Forests Sourcebook - HCV Resource Network

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FAO. 2004. “Manual for Environmental and Economic Accounts for Forestry: A Tool for Cross-Sectoral Policy Analysis.” Working paper. FAO, Rome. Govil, K. 2006. “Monitoring Forest Sector Projects.” Note submitted to World Bank as input to Forests Sourcebook. Unpublished. World Bank, Washington, DC. Holmgren, P., and R. Persson. 2002. “Evolution and Prospects of Global Forest Assessments.” Unasylva 210 (53):3–9. Kleinn, C. 2002. “New Technologies and Methodologies for National Forest Inventories.” Unasylva 210 (53):10–15. http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4001e/Y4001E03.htm# P0_0. Lampietti, J. 2004. “Power’s Promise: Electricity Reforms in Eastern Europe and Central Asia.” Working Paper No. 40. World Bank, Washington, DC. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. 2003. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: A Framework For Assessment. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Series. Washington, DC: Island Press. http://www.ecodes.org/pages/areas/salud_ medioambiente/documentos/ecosystems_human_well being.pdf. Noguerón, R., and F. Stolle. 2007. “Spatial Monitoring of Forests.” Note submitted to the World Bank as input to Forests Sourcebook. World Bank, Washington, DC. Thuresson, T. 2002. “Value of Low-Intensity Field Sampling in National Forest Inventories.” Unasylva 210 (53):19–23. http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y4001e/Y4001E05 .htm#P0_0 Tomppo, E., and R. L. Czaplewski. 2002. “Potential for a Remote-Sensing-Aided Forest Resource Survey for the Whole Globe.” Unasylva 210 (53):16–19. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2007. “Monitoring Forests from Space: Quantifying Forest Change by Using Satellite Data.” PNW Science Findings 89:1–6. CROSS-REFERENCED CHAPTERS AND NOTES Chapter 1: Forests for Poverty Reduction, and associated notes Note 5.5: Addressing Illegal Logging Note 6.3: Identifying the Need for Analysis on Forests in Development Policy Reforms 256 CHAPTER 7: MONITORING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS FOR FOREST MANAGEMENT
NOTE 7.1 National Forest Inventories Abasic element of planning and efficient investments in the forest sector is an inventory of forest resources. In several countries, the basic countrywide information on the current state of forests and other ecosystems is inadequate, fragmentary, or outdated—or all three. Often the existing data at the national level are speculative and largely based on reconnaissance-type inventories and unrealistic assumptions about forest production and the impact of human activities on the resource base. In many countries, reliable estimates of forest and ecosystem resources, consumption rate, and real economic potential are still lacking. In such contexts, the awareness of forest values is low. The rates by which forest ecosystems change over time and the overall distribution of the lands supporting them is not precisely known. Furthermore, institutions for ensuring continued monitoring are weak and can require capacity building and access to current technology to facilitate inventory. Implementation of national forest programs (see note 6.1, Using National Forest Programs to Mainstream Forest Issues) and national forest assessments requires monitoring to contribute to and guide the planning and implementation of forestry and natural resources–related programs and projects. An up-to-date national forest inventory provides numerous benefits (see box 7.6), including the following: ■ ■ makes possible the calculation of the value of forest assets and monitoring of degradation and restoration trends, thereby enabling (i) improved decision making on forestrelated public expenditure and revenue policies; (ii) improved understanding of the role of forests in past, current, and future national income accounts; (iii) improved environmental and governance management; and (iv) national reporting on important international conventions; improves the required planning and monitoring of the forest estate; Box 7.6 Motivation for Forest Inventory in Bosnia and Herzegovina A World Bank intervention in the forest sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina revisited the project’s inventory component and requested approval for allocating additional resources to this component because both the government and the World Bank appreciated the importance of this activity for effective forest management. The initial efforts to undertake an inventory resulted in an increased focus on management for nontimber forest products (NTFPs), recreation, hunting, and tourism. These have the potential to significantly increase revenues on state and private forest lands. Currently, for each cubic meter of wood extracted (worth about US$50), forest enterprises earn only about US$1 on NTFPs, including recreation and tourism. This 50:1 ratio compares unfavorably to a 50:50 ratio (timber to NTFP) in Austria. Hence, there is much room for improvement. Likewise, measures to reduce illegal activities in the forests, to instill good management and planning practices (that is, FMIS), and to certify forests and promote log tracking schemes would help to open the European Union market to Bosnian wood products, and thereby enable Bosnia and Herzegovina to obtain higher prices. Currently, Bosnian timber is locked out of portions of the export market because major buyers, such as IKEA, have adapted procurement policies that require good management and SFM certification. Forests inventories are a central component of FMIS (see note 7.2, Establishing Forest Management Information Systems). Source: World Bank 2003. 257
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INTRODUCTION OPPORTUNITIES AND CHAL
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Forest law enforcement and governan
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■ Protecting vital local and glob
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Figure 3 Commitment from the World
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Figure 6 Regional Distribution of I
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management and biodiversity conserv
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PART I Priority Themes and Operatio
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Angelsen and Wunder 2003; and Malli
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harvesting forest products that are
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forest management and ownership hav
