and forest certification, 335 toolkit, 108b, 110 Honduran Forest Agenda (AFH), 58b household dependency on forests, 26b, 27 household income, 16, 17 human capital, 140b hydrological services. See water services I IBRD. See International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IDA. See International Development Association IFC. See International Finance Corporation IKEA, 107b IKONOS, 280t illegal logging, 94, 153, 189 causes of, 190–192, 198, 199 fighting against, 192, 194–195 process framework application, 303b recommended actions, 196 ILO. See International Labour Organization impact study, as analytical tool, 233t Important Bird Areas (IBAs), 313 incentive framework, 306 incentives, 99, 100, 126b. See also fiscal incentives India, 45b, 59b forest projects, 34b, 45b, 78b forest surveys, 250, 250b indicator framework, 233t indicators for forest monitoring, 254–255 Indigenous Peoples, 15, 39, 355. See also Operational Policy on Indigenous Peoples application of OP on <strong>Forests</strong>, 347 building partnerships, 44–45 consultation with, 41–42, 42b, 352t importance of, 349–351, 351b forest decentralization, 163 forestry projects, 40 guidelines and preempting local conflicts, 324b identification of, 348 institutional and stakeholder analysis, 43 lessons learned and recommendations, 46–47 policy, governance, and fiscal issues, 40–41 project implementation considerations, 354–355 protecting rights of, 156 relationship to land, 40 social assessment, 43, 348–349, 350b Indigenous Peoples instrument, 352–356 Indigenous Peoples Plan (IPP), 353, 357 Indigenous Peoples Planning Framework (IPPF), 353, 357 Indonesia, 27b, 71b, 161b forest monitoring, 275b structural adjustment loan, 204b information dissemination, techniques for, 330t information systems, 247. See also forest monitoring information system Inspection Panel cases, 46 institutional analysis, 43, 299, 304 institutional capacity, 21–22, 239 institutional reform, 166, 168b, 178 implementation of, 169b, 171–172 measuring success, 170 Interactive Forestry Atlas of Cameroon, 275b International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), 8f, 9f, 65 International Development Association (IDA), 8f, 9f, 65 International Finance Corporation (IFC), 64, 64b, 64f collaboration with World Bank, 68 forest lending, 7f forest projects for poverty reduction, 68n International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention 169, 39 International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 336, 337 International Social and Environmental Accreditation and Labelling (ISEAL), 336 interventions, 19, 54 investment climate, 244b investment forums, 65 involuntary access restrictions, 303, 353–354 Involuntary Resettlement Policy (OP 4.12), 289, 303b–304b, 347 IUCN. See World Conservation Union J Joint Forest Management (JFM), 34b joint ventures, 66, 71t, 72b K Kenya, 72b Kenya <strong>Forests</strong> Act, 243b L land access, 78, 148b land administration, 19–20 land ownership, 50. See also forest ownership land use and land use change (LULUCF) projects, 276b land use, integrated, 73 land-use arrangements, 66 land-use database, 264b Landsat, 254, 274, 280t landscape, 123, 125, 126 zone types, 137n landscape approach, 123, 124, 124b, 130n management systems, 127–128 use of models, 126b various techniques for, 125 landscape interventions, monitoring and evaluation of, 139 landscape planning, 125, 133–137 data required, 134, 134b mapping, 135b planning team, 133, 133b threat-based and desired condition and zoning, 132 landscape stakeholders, 133b Lao People’s Democratic Republic, 65, 226b, 314 Latin America and Caribbean (LAC), 8, 8f, 9f, 11 Project Development Facility, 68n Latin America, forestry models, 31b law enforcement, 3 364 INDEX
laws, 173. See also forest laws lawyers, 175b learning, 143, 219 learning culture, 149 legal framework, 161, 173, 176 quality of and crime prevention, 189, 192 legal reform, 175b, 176 lending, 40, 41, 153–154. See also development policy loans lending, regional distribution of, 9f Liberia Forest Initiative (LFI), 167b–168b, 174b, 320b Liberia, forest income supporting war, 174b license charges, 187 livelihood analysis, 28b livelihood indicators, 140b livelihoods, 1, 16, 17b loan conditions, 222b, 223b, 227 prioritization of critical actions, 223, 225 logging maps, 277b, 278b M macroeconomic policy, 205, 206 macroeconomic reforms, 207, 231–232, 231t Madhya Pradesh Minor Forest Produce Cooperative, 78b map-based estimation methods, 259b mapping project, 301b maps, 277b, 278b, 281t CD tool for forest monitoring, 275b costs of, 260b deforestation, 251b market analysis, 306 market development strategy, low-income producers, 57f market mechanisms, 182b market monopolies, 79 markets, 2, 23, 66, 73 access, 21, 56, 114 environmental services, 67 for small producers, 58 most are domestic, 63 participation in, 49, 52 recommendations for, 60 matrices, as assessment tool, 236, 237 MC. See Participatory Microcatchment Planning Approach measurement framework for monitoring, 252 media use for information dissemination, 330t medicinal plants, 59b methodologies, 254, 301, 305 Mexico, 148b, 208b, 221b community forestry, 36b, 46–47, 208b PES, 86 PROCYMAF I and II, 47b microfinance schemes, 20–21 Middle East and North Africa (MENA), 7–8, 8f, 9f, 11 mining sector, 239 mobile communications, 254 MODIS, 278, 279b, 280t Mondi Fine Paper SA, 72b monitoring, 139, 193, 248b. See also forest monitoring baseline for, 308b continuous and consistent, 141 economic, 307b EMP, 310b