Forests Sourcebook - HCV Resource Network

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strategic partnership, LFI example, 320b strategic planning, 243b structural adjustment loans (SALs), 6, 204b, 207, 221b Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), 7, 8f, 9f, 10 subsidiarity principle, 162–163 subsidies, 54, 119 subsistence, 17b, 95b Sumatra forest margins, 129b supply-demand imbalances, 192 Surama Eco-tourism Enterprise, 78 surveys, 301b, 327t sustainable development, 39 sustainable forest management (SFM), 1–4, 63, 73. See also forest management certification as a benchmark, 114 facilitating, 101 HCV approach, 105–106 incentives for, 126b reasons for failure of, 205–206 T Tanzania, 28b, 258b, 261b tariff policies, 54 task forces, 328t taxation, 54, 178, 188, 189 technical capacity, 101–102 technology transfer, extension programs, 120, 121 technology, for NFIs, 249t tenure, 50–51, 178, 316. See also property rights actors and actions, 52f community, 30, 53b, 54b customary systems, 43–44 Indigenous Peoples, 40–41 legal vs. customary, 51b PRSPs, 54 reform, 52, 53b terms of reference (TOR) forest certification, 341, 343 forest monitoring system, 283 model for FMIS project, 270–273 OP on Forests, 298–299 TFAP. See Tropical Forestry Action Plan Thematic Mapper (TM) scenes, 281n threat assessment, 108 threat ratings, 147 timber products, 95b timber right fees (TRF), 223b Timber Utilization Contracts (TUCs), 223b timber, years of supply remaining, 95t Tongass National Forest, 133b top-down approaches, 21 total economic valuation (TEV), 305b tourism, 86 trade, 178, 189 tradeoffs, 129b, 140 tranche-release conditions, 222b transaction costs, 74, 172 transparency, 9–10, 19, 37, 170b Bolivia, 164b forest management decentralization, 163 Tri National de la Sangha, Congo Basin, 126b triggers, 222b Tropical Forestry Action Plan (TFAP), 208 tropical timber import ban, 98 Turkey Eastern Anatolia Watershed Rehabilitation Project, 128b turnkey approach, 267, 268b, 269n U Uganda, NFP, 215b United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 39 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), 210b United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 174, 253b United States Forest Service (USFS), 137n Unlocking Opportunities for Forest-Dependent People, 12n unprotected areas, 297 V value added products and services, development of, 75 Vegext Limited, 72b veneer sheets, 94b Vietnam, 101b, 218b viewpoints, integrating, 136b Voluntary Partnership Agreements (VPAs), 153 von Thunen analysis, 237 W watch list for DPLs, 210 water policy, 289–290 water services, 86, 87, 88t watershed approach, 130n watershed projects, 125, 128b watershed protection, 85 wetlands directories, 313 Weyerhaeuser Limited, 32b wild resources, reliance on, 15 Wildlands OPN, 297 Women Acting Together for Change, 33b women, opportunities for, 60, 128b wood, 94b, 189. See also fuelwood wood demand, 1, 63, 93, 94 influencing factors, 95b response to price change, 237 World Bank lending to meet, 98 wood market, 93, 97 wood production from secondary forests, 99 wood supply, 101, 117, 237 World Bank, 10, 11, 98. See also development policy loans; Operational Policies Andhra Pradesh forestry project, 34b Cameroon forest sector, 35b CBFM support, 100 collaboration with IFC, 68 FLEG, 154t 368 INDEX
forest certification, 114 Forest Certification Assessment Guide (FCAG), 335–340 forest governance, 151, 154, 155b forest investment portfolio, 6–7, 7f forest plantations, 117–118 forest policy history, 287–288 forests and development policy integration, 209–210 Forests Strategy, 4–6, 123–124 lending profile, 7–9 harvesting support, 335 Indigenous Peoples, 39–40, 324b Indonesia PRSL, 204b Kenya SEA, 243b legal framework support, 173, 174b macroeconomic reforms, 204–205 Mexico, 36b monitoring system investments, 249 past and current objectives, 97–98 PES support, 86, 87t policy lending themes and forest sector, 232b project cycle and communication tasks, 332–333 publications identifying critical habitats, 313 safeguard policies, 287, 288 watershed management projects, 125 World Bank Group, 12n World Conservation Union (IUCN), 168b, 316n World Development Report on Attacking Poverty, 15b World Wildlife Fund (WWF), 65, 107b, 335–336 HCVF toolkit, 108b X Xylo Indah Pratama, 71b INDEX 369
Page 1 and 2:
INTRODUCTION OPPORTUNITIES AND CHAL
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Forest law enforcement and governan
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■ Protecting vital local and glob
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Figure 3 Commitment from the World
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Figure 6 Regional Distribution of I
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management and biodiversity conserv
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PART I Priority Themes and Operatio
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Angelsen and Wunder 2003; and Malli
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harvesting forest products that are
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forest management and ownership hav
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Institutional development of capaci
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Contreras-Hermosilla, A., and M. Si
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Box 1.4 Poverty-Forest Linkages Too
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Box 1.6 An Overview of the Tools fo
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NOTE 1.2 Community-Based Forest Man
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the biophysical resource through fo
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Box 1.12 Andhra Pradesh Community F
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Box 1.14 Community Forestry in Mexi
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World Bank, 1978. Forestry. Sector
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[Indigenous Peoples’] rights of o
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inappropriate. Thus, development pr
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nity territory into individual plot
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LESSONS LEARNED AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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Borrini-Feyerabend, G., M. Pimbert,
