Sources - HCV Resource Network

for a living planet
Landscape HCVF Identification in West
Kalimantan, Indonesia
A Desktop Analysis
Prepared by :
Ecology team: :
DWI ASTIANI
HARYONO
DESSY RATNASARI
Team Leader:
PURWO SUSANTO
Supervisor :
KISHOKUMAR JEYARAJ
Social team:
ALBERTUS
LORENS
EKO DARMAWAN
SABINUS MELANO
KALIMANTAN BARAT

INTRODUCTION
High Conservation Value Forests (HCVF) are defined as areas
where critically important ecological attributes, ecosystem
services and social functions are identified.
(Principle
9 –FSC Principles and Criteria for forest certification(1999)
HCVF : 6 High Conservation Values (HCVs)- attributes
HCV1: Forest areas containing globally, regionally or nationally significant
concentrations of biodiversity values (e.g. endemism, endangered
species, refugia).
HCV2: Forest areas containing globally, regionally or nationally significant
large landscape level forests, contained within, or containing the
management unit, where viable populations of most if not all
naturally occurring species exist in natural patterns of distribution
and abundance.
HCV3: Forest areas that are in or contain rare, threatened or endangered
ecosystems.
HCV4: Forest areas that provide basic services of nature in critical situations
(e.g. watershed protection, erosion control).
HCV5: Forest areas fundamental to meeting basic needs of local communities
(e.g. subsistence, health)
HCV6: Forest areas critical to local communities’ traditional cultural identity
(areas of cultural, ecological, economic or religious significance
identified in cooperation with such local communities).

Indonesia Facts And Figures

PROCESS
• Collating data from
various sources
• Consultative exercise
• Multidisciplinary
team-analysis
• Spatial analysis
• Internal WWF review
workshop
• Consultation with
provincial government
• Wider stakeholder
consultation
• Acceptance and
utilization by
stakeholders
• Ground testing and
refinement
• Continuous review
SUB-OBJECTIVES
• Guiding land use policy formulation and
decision making by the West Kalimantan
provincial government
• Guiding Spatial planning for the province
• Raising conservation awareness in West
Kalimantan and guiding conservation priorities
• Promoting and recognising sustainable local
community dependence on forests
• PROVINCIAL LEVEL CAPACITY BUILDING

Challenges
Consolidation of literature from varying sources
Satellite imagery interpretation and source (latest
unavailable-2000 but updated to 2003)
• Lack of basic field data and information
• Varied information sources and differing map
quality and scales
• Biodiversity information in forested areas
lacking and
• Minimum size of forest cover areas is 1,000 ha
due to satellite image resolution
• Social HCVs, 3 local community groups selected
based on their language difference, population
distribution and size
• dependency level of indigenous communities
could not be analyzed quantitatively

Overview of study area
West Kalimantan Province
Total extent: 17,88 m ha
Total population (2004): 4.073.304 peoples
Administrative: 10 districts dan 2 cities
Protected areas: 3.872.336,21 ha
Forest cover (2000): 6.906.043,63 ha
Soil: Organosol, Gley dan Humus (OGH), Aluvial,
Regosol, Podsolik Red Yellow (PRY), Podsolik dan
Latosol. (PRY) total area 10,5 m ha (17,28 %)
Hydrology: 19 Main Drainage Basins (Water Catchments)

Finding HCV 1:Forests areas containing globally, regionally and nationally
HCV1.1
significant
:
large concentrations of biodiversity values e.g. endemism,
Identification endangered species, of protected and refugia. areas
Data HCV Components Sources : identified are:
•Protected HCV # 1.1 areas Protected data Areas. in West Group Kalimantan (Forestry Size Dept, (ha) 2000)
•Basic
1HCV Nature
Map 1.2 Endangered Tourism
of West
Sanctuary
Kalimantan Species. (6 NTS)
(Bakosurtanal 1:250,000)
29.297,32
•Satellite 2HCV National 1.3 Imagery Concentration Park (4 NP) Landsat of 7 Endangered ETM (2000), Threatened 1.124.988,38 and Endemic
3 Wild Life Sanctuary (1 WS)
146.851,30
4species
Nature Preserves (4 NPr)
130.946,59
5HCV Protection 1.4 Significant Forest (146 Temporal PF) Concentrations 2.440.252,62
Total Protected Areas 3.872.336,21*
Sources : GIS Analysis Protected Areas Map of Forestry Department, 2000
Catatan : * Not include Karimata Marine Preserve

Finding :
Out of 3.872.336,21 ha of identified protected areas (excluding
marine reserves), only some 3.011.605,17 Ha (77,77%) are
forested. Approximately 860.073,26 ha (22,23 %) have lost
forest cover.

