Forests Sourcebook - HCV Resource Network

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and client-rich system, which would also aid an organization (especially one new to the technology) in thinking “outside the box,” cannot be overstated. NOTES 1. Some World Bank client countries (the Russian Federation, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kazakhstan, Romania, and most all other Commonwealth of Independent States and Eastern European countries) operate like private companies because the governments own the forest and have their own enterprises (called Leskhozes in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Belarus, and Forest Management Units in Bosnia and Herzegovina) for management and harvesting operations. Thus, they are responsible for tactical as well as strategic planning. In Argentina, Chile, or Brazil, for example, where much of the productive forest is private, the public sector would, in fact, have less of a tactical role and would require mainly the strategic planning functions that a scaled-back FMIS would offer. Box 7.15 Private Consulting or Software Firms That Have Developed Turnkey FMIS or Major FMIS Components for Customization to User Needs Company Country Product Web Site American Forest U.S. Cypress, Harvest Scheduling Software http://www.americanforestmanagement.com Management Inc. Assisi Software U.S. Assisi Inventory,Assisi Compiler, http://www.assisisoft.com/ Assisi Forest,AI Object Library, AF Object Library Cengea Solutions Canada Woodlands - The System http://www.cengea.com Cuesta Systems Inc Canada TIMS http://www.cuestasys.com/ D.R. Systems Inc. Canada Phoenix, OPTIONS, SiLvIRR, http://www.drsystemsinc.com/ DRS INVENTORY System, Forest EcoSurvey Professional Force/Robak Canada IFMS, ForMAX, OperMAX, http://www.fra.nb.ca/ Associates Ltd. OP-Plan/CTS, FIS Geographic Dynamics Canada Volume Compilation System, http://www.gdc-online.com/index.htm Corp. SiteLogix, FloraLogix, CarbonLogix, Tactical Forest Planning Systems Indufor Oy Finland EnsoMOSAIC http://www.indufor.fi James W. Sewall Company U.S. WebFRIS http://www.jws.com LandMark Systems U.S. RTI http://www.landmarksystems.org/ Larson & McGowin, Inc. U.S. ForestPro Manager www.larsonmcgowin.com pcSKOG AB Sweden pcSKOG family of products http://www.pcskog.se/ Oy Arbonaut Ltd. Finland ARBNaut FDD www.arbonaut.com Remsoft Inc. Canada Woodstock, Spatial Woodstock, http://www.remsoft.com/ Stanley, Allocation Optimizer, Behave Savcor Group Ltd. Oy Finland MekaERP http://www.savcor.com/forest/ Silvics Solutions U.S. IFMS http://www.metsyssolutions.com/ Spatial Planning Systems Canada Patchworks http://www.spatial.ca/index.html WoodPlan Ltd. U.K. Amenity Tree, Forecasting and http://www.woodplan.co.uk/ Valuation, Operations Manager, Felled Timber, Prospect 3D For an alternate list of possible FMIS systems and components, see the Decision Support System Inventory developed by the U.S. National Commission on Science for Sustainable Forestry at http://ncseonline.org/NCSSF/ DSS/Documents/search/complete.cfm. Source: Robak and Kirmse 2007. 268 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT
2. For example, the Capability Maturity Model® for Software (SW-CMM®) or its process-focused successor CMMI are used by many organizations in software and process improvement projects. Information concerning SW-CMM and CMMI can be found online at http://www.sei.cmu .edu/cmm/, while other models and protocols can be found by searching online. 3. Programming language or “development environment,” database technology, special purpose programs, such as GIS, communication technology, and the hardware platforms. 4. This limits the usefulness of free and pirated databases and software. 5. Even if the initial cost of such a turnkey approach is higher, it may be more cost effective in the long term given the difficulty of maintaining a self-developed system in a bureaucracy that is likely to see a high turnover of skilled technical people. 6. The “plug-n-play” principle in large system design is one that says that the system should be built (and documented) in such a way that, as new, better technology components become available, the old component could be “unplugged” and the new one could be “plugged in” in a seamless manner. For example, the FMIS should be designed so that when a new forest inventory system becomes available, the developers of that new system would simply need to know the rules for exchanging data with other components (planning packages, GIS, and the like) and any other usage and security protocols, and develop an interface and “plug it in” to the FMIS. SOURCES OF HELP UN Food and Agriculture Organization. Mr. Magnus Grylle. Magnus.Grylle@fao.org. USFS. Mr. Chuck Liff. cliff@fs.fed.us. Forestry Tasmania. Dr. Martin Stone. Martin.Stone@ forestrytas.com.au. British Forestry Commission. SELECTED READINGS Bauer, M., T. Burk, A. Ek, and P. Bolstad. 2003. “Integrating Satellite Remote Sensing into Forest Inventory and Management.” Environmental Resources Spatial Analysis Center, College of Natural Resources, University of Minnesota. FAO. 2003. “A Case Study On: Computerized Forest Management Control and Forest Information Management System in India: An Application to Criteria and Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management.” FAO-Forestry Department Working Paper FM/23, Rome, Italy. Gallis, C., and E. W. Robak. 1997. “The Proposed Design for an Integrated Forest Management System for Greek Forestry.” Paper presented at the IUFRO 3.04 Conference on Planning and Control of Forest Operations for Sustainable Forest Management, Madrid, Spain, June 16–20. Jamnick, M., and E. W. Robak. 1996. “An Integrated Forestry Planning System.” Proceedings of the Workshop on Hierarchical Approaches to Forest Management in Public and Private Organizations. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 25–29. Petawawa National Forestry Institute Information Report PI-X-124, Canadian Forestry Service, 27–35. Kilgour, B. 1991. “FRIYR: An Integrated and Computerized System for Forest Management and Yield Regulation.” Proceedings of the Symposium on Integrated Forest Management Systems, Tsukuba, Japan, October 13–18. Robak, E. W. and R. Oborn. 2000. “Design of an Integrated Forest Management System for Madhya Pradesh: Towards Sustainable Forestry.” Invited presentation at the IUFRO XXXIII World Congress in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (unpublished, contact robak@unb.ca for an electronic copy). Robak, E. W., and B. Rama Murty. 1999. “Forest Management Information System (FMIS): An Integrated Approach for Forest Management.” GIS Development 3 (5):44–5. Robak, E.W., and R. Kirmse, 2007. “Forest Management Information Systems.” Note submitted to World Bank as input to Forests Sourcebook. Unpublished. World Bank, Washington, DC. Rondeux, J. 1991. “Management Information Systems: Emerging Tools for Integrated Forest Management.” Proceedings of the Symposium on Integrated Forest Management Systems, Tsukuba, Japan, October 13–18. Tieying, S., Y. Zhengzhong, Z. Yuejun, Z. Wenchao, and F. Xiulan. 1991. “A Prototype Decision Support System for A Selection-Forest Management.” Poster paper presented in the Symposium on Integrated Forest Management Systems, Tsukuba, Japan, October 13–18. NOTE 7.2: ESTABLISHING FOREST MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 269