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In what are considered public fores
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Figure 1.1 Toward Tenure Security:A
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Box 1.21 Opportunities to Advance C
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NOTE 1.5 Making Markets Work for th
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■ environmental groups to produce
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Box 1.25 Medicinal Plants as NTFPs
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CHAPTER 2 Engaging the Private Sect
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dred to tens of thousands of new jo
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Box 2.2 Since 1995, Brazilian small
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Macqueen, D., N. Armitage, M. Jaeck
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NOTE 2.1 COMPANY-COMMUNITY PARTNERS
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inputs (communities), and cost savi
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community arrangements, such as eth
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NOTE 2.2 Small and Medium Enterpris
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must be distinguished from products
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overregulation falls most heavily o
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da Amazônia (IPAM) and the Interna
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NOTE 2.3 Innovative Marketing Arran
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Table 2.2 World Bank Projects with
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payments for reforestation can enco
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Wunder, S. 2005. “Payments for En
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Box 3.1 Technical Definitions Wood
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Table 3.2 Wood Fuel Data for Select
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ered it important to have the World
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operations (such as community-based
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also needs to be extended in many c
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NOTE 3.1 Mainstreaming Conservation
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areas that can be used more intensi
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Box 3.7 Applying HCVF in Papua New
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Finally, any existing protections,
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However, these general rules are se
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the origin of products from a certi
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management practices in selected en
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Reforms) provide the framework for
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lenges to weak institutions, which
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CHAPTER 4 Optimizing Forest Functio
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People and human societies are seen
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Encourage stakeholder participation
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Box 4.5 Tradeoffs Framework Used in
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Sector and Thematic Evaluation, Ope
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Identify planning team members and
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Involve relevant stakeholders in de
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needs of implementing partners and
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NOTE 4.2 Assessing Outcomes of Land
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Box 4.13 Possible Indicators for As
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NOTE 4.3 Using Adaptive Management
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■ ■ ■ ■ Develop a project p
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Another important and useful proces
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theless, it is never too late to st
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CHAPTER 5 IMPROVING FOREST GOVERNAN
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Improving forest governance and leg
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tant part of the World Bank’s con
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sector with broader governance and
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NOTE 5.1 Decentralized Forest Manag
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Assess the overall decentralization
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Box 5.5 Nicaragua: Asymmetries Betw
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Parker, A. 1995. “Decentralizatio
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■ ■ ■ Management of forests (
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such as designing a transparent con
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Box 5.11 Citizen Report Cards: Benc
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NOTE 5.3 Strengthening Legal Framew
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Box 5.13 Working on the Law with La
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In addition, the process of public
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ANNEX 5.3B SIX DRAFTING PRINCIPLES
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forestry policy or to promote other
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The most common fiscal incentives i
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is reasonable to allow the administ
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ANNEX 5.4A A SUMMARY OF THE DIFFERE
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NOTE 5.5 ADDRESSING ILLEGAL LOGGING
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Box 5.17 Measures Specific to Comba
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■ ■ ■ initially have to compe
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enterprises may be motivated to joi