indicators, 139–140, 140b, 141b lending outcomes, 225–226, 234 outcome assessment, 142b monitoring framework, development of, 139–141 monitoring systems, 247, 249–250, 263. See also forest monitoring information system Armenia, 248b measurement framework, 252 recommendations for, 255 monoculture plantations, 119 multiple-use forests, 97f multiple-use land arrangements, 66, 71t, 72b, 73 Multisectoral Forest Protection Committees, 153 N Nakai-Nam Theun National Protected Area, Lao PDR, 314 national forest inventories (NFIs), 249, 249t, 257–258 design of, 258–260 recommendations for, 260–261 samples of interest, 259b Tanzania, 258b national forest programs (NFPs), 208, 214, 216–219 principles, preparation, and implementation, 216b Uganda, 215b National Forest Sector Monitoring and Assessment Process (FOMAS), Indonesia, 275b National Institute for Colonisation and Land Reform, Brazil, 80b national resource accounts, 233t natural capital, 140b, 204 Natural Habitats Policy, 288–289, 294–295 natural habitats, and critical, 296, 310–314 natural insurance, 17 natural resource management, 136b, 224b–225b natural resource markets, regulation of, 32–33 natural resources, 16, 44, 78 role in economic growth, 31–32 needs analysis, 265 Nepal, 33b, 59b networks for assessment, 236 Nicaragua, 163b Nicaraguan Forest Finance Fund, 101b non-additionality, 183 nontimber forest products (NTFPs), 56, 58, 60 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 257b medicinal plants, 59b purchase agreements, 72b North and Central America, 255t North Rupununi District Development Board, Guyana, 81b NRM. See Colombia Natural <strong>Resource</strong> Management Program O Oceania, 255t open access, 51b open source standards for software, 273n Operational Policy on <strong>Forests</strong> (OP 4.36), 287, 291–296 INDEX 365
- Page 1 and 2:
INTRODUCTION OPPORTUNITIES AND CHAL
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Forest law enforcement and governan
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■ Protecting vital local and glob
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Figure 3 Commitment from the World
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Figure 6 Regional Distribution of I
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management and biodiversity conserv
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PART I Priority Themes and Operatio
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Angelsen and Wunder 2003; and Malli
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harvesting forest products that are
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forest management and ownership hav
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Institutional development of capaci
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Contreras-Hermosilla, A., and M. Si
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Box 1.4 Poverty-Forest Linkages Too
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Box 1.6 An Overview of the Tools fo
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NOTE 1.2 Community-Based Forest Man
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the biophysical resource through fo
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Box 1.12 Andhra Pradesh Community F
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Box 1.14 Community Forestry in Mexi
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World Bank, 1978. Forestry. Sector
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[Indigenous Peoples’] rights of o
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inappropriate. Thus, development pr
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nity territory into individual plot
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LESSONS LEARNED AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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Borrini-Feyerabend, G., M. Pimbert,
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In what are considered public fores
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Figure 1.1 Toward Tenure Security:A
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Box 1.21 Opportunities to Advance C
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NOTE 1.5 Making Markets Work for th
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■ environmental groups to produce
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Box 1.25 Medicinal Plants as NTFPs
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CHAPTER 2 Engaging the Private Sect
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dred to tens of thousands of new jo
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Box 2.2 Since 1995, Brazilian small
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Macqueen, D., N. Armitage, M. Jaeck
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NOTE 2.1 COMPANY-COMMUNITY PARTNERS
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inputs (communities), and cost savi
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community arrangements, such as eth
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NOTE 2.2 Small and Medium Enterpris
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must be distinguished from products
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overregulation falls most heavily o
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da Amazônia (IPAM) and the Interna
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NOTE 2.3 Innovative Marketing Arran