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Institutional development of capaci
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Contreras-Hermosilla, A., and M. Si
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Box 1.4 Poverty-Forest Linkages Too
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Box 1.6 An Overview of the Tools fo
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NOTE 1.2 Community-Based Forest Man
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the biophysical resource through fo
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Box 1.12 Andhra Pradesh Community F
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Box 1.14 Community Forestry in Mexi
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World Bank, 1978. Forestry. Sector
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[Indigenous Peoples’] rights of o
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inappropriate. Thus, development pr
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nity territory into individual plot
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LESSONS LEARNED AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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Borrini-Feyerabend, G., M. Pimbert,
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In what are considered public fores
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Figure 1.1 Toward Tenure Security:A
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Box 1.21 Opportunities to Advance C
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NOTE 1.5 Making Markets Work for th
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■ environmental groups to produce
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Box 1.25 Medicinal Plants as NTFPs
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CHAPTER 2 Engaging the Private Sect
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dred to tens of thousands of new jo
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Box 2.2 Since 1995, Brazilian small
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Macqueen, D., N. Armitage, M. Jaeck
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NOTE 2.1 COMPANY-COMMUNITY PARTNERS
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inputs (communities), and cost savi
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community arrangements, such as eth
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NOTE 2.2 Small and Medium Enterpris
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must be distinguished from products
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overregulation falls most heavily o
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da Amazônia (IPAM) and the Interna
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NOTE 2.3 Innovative Marketing Arran
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Table 2.2 World Bank Projects with
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payments for reforestation can enco
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Wunder, S. 2005. “Payments for En
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Box 3.1 Technical Definitions Wood
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Table 3.2 Wood Fuel Data for Select
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ered it important to have the World
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operations (such as community-based
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also needs to be extended in many c
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NOTE 3.1 Mainstreaming Conservation
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areas that can be used more intensi
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Box 3.7 Applying HCVF in Papua New
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Finally, any existing protections,
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However, these general rules are se
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the origin of products from a certi
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management practices in selected en
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Reforms) provide the framework for
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lenges to weak institutions, which
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CHAPTER 4 Optimizing Forest Functio
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People and human societies are seen
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Encourage stakeholder participation
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Box 4.5 Tradeoffs Framework Used in
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Sector and Thematic Evaluation, Ope
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Identify planning team members and
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Involve relevant stakeholders in de
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needs of implementing partners and
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NOTE 4.2 Assessing Outcomes of Land
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Box 4.13 Possible Indicators for As
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NOTE 4.3 Using Adaptive Management
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■ ■ ■ ■ Develop a project p
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Another important and useful proces
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theless, it is never too late to st
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CHAPTER 5 IMPROVING FOREST GOVERNAN
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Improving forest governance and leg
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tant part of the World Bank’s con
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sector with broader governance and
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NOTE 5.1 Decentralized Forest Manag
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Assess the overall decentralization
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Box 5.5 Nicaragua: Asymmetries Betw
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Parker, A. 1995. “Decentralizatio
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■ ■ ■ Management of forests (
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such as designing a transparent con
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Box 5.11 Citizen Report Cards: Benc
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NOTE 5.3 Strengthening Legal Framew