Page 1 and 2:
INTRODUCTION OPPORTUNITIES AND CHAL
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Forest law enforcement and governan
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■ Protecting vital local and glob
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Figure 3 Commitment from the World
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Figure 6 Regional Distribution of I
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management and biodiversity conserv
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PART I Priority Themes and Operatio
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Angelsen and Wunder 2003; and Malli
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harvesting forest products that are
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forest management and ownership hav
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Institutional development of capaci
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Contreras-Hermosilla, A., and M. Si
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Box 1.4 Poverty-Forest Linkages Too
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Box 1.6 An Overview of the Tools fo
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NOTE 1.2 Community-Based Forest Man
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the biophysical resource through fo
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Box 1.12 Andhra Pradesh Community F
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Box 1.14 Community Forestry in Mexi
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World Bank, 1978. Forestry. Sector
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[Indigenous Peoples’] rights of o
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inappropriate. Thus, development pr
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nity territory into individual plot
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LESSONS LEARNED AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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Borrini-Feyerabend, G., M. Pimbert,
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In what are considered public fores
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Figure 1.1 Toward Tenure Security:A
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Box 1.21 Opportunities to Advance C
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NOTE 1.5 Making Markets Work for th
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■ environmental groups to produce
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Box 1.25 Medicinal Plants as NTFPs
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CHAPTER 2 Engaging the Private Sect
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dred to tens of thousands of new jo
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Box 2.2 Since 1995, Brazilian small
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Macqueen, D., N. Armitage, M. Jaeck
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NOTE 2.1 COMPANY-COMMUNITY PARTNERS
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inputs (communities), and cost savi
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community arrangements, such as eth
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NOTE 2.2 Small and Medium Enterpris
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must be distinguished from products
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overregulation falls most heavily o
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da Amazônia (IPAM) and the Interna
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NOTE 2.3 Innovative Marketing Arran
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Table 2.2 World Bank Projects with
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payments for reforestation can enco
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Wunder, S. 2005. “Payments for En
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Box 3.1 Technical Definitions Wood
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Table 3.2 Wood Fuel Data for Select
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ered it important to have the World
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operations (such as community-based
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also needs to be extended in many c
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NOTE 3.1 Mainstreaming Conservation
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areas that can be used more intensi
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Box 3.7 Applying HCVF in Papua New
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Finally, any existing protections,
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However, these general rules are se
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the origin of products from a certi
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management practices in selected en
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Reforms) provide the framework for
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lenges to weak institutions, which
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CHAPTER 4 Optimizing Forest Functio
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People and human societies are seen
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Encourage stakeholder participation
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Box 4.5 Tradeoffs Framework Used in
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Sector and Thematic Evaluation, Ope
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Identify planning team members and
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Involve relevant stakeholders in de
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needs of implementing partners and
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NOTE 4.2 Assessing Outcomes of Land
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Box 4.13 Possible Indicators for As
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NOTE 4.3 Using Adaptive Management
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■ ■ ■ ■ Develop a project p
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Another important and useful proces
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theless, it is never too late to st
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CHAPTER 5 IMPROVING FOREST GOVERNAN
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Improving forest governance and leg
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tant part of the World Bank’s con
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sector with broader governance and
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NOTE 5.1 Decentralized Forest Manag
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Assess the overall decentralization