HCV 1.2
Finding:
• 5 species of birds,
• 10 species of
mammal,
• 1
Sources:
species of fish,
• 11 species of reptil
• 3 species of
Alcedo meninting Blue-eared Kingfisher Menintin
Identification of endangered species according to Appendix I, CITES
Polyplectron schleiermacheri Bornean Peacockpheasant
and IUCN Redlist Criteria Endangered/Critically Endangered.
Hylobates lar Lar Gibbon Owa Serundung
• Distribution Map of Protected Hylobates muelleri Species in West Bornean Gibon Kalimantan Kelampiau (various
Kalimantan
Nasalis larvatus Proboscis Monkey Bekantan
sources).
Neofelis nebulosa Clouded Leopard Macan dahan
• Appendix I CITES (data Pardofelis download marmorata on 20 December Marbled Cat 2005 Kucing and batu valid
Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus Orang Utan Orang Utan
until 23 June 2005).
Prionailurus bengalis Leopard Cat Kucing kuwuk
Prionailurus planiceps Flat-headed Cat Kucing tandang
• IUCN Redlist (Download data 20 December 2005)
PISCES Scleropages formosus Dragon fish Ikan Arwana Merah
• Ecology of Kalimantan REPTIL (2000).
Batagur baska River Terrapin Tuntong
Caretta caretta Red Brown Longger Heat Penyu Tempayan
• South East Asian Orchids (1994).
Chelonia mydas Green Turtle Penyu Hijau
• Orangutan Population and Chitra Habitat indica Viability Giant Assessment Freshwater Turtle Labi-labi (2004) Besar
Dermochelys coriacea Leather Back Turtle Penyu Belimbing
• Distribution Map of Orangutan (WCMC, 2004).
Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill Turtle Penyu Sisik
Lepidochelys olivacea Grey Olive Longger Heat Penyu Ridel/Lekang
• Data on Forests with elevation under 200 meters.
Manouria emys
Asian Brown Tortoise
• Data on Forests with elevation Orlitia borneensis under 500 meters.
Aquatic Tortoise Kura-kura Gading
orchids
Class Species name English name Indonesia name
AVES Alcedo euryzona Blue-banded Kingfisher Raja Udang Biinti
Ciconia stromi Storm’s stork Bangau Hutan Rawa
Kuau Kerdil Borneo
Rhinoplax vigil Helmeted Hornbill Enggang Gading
MAMMAL Helarctos malayanus Sun Bear Beruang Madu
Hylobates agilis Agile Gibon Ungko Tangan-hitam/ Owa
Python molurus Rock Pyton Sanca Bodo
Tomistoma schlegelii Malayan Gavial Buaya Sapit/ Senyulong
ORCHID Paphiopedilum bullenianum Anggrek Kantong Semar
Paphiopedilum kolopakingii
Anggrek Kantong Semar
Paphiopedilum stonei
Anggrek Kantong Semar
Sumber : kompilasi data dari berbagai literatur keanekaragaman jenis di berbagai kawasan di Kalimantan Barat