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Box 5.13 Working on the Law with La
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In addition, the process of public
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ANNEX 5.3B SIX DRAFTING PRINCIPLES
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forestry policy or to promote other
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The most common fiscal incentives i
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is reasonable to allow the administ
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ANNEX 5.4A A SUMMARY OF THE DIFFERE
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NOTE 5.5 ADDRESSING ILLEGAL LOGGING
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Box 5.17 Measures Specific to Comba
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■ ■ ■ initially have to compe
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enterprises may be motivated to joi
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NOTES 1. This note is based on Worl
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ANNEX 5.5B TYPICAL CONTEXTS OF ILLE
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Typical contexts Potential drivers
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Box 6.1 Indonesian Structural Adjus
Page 206 and 207: Box 6.2 Upstream Analyses on Energy
Page 208 and 209: Box 6.3 Positive Impact of Agrarian
Page 210 and 211: Box 6.4 Use of the Rapid CEA Approa
Page 212 and 213: ———. 2005. “Development Pol
Page 214 and 215: NOTE 6.1 Using National Forest Prog
Page 216 and 217: Box 6.6 Basic Principles of NFP Pre
Page 218 and 219: Implementation. The implementation
Page 220 and 221: allow for each country’s differen
Page 222 and 223: limited in the coverage and duratio
Page 224 and 225: Box 6.12 The Use of DPLs to Support
Page 226 and 227: Box 6.13 Using DPLs in Lao PDR for
Page 228 and 229: OPCS. 2004. “Good Practice Notes
Page 230 and 231: OPERATIONAL ASPECTS Prioritizing th
Page 232 and 233: orientation of the DPL operations c
Page 234 and 235: Indicators are helpful in these sit
Page 236 and 237: ANNEX 6.3A SELECT TOOLS TO ASSIST S
Page 238 and 239: NOTE 6.4 Assessing Cross-Sectoral I
Page 240 and 241: Box 6.16 The Forests Component in t
Page 242 and 243: Considering the above issues, an in
Page 244 and 245: Box 6.19 Implementation of the Keny
Page 246 and 247: World Bank SEA Web resources: http:
Page 248 and 249: Box 7.1 Monitoring Promotes Changes
Page 250 and 251: collected via remote sensing rather
Page 252 and 253: Discussions and proposals on how to
Page 254 and 255: Assessment (www.millenniumassessmen
Page 258 and 259: ■ ■ ■ enables implementation
Page 260 and 261: selecting the technology. Technolog
Page 262 and 263: USFS Field Guides: www.fia.fs.fed.u
Page 264 and 265: Box 7.13 System Architecture of a S
Page 266 and 267: Box 7.14 FMIS in Bosnia and Herzego
Page 268 and 269: and client-rich system, which would
Page 270 and 271: ANNEX 7.2A MODEL TERMS OF REFERENCE
Page 272 and 273: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Page 274 and 275: NOTE 7.3 Spatial Monitoring of Fore
Page 276 and 277: ■ ■ ■ ■ Availability of ref
Page 278 and 279: Box 7.19 Selecting the Appropriate
Page 280 and 281: Table 7.4 Existing Satellite Remote
Page 282 and 283: Tropical Ecosystem Environment Obse
Page 285: PART II Guidance on Implementing Fo
Page 288 and 289: forestry activities was counterprod
Page 290 and 291: waterways, or the quantity or quali
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Page 294 and 295: ■ In the case of forest harvestin
Page 296 and 297: ■ ■ harvesting supported by Wor
Page 298 and 299: However, some of the World Bank’s
Page 300 and 301: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Examine the
Page 302 and 303: Box 9.2 Participation Strategy To m
Page 304 and 305: Box 9.5 Process Framework for Invol
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Box 9.8 Market Analysis A market an
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“no-project” option); and recom
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Box 9.16 Environmental Management P
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
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the detailed Biodiversidade Brasile
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■ ■ management plan—prepared
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CHAPTER 10 Consultation and Communi
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media, NGOs, other interest groups,
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Box 10.4 Consultation in the Democr
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Box 10.6 Elements of Communication
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Table 10.2 Listening to the Public
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■ - Preliminary research should i
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Box 10.8 Managing Risks through Str
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Bank project cycle related to Commu
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CHAPTER 11 Forest Certification Ass
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carried out under a specific certif
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once more practical experience has
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ANNEX 11A MODEL TERMS OF REFERENCE
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ANNEX 11B PROCEDURES AND TERMS OF R
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CHAPTER 12 Applying OP 4.10 on Indi
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lack of opportunities relative to o
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Box 12.2 When a project affects Ind
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ples receive social and economic be
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Bank’s supervision team must incl
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ANNEX 12A ELEMENTS OF AN INDIGENOUS
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forest monitoring, 275b social and
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FOMAS. See National Forest Sector M
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and forest certification, 335 toolk
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applying to Indigenous Peoples, 347
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strategic partnership, LFI example,
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Eco-Audit Environmental Benefits St
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