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Box 5.5 Nicaragua: Asymmetries Betw
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Parker, A. 1995. “Decentralizatio
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■ ■ ■ Management of forests (
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such as designing a transparent con
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Box 5.11 Citizen Report Cards: Benc
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NOTE 5.3 Strengthening Legal Framew
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Box 5.13 Working on the Law with La
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In addition, the process of public
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ANNEX 5.3B SIX DRAFTING PRINCIPLES
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forestry policy or to promote other
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The most common fiscal incentives i
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is reasonable to allow the administ
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ANNEX 5.4A A SUMMARY OF THE DIFFERE
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NOTE 5.5 ADDRESSING ILLEGAL LOGGING
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Box 5.17 Measures Specific to Comba
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■ ■ ■ initially have to compe
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enterprises may be motivated to joi
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NOTES 1. This note is based on Worl
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ANNEX 5.5B TYPICAL CONTEXTS OF ILLE
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Typical contexts Potential drivers
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Box 6.1 Indonesian Structural Adjus
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Box 6.2 Upstream Analyses on Energy
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Box 6.3 Positive Impact of Agrarian
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Box 6.4 Use of the Rapid CEA Approa
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———. 2005. “Development Pol
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NOTE 6.1 Using National Forest Prog
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Box 6.6 Basic Principles of NFP Pre
Page 218 and 219: Implementation. The implementation
Page 220 and 221: allow for each country’s differen
Page 222 and 223: limited in the coverage and duratio
Page 224 and 225: Box 6.12 The Use of DPLs to Support
Page 226 and 227: Box 6.13 Using DPLs in Lao PDR for
Page 228 and 229: OPCS. 2004. “Good Practice Notes
Page 230 and 231: OPERATIONAL ASPECTS Prioritizing th
Page 232 and 233: orientation of the DPL operations c
Page 234 and 235: Indicators are helpful in these sit
Page 236 and 237: ANNEX 6.3A SELECT TOOLS TO ASSIST S
Page 238 and 239: NOTE 6.4 Assessing Cross-Sectoral I
Page 240 and 241: Box 6.16 The Forests Component in t
Page 242 and 243: Considering the above issues, an in
Page 244 and 245: Box 6.19 Implementation of the Keny
Page 246 and 247: World Bank SEA Web resources: http:
Page 248 and 249: Box 7.1 Monitoring Promotes Changes
Page 250 and 251: collected via remote sensing rather
Page 252 and 253: Discussions and proposals on how to
Page 254 and 255: Assessment (www.millenniumassessmen
Page 256 and 257: FAO. 2004. “Manual for Environmen
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Page 260 and 261: selecting the technology. Technolog
Page 262 and 263: USFS Field Guides: www.fia.fs.fed.u
Page 264 and 265: Box 7.13 System Architecture of a S
Page 266 and 267: Box 7.14 FMIS in Bosnia and Herzego
Page 270 and 271: ANNEX 7.2A MODEL TERMS OF REFERENCE
Page 272 and 273: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Page 274 and 275: NOTE 7.3 Spatial Monitoring of Fore
Page 276 and 277: ■ ■ ■ ■ Availability of ref
Page 278 and 279: Box 7.19 Selecting the Appropriate
Page 280 and 281: Table 7.4 Existing Satellite Remote
Page 282 and 283: Tropical Ecosystem Environment Obse
Page 285: PART II Guidance on Implementing Fo
Page 288 and 289: forestry activities was counterprod
Page 290 and 291: waterways, or the quantity or quali
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Page 294 and 295: ■ In the case of forest harvestin
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Page 298 and 299: However, some of the World Bank’s
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Page 302 and 303: Box 9.2 Participation Strategy To m
Page 304 and 305: Box 9.5 Process Framework for Invol
Page 306 and 307: Box 9.8 Market Analysis A market an
Page 308 and 309: “no-project” option); and recom
Page 310 and 311: Box 9.16 Environmental Management P
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Page 314 and 315: the detailed Biodiversidade Brasile
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CHAPTER 10 Consultation and Communi
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media, NGOs, other interest groups,
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Box 10.4 Consultation in the Democr
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Box 10.6 Elements of Communication
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Table 10.2 Listening to the Public
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■ - Preliminary research should i
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Box 10.8 Managing Risks through Str
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Bank project cycle related to Commu
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CHAPTER 11 Forest Certification Ass
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carried out under a specific certif
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once more practical experience has
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ANNEX 11A MODEL TERMS OF REFERENCE
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ANNEX 11B PROCEDURES AND TERMS OF R
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CHAPTER 12 Applying OP 4.10 on Indi
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lack of opportunities relative to o
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Box 12.2 When a project affects Ind
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ples receive social and economic be
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Bank’s supervision team must incl
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ANNEX 12A ELEMENTS OF AN INDIGENOUS
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forest monitoring, 275b social and
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FOMAS. See National Forest Sector M
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and forest certification, 335 toolk
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applying to Indigenous Peoples, 347
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strategic partnership, LFI example,
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Eco-Audit Environmental Benefits St
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