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Table 2.2 World Bank Projects with
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payments for reforestation can enco
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Wunder, S. 2005. “Payments for En
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Box 3.1 Technical Definitions Wood
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Table 3.2 Wood Fuel Data for Select
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ered it important to have the World
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operations (such as community-based
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also needs to be extended in many c
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NOTE 3.1 Mainstreaming Conservation
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areas that can be used more intensi
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Box 3.7 Applying HCVF in Papua New
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Finally, any existing protections,
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However, these general rules are se
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the origin of products from a certi
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management practices in selected en
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Reforms) provide the framework for
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lenges to weak institutions, which
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CHAPTER 4 Optimizing Forest Functio
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People and human societies are seen
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Encourage stakeholder participation
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Box 4.5 Tradeoffs Framework Used in
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Sector and Thematic Evaluation, Ope
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Identify planning team members and
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Involve relevant stakeholders in de
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needs of implementing partners and
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NOTE 4.2 Assessing Outcomes of Land
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Box 4.13 Possible Indicators for As
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NOTE 4.3 Using Adaptive Management
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■ ■ ■ ■ Develop a project p
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Another important and useful proces
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theless, it is never too late to st
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CHAPTER 5 IMPROVING FOREST GOVERNAN
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Improving forest governance and leg
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tant part of the World Bank’s con
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sector with broader governance and
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NOTE 5.1 Decentralized Forest Manag
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Assess the overall decentralization
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Box 5.5 Nicaragua: Asymmetries Betw
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Parker, A. 1995. “Decentralizatio
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■ ■ ■ Management of forests (
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such as designing a transparent con
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Box 5.11 Citizen Report Cards: Benc
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NOTE 5.3 Strengthening Legal Framew
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Box 5.13 Working on the Law with La
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In addition, the process of public
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ANNEX 5.3B SIX DRAFTING PRINCIPLES
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forestry policy or to promote other
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The most common fiscal incentives i
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is reasonable to allow the administ
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ANNEX 5.4A A SUMMARY OF THE DIFFERE
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NOTE 5.5 ADDRESSING ILLEGAL LOGGING
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Box 5.17 Measures Specific to Comba
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■ ■ ■ initially have to compe
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enterprises may be motivated to joi
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NOTES 1. This note is based on Worl
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ANNEX 5.5B TYPICAL CONTEXTS OF ILLE
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Typical contexts Potential drivers
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Box 6.1 Indonesian Structural Adjus
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Box 6.2 Upstream Analyses on Energy
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Box 6.3 Positive Impact of Agrarian
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Box 6.4 Use of the Rapid CEA Approa
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———. 2005. “Development Pol
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NOTE 6.1 Using National Forest Prog