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NOTES 1. This note is based on Worl
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ANNEX 5.5B TYPICAL CONTEXTS OF ILLE
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Typical contexts Potential drivers
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Box 6.1 Indonesian Structural Adjus
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Box 6.2 Upstream Analyses on Energy
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Box 6.3 Positive Impact of Agrarian
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Box 6.4 Use of the Rapid CEA Approa
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———. 2005. “Development Pol
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NOTE 6.1 Using National Forest Prog
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Box 6.6 Basic Principles of NFP Pre
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Implementation. The implementation
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allow for each country’s differen
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limited in the coverage and duratio
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Box 6.12 The Use of DPLs to Support
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Box 6.13 Using DPLs in Lao PDR for
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OPCS. 2004. “Good Practice Notes
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OPERATIONAL ASPECTS Prioritizing th
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orientation of the DPL operations c
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Indicators are helpful in these sit
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ANNEX 6.3A SELECT TOOLS TO ASSIST S
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NOTE 6.4 Assessing Cross-Sectoral I
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Box 6.16 The Forests Component in t
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Considering the above issues, an in
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Box 6.19 Implementation of the Keny
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World Bank SEA Web resources: http:
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Box 7.1 Monitoring Promotes Changes
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collected via remote sensing rather
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Discussions and proposals on how to
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Assessment (www.millenniumassessmen
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FAO. 2004. “Manual for Environmen
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■ ■ ■ enables implementation
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selecting the technology. Technolog
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USFS Field Guides: www.fia.fs.fed.u
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Box 7.13 System Architecture of a S
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Box 7.14 FMIS in Bosnia and Herzego
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and client-rich system, which would
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ANNEX 7.2A MODEL TERMS OF REFERENCE
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
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NOTE 7.3 Spatial Monitoring of Fore
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■ ■ ■ ■ Availability of ref
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Box 7.19 Selecting the Appropriate
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Table 7.4 Existing Satellite Remote
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Tropical Ecosystem Environment Obse
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PART II Guidance on Implementing Fo
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forestry activities was counterprod
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waterways, or the quantity or quali
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ an independent
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■ In the case of forest harvestin
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■ ■ harvesting supported by Wor
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However, some of the World Bank’s
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Examine the
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Box 9.2 Participation Strategy To m
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Box 9.5 Process Framework for Invol
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Box 9.8 Market Analysis A market an
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“no-project” option); and recom
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Box 9.16 Environmental Management P
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
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the detailed Biodiversidade Brasile
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■ ■ management plan—prepared
Page 319 and 320: CHAPTER 10 Consultation and Communi
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Page 323 and 324: Box 10.4 Consultation in the Democr
Page 325 and 326: Box 10.6 Elements of Communication
Page 327 and 328: Table 10.2 Listening to the Public
Page 329 and 330: ■ - Preliminary research should i
Page 331 and 332: Box 10.8 Managing Risks through Str
Page 333 and 334: Bank project cycle related to Commu
Page 335 and 336: CHAPTER 11 Forest Certification Ass
Page 337 and 338: carried out under a specific certif
Page 339 and 340: once more practical experience has
Page 341 and 342: ANNEX 11A MODEL TERMS OF REFERENCE
Page 343 and 344: ANNEX 11B PROCEDURES AND TERMS OF R
Page 347 and 348: CHAPTER 12 Applying OP 4.10 on Indi
Page 349 and 350: lack of opportunities relative to o
Page 351 and 352: Box 12.2 When a project affects Ind
Page 353 and 354: ples receive social and economic be
Page 355 and 356: Bank’s supervision team must incl
Page 357: ANNEX 12A ELEMENTS OF AN INDIGENOUS
Page 360 and 361: forest monitoring, 275b social and
Page 362 and 363: FOMAS. See National Forest Sector M
Page 364 and 365: and forest certification, 335 toolk
Page 366 and 367: applying to Indigenous Peoples, 347
Page 372: Eco-Audit Environmental Benefits St
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