Orangutan distribution areas
As the flagship species

HCV 1.3
Identification of Concentrations of Endangered, Threatened
or Endemic species
Finding :
Data sources:
Protected species *
Endemic species
• Species research data
Number
Number
• Map of designated of Forest Remarks Areas in West of Kalimantan Remarks
# Name of Area
species
species
(Baplan Dephut,
112000)
2 aves, 6 mammal, 1
• NPEndemic Birds Areas pisces, (Birdlife, 2 reptil 2005)
• Ecology of Kalimantan
15 5 aves,
(2000)
9 mammal, 1
• NPITTO Borneo Biodiversity reptil Expedition (1999)
13 4 aves, 5 mammal, 1
• Other publications and scientific literature
1 Betung Kerihun
2 Gunung Palung
3 Danau Sentarum
NP
4 Bukit Baka Bukit
Raya NP
5 Kendawangan
GR
6 Kep. Karimata
NR
7 Nyiut Penrinsen
NR
8 Belimbing
(Selimpai) NTS
pisces, 3 reptil
24 15 aves, 8
mammal, 1
orchid
19 10 aves, 9
mammal
11 5 aves, 2
mammal, 3 flora
8 2 aves, 6 mammal 5 2 aves, 3
mammal
16 3 aves, 4 mammal, 1
pisces, 8 reptil
10 1 aves, 1 mammal, 8
reptil
12 4 aves, 4 mammal, 3
orchid, 1 reptil
10 1 aves, 2 mammal, 7
reptil
3 1 aves, 2
mammal
1 1 mammal
25 11 aves, 10
mammal, 4
orchid
1 1 mammal
Notes : * Protected as in Appendix I CITES and/or Endangered IUCN Redlist catagory

HCV 1.4
Identification of Significant Temporal Concentrations
Sources:
• Map of West Kalimantan Forest Cover Peta 2003 (Baplan Dephut, 2005)
• Important Birds Areas, BirdLife International (2005)
• Ecology of Kalimantan (2000)
Finding :
As recorded by BirdLife, there are 8 identified locations significant for
birds.
# Location IBA criteria
1 Kendawangan GR A1, A2, A3
2 Betung Kerihun NP A1, A2, A3
3 Danau Sentarum NP A1, A2, A3
4 Gunung Palung NP A1, A2, A3
5 Rawa Di Pesisir Paloh A3
6 Rawa Di Pesisir Kapuas A3
7 GN. Nyiut – Poteng NR A1, A2, A3
8 Bukit Baka – Bukit Raya NP A1, A2, A3
Keterangan :
(A1), Species of global
conservation concern
(A2), Restricted-range species
(A3) Biome-restricted species

Threats toward HCV 1:
Threats on conservation areas such as illegal logging, forests fires, and
land-use alteration (HPH, HTI, Transmigration, and oil palm plantations).

HCV 2
Forest areas containing globally, regionally or nationally
significant large landscape level forests, contained within, or
containing the management unit (MU), where viable
populations of most if not all naturally occur species exist in
natural patterns of distribution and abundance.
HCV Components identified are:
•HCV 2.1 Forest areas containing large landscape level
•HCV 2.2 Integral part of forest areas containing large
landscape level
•HCV 2.3 Maintaining viable populations of naturally
occur species

Landscape Blocks in West Kalimantan
# Group of forest containing large landscape Size (Hektare)
1. Forest group 1 (Kelompok Taman Nasional Betung Kerihun, bersambungan dengan HL. Pangihan
Lambuanak, Taman Nasional Bukit Baka Bukit Raya, 14 HL lain, 6 HPH, 2 HTI dan kawasan hutan
sekitarnya)
2. Forest group 2 (Kelompok HL. BT. Malintang, HL. BT. Salok, HL. BT. Penintin, HL. BT. Rirang, HL. BT.
Mancung, 1 HPH, 3 HTI dan kawasan hutan sekitarnya)
3. Forest group 3 (Kelompok HL. S Kiyungkang, HL. BT. Penintin, 24 HL lain, 15 HPH, 4 HTI, 4 kebun dan
kawasan hutan sekitarnya)
4. Forest group 4 (Kelompok Taman Nasional Gunung Palung, 9 HL lain, kawasan hutan rawa gambut
S.Putri/S.Tolak dan kawasan hutan sekitarnya)
5. Forest group 5 (Kelompok hutan di P. Maya Karimata meliputi HL. G. Berantak, HL. G. Besar, HL. S.
Kapar Kecil dan HL. S. Sandawalan)
6. Forest group 6 (Kelompok HL. T. Batang, HL. S Kuwalan, HL . S Jenu, 2 HTI, 2 kebun dan kawasan
hutan sekitarnya)
7. Forest group 7 (Kelompok HL. S. Medawak, HL. S. Ambangah, HL. S. Tebedak, HL. P. Limbung, 2 HTI,
3 kebun dan kawasan hutan sekitarnya)
8. Forest group 8 (Kelompok HL. G Sangiyangan, CA Mandor, 1 HTI, 4 kebun dan kawasan hutan
sekitarnya
9. Forest roup 9 (Kelompok TWA Melintang, TWA Gunung Asuansang HL. Bentarang, 5 HL dan TWA lain,
6 kebun dan kawasan hutan sekitarnya)
10. Forest group 10 (Kelompok CA GN Nyiut Penrinsen, HL. Penrinsen dan kawasan hutan sekitarnya, 1
kebun)
11. Forest group 11 (Kelompok CA Nyiut Penrinsen, HL. G. Bentuang, HL. G Pejapa, HL. G Ceramin, HL.
Menjang dan kawasan hutan sekitarnya, 1 HTI)
2.660.209,856
82.030,243
1.189.289,097
320.776,124
83.039,650
248.411,543
231.568,902
117.720,309
220.433,848
67.560,744
77.070,423
12. Forest group 12 (Kelompok HL. G. Kemuha, H.L Kumbu dan kawasan hutan sekitarnya, 1 HTI) 87.098,651
13. Forest group 13 (Kelompok HL. Lanjak, Taman Nasional Danau Sentarum, HL. Bt. Kumpai, 1 HPH, 1
HTI, 1 kebun dan kawasan hutan sekitarnya)
308.993,768
Total forest group containing large landscape 5.694.203,158
Sumber : Hasil Pengukuran GIS dari Peta Penutupan Lahan Kalimantan Barat (Tim Ekologi HCVF Kalimantan Barat, 2005/2006)