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Box 6.6 Basic Principles of NFP Pre
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Implementation. The implementation
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allow for each country’s differen
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limited in the coverage and duratio
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Box 6.12 The Use of DPLs to Support
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Box 6.13 Using DPLs in Lao PDR for
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OPCS. 2004. “Good Practice Notes
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OPERATIONAL ASPECTS Prioritizing th
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orientation of the DPL operations c
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Indicators are helpful in these sit
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ANNEX 6.3A SELECT TOOLS TO ASSIST S
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NOTE 6.4 Assessing Cross-Sectoral I
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Box 6.16 The Forests Component in t
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Considering the above issues, an in
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Box 6.19 Implementation of the Keny
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World Bank SEA Web resources: http:
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Box 7.1 Monitoring Promotes Changes
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collected via remote sensing rather
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Discussions and proposals on how to
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Assessment (www.millenniumassessmen
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FAO. 2004. “Manual for Environmen
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■ ■ ■ enables implementation
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selecting the technology. Technolog
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USFS Field Guides: www.fia.fs.fed.u
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Box 7.13 System Architecture of a S
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Box 7.14 FMIS in Bosnia and Herzego
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and client-rich system, which would
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ANNEX 7.2A MODEL TERMS OF REFERENCE
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
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NOTE 7.3 Spatial Monitoring of Fore
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■ ■ ■ ■ Availability of ref
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Box 7.19 Selecting the Appropriate
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Table 7.4 Existing Satellite Remote
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Tropical Ecosystem Environment Obse
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PART II Guidance on Implementing Fo
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forestry activities was counterprod
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waterways, or the quantity or quali
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ an independent
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■ In the case of forest harvestin
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■ ■ harvesting supported by Wor
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However, some of the World Bank’s
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Examine the
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Box 9.2 Participation Strategy To m
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Box 9.5 Process Framework for Invol
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Box 9.8 Market Analysis A market an
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“no-project” option); and recom
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Box 9.16 Environmental Management P
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
- Page 314 and 315: the detailed Biodiversidade Brasile
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- Page 319 and 320: CHAPTER 10 Consultation and Communi
- Page 321 and 322: media, NGOs, other interest groups,
- Page 323 and 324: Box 10.4 Consultation in the Democr
- Page 325 and 326: Box 10.6 Elements of Communication
- Page 327 and 328: Table 10.2 Listening to the Public
- Page 329 and 330: ■ - Preliminary research should i
- Page 331 and 332: Box 10.8 Managing Risks through Str
- Page 333 and 334: Bank project cycle related to Commu
- Page 335 and 336: CHAPTER 11 Forest Certification Ass
- Page 337 and 338: carried out under a specific certif
- Page 339 and 340: once more practical experience has
- Page 341 and 342: ANNEX 11A MODEL TERMS OF REFERENCE
- Page 343 and 344: ANNEX 11B PROCEDURES AND TERMS OF R
- Page 347 and 348: CHAPTER 12 Applying OP 4.10 on Indi
- Page 349 and 350: lack of opportunities relative to o
- Page 351 and 352: Box 12.2 When a project affects Ind
- Page 353 and 354: ples receive social and economic be
- Page 355 and 356: Bank’s supervision team must incl
- Page 357: ANNEX 12A ELEMENTS OF AN INDIGENOUS
- Page 360 and 361: forest monitoring, 275b social and
- Page 362 and 363: FOMAS. See National Forest Sector M
- Page 366 and 367: applying to Indigenous Peoples, 347
- Page 368 and 369: strategic partnership, LFI example,
- Page 372: Eco-Audit Environmental Benefits St