HCV 3
Forest Areas that are in or Contain Rare, Threatened or Endangered Ecosystems.
Sources:
• Map of West Kalimantan Forests Cover by 2003 (Baplan Dephut, 2005)
• Map of Designated Forests Areas in West Kalimantan (Baplan Dephut, 2000)
• Land-uses in West Kalimantan RTRWP (BAPPEDA of West Kalimantan, 2004)
• Map of West Kalimantan Ecoregion (WCMC)
• Map of RePPProt (2000)
Findings:
According to Map of West Kalimantan Ecoregion (WCMC), there are 6 ecoregions
across the province:
Kerangas Forest
Mangrove Forests
Type of Forests
Maximum Estimated Size of Each
Forest Type
(in hectare)
Forest Size
in 2003
(in hectare)
Percentage of
Forest Size by Maximum
Size of Each Forest Type
(%)
1,822,311.84 272,441.42 14.95%
454,459.24 148,343.67 32.64%
Fresh-water Swamp Forests 1,149,717.30 406,520.49 35.36%
Lowland Rain Forests 7,016,181.83 2,801.08 39.68%
Peat Swamp Forests 2,159,860.19 993,325.86 45.99%
Montane Forests 2,045,958.19 1,962,994.65 95.95%
No data - 8,731.55 -
Total 14,693,488.59 6,594,189.72 44.88%

HCV 4
Forest areas that Provide Basic Services of Nature in Critical Situation (e.g.
watershed protection, erosion control).
Components of HCV identified are:
• HCV 4.1 Unique water springs for daily needs
• HCV 4.2 Forest areas significant as watershed protection and erosion control
• HCV 4.3 Forest areas significant to block up severe fires
• HCV 4.4 Forest areas significant to agriculture, aquaculture, and fishery
Sources:
• Map of West Kalimantan River Currents
• Map of West Kalimantan DAS
• Map of West Kalimantan Lakes
• Map of Mangrove Ecosystem
• Map of West Kalimantan Forests Cover (2003)
• Map of West Kalimantan Settlement Distribution
• Basic Map of West Kalimantan

HCV 5
Forest areas around the community settlements
Forest areas fundamental to meeting basic needs of local
communities (e.g. subsistence, health)
Components of HCV identified are:
• HCV 5.1 Local communities with high dependency to forest
areas in and around.
• HCV 5.2. Basic needs or subsistence (carbohydrate, protein,
vitamin, and Mmineral), medicinal substances, firewoods,
house-building construction materials of local community in
and around forest areas

Identification HCV 5.1
Identification of Local Communities Live in and around Forest Areas with
High Forest Dependency.
Identify community groups and forests areas of a radius of 15 Km away
from the nearest community settlements. For very isolated groups with
high forest-dependency level, i.e. Dayak Punan and Bukat in Kapuas Hulu,
and Bidayuh on the feet of Mt. Nyiut Penrinsen, identifying of forests areas
are applied within a radius of 20 Km from the nearest community
settlement.
Sources:
•Map of Community Groups of West Kalimantan based on the Language
Atlas (Wurm, S.A. & S. Hatorri, 1983)
•Map of West Kalimantan Settlement Distribution Peta
•Map of Community Land-uses (PPSDAK – Pancur Kasih)
•Map of West Kalimantan Forests Cover by 2003 (Baplan Dephut, 2005)
•Map of Designated Forests Areas in West Kalimantan (Baplan Dephut,
2000)
Findings
As discussed earlier in introduction, this study applies linguistic approach which
have been developed by Wurm and Hatorri (1983). Models or samples are of
local communities with the highest distribution across the province.

HCV 5.2.
Identification of Basic Needs or Subsistence (carbohydrate,
protein, vitamin and mineral), Medicinal Substances,
Firewoods, and House-Building Construction Materials of
Local Community in and around Forest Areas
Sources:
• Various literature on forests-uses pattern by community
groups of Dayak Kanayant, Bidayuh, and Iban
• Map of Natural Resources Utilization by Local Community
(PPSDAK - Pancur Kasih)
Findings:
Land-use models are indicators of local community forestry
practice. The land-use model describes how the communities have
managed and utilized the land. The land-use pattern has been
continued to exist for a thousand years andis developed from
community interaction mechanisms. The land-use patterns are
varied and get more complicated depending on history of the local
social interaction and the forest management.

HCV 6
Forests Areas Critical to Local Communities’ Traditional Cultural Identity (Areas of
Cultural, Ecological, Economic or Religious Significance in Cooperation with such Local
Communities)
HCV. 6.1
Communities around Forest Areas who are Isolated, Self-governed (with active traditional
laws system), and primarily forest-dependant
Sources:
• Forest Management Patterns of Dayak Kanayatn, Bidayuh, and Iban (various
sources)
• Language Atlas of West Kalimantan (Wurm, S.A. & S. Hattori, 1983)
• Map of Settlement Distribution in West Kalimantan
• Map of Forest Cover in West Kalimantan (2003)
• Basic Map of West Kalimantan
Findings:
The three community groups sampled, i.e. Dayak Kanayatn, Bidayuh, and Iban, occupy
mostly areas adjacent to the forests. Some of them inhabit remote areas , e.g. mountaneous ,
such as communities living around the Nature Preserve of Nyiut Penrinsen and the Betung
Kerihun National Park.
Dayak Kanayatn, Bidayuh, and Iban people reside traditional territories called Binua or
Banoe.
Due to minimum external influence and contact with outside world, “several” sub-groups of
Dayak Kanayatn, Bidayuh, and Iban still adhere to their pure customs. In addition, some
social events in West Kalimantan promote adherence to their tradition and customary law.

HCV 6.2
Identification of Customary Systems, Tradition, and Traditional Laws of Dayak Community as
Cultural Identity with regard to Forests
Findings:
• Custom, tradition, and traditional laws are included in non-codification rules but bound to the
people to manage life and behavior of traditional communities.
• All activities that connected to natural resources management are always performed along
with certain traditional ceremonies.
• Activities for forest and natural resources management as to cultural identity i.e. field
cultivation, religious, and oral tradition activities.
• All rituals and traditional ceremonies mentioned give forest-depent communities’ cultural
identity.

Main threats toward forest areas which provide local communities basic needs
(subsistence), among which are:
- High population while forest areas are constant, the environment capacity therefore tends to be narrower
- Capitalism economic paradigm which emphasizes on high production level causes exploitation on forest
natural resources
- Environmental support capacity is getting lower due to forest-use for short indigenous cultivation (previously
in 10-15 years cycle, at present only 4-5 years cycle)
- Illegal burning at forest areas
- High level of community consumerism
Direct impact of the threats are:
- Rapid forest clearing
- Expanding of palm oil plantation, HPH, HTI, mining companies, etc
- Local communities should change suddenly their lifestyle and behaviour
- Competition in enhancing life standard has influenced community to exploit forest
- Reducing of environmental capacity
- Consumerism as global impact, brings its consequence in social changes at macro level

HCV1
HCV2
HCV3
HCV4
HCV5+6
Resume Analisis HCVF Secara Lansekap di Kalbar

Terima
Kasih
Thank you
Mandor Protected Forest, Photo by Ryo