Forests Sourcebook - HCV Resource Network

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World Bank SEA Web resources: http://go.worldbank.org/ AMVQSQV7G0. SEA Toolkit: http://go.worldbank.org/ XIVZ1WF880. World Bank CEA Web resources: http://go.worldbank.org/OJM2I7S3L0. CEA Toolkit: http://go.worldbank.org/Z3F3QDPEF0. REFERENCES CITED Ahmed, K., F. Loayza, and M. Mani. 2006. “Tools for Due Diligence.” Note submitted to World Bank as input to Forests Sourcebook. Unpublished. World Bank. Washington, DC. Ministry of the Environment and Forestry. 2003. “Etude Sectorielle des Impacts Sociaux et Environnement Aux du PSFE.” Final Report, Republic of Cameroon, E937, April 1. OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2006. Applying Strategic Environmental Assessment: Good Practice Guidance For Development Co-Operation. DAC Guidelines and Reference Series. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/4/21/37353858.pdf. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), UNEP (United Nations Environment Program), IIED (International Institute for Environment and Development), IUCN (The World Conservation Union), and the World Resources Institute. 2005. “Assessing Environment’s Contribution to Poverty Reduction.” UNDP, New York. World Bank. 2002. Making Sustainable Commitments. An Environmental Strategy for the World Bank. Washington, DC: World Bank. ———. 2007. “Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Kenya Forests Act 2005.” Agriculture and Rural Development Department. World Bank, Washington, DC. CROSS-REFERENCED CHAPTERS AND NOTES Note 1.2: Community-Based Forest Management Note 1.3: Indigenous Peoples and Forests Note 1.4: Property and Access Rights Note 2.1: Community-Private Partnerships Note 5.2: Reforming Forest Institutions Note 5.4: Strengthening Fiscal Systems in the Forestry Sector 246 CHAPTER 6: MAINSTREAMING FORESTS INTO DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND PLANNING
CHAPTER 7 Monitoring and Information Systems for Forest Management Information and monitoring systems for the forest sector are instrumental for effective policies and planning, prioritizing interventions, valuation of forest resources, efficient investments, and engendering accountability. Relevant forest information that is systematically and periodically collected can enable effective implementation of policies, inform decision making, and guide management (see box 7.1). Current and accurate information on forests also can help raise the profile of the sector and increase awareness of forest resources’ potential. Abundant evidence points to how inadequate information on forests and weak monitoring capacity have resulted in poor forest policies, planning, and management; hampered efforts to reduce illegal and unsustainable extraction of forest resources and improve transparency; and resulted in undervaluation of forest resources. Such conditions, in turn, contribute to continuous decline in area, health, stock, and flows of forest resources. Emerging financing opportunities for sustainable forest management under the climate change agenda will require effective systems for monitoring forest cover and carbon emissions and additional information on the resource base and drivers of change. More specifically, efforts to enhance the contribution of forests to reducing carbon emissions (through reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation [REDD] initiatives) will require participating countries to establish a credible reference scenario on REDD based on methodological guidance from the UN Framework Commission on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Most likely this will require assessments of historical emission quantities and trends and establishment of a forest resource database. The assessments of historical emissions and trends can help identify a reference scenario. REDD pilot projects will be undertaken between 2008 and 2012 with the hope that REDD will be endorsed in the post-Kyoto climate protocol. Any country selected for the pilot initiative will have to design and implement a system that effectively monitors and verifies its REDD. Payment for environmental services from forests requires that these services be properly valued, which, in turn, requires that the forest resource base and other resources (water, soil, and the like) be appropriately monitored. Such forest information and monitoring can also improve knowledge about the relationship between forests and other environmental services and facilitate opportunities to generate multiple benefits from forest resources. For example, ongoing discussions on the role of forests in climate change and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) have stimulated efforts to include biodiversity benefits as a consideration when identifying forest sites for REDD. Information on forest cover and other relevant environmental benefits would assist in identifying forest areas with multiple benefits. Better and more timely inventories and broader information collection on forest resources enables planning and implementing sustainable productive use of resources, including determining allowable cut and plantation and natural forest management. Information on forest use is needed for monitoring changes in the resource base and 247
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INTRODUCTION OPPORTUNITIES AND CHAL
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Forest law enforcement and governan
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■ Protecting vital local and glob
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Figure 3 Commitment from the World
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Figure 6 Regional Distribution of I
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management and biodiversity conserv
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PART I Priority Themes and Operatio
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Angelsen and Wunder 2003; and Malli
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harvesting forest products that are
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forest management and ownership hav
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Institutional development of capaci
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Contreras-Hermosilla, A., and M. Si
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Box 1.4 Poverty-Forest Linkages Too
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Box 1.6 An Overview of the Tools fo
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NOTE 1.2 Community-Based Forest Man
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the biophysical resource through fo
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Box 1.12 Andhra Pradesh Community F
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Box 1.14 Community Forestry in Mexi
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World Bank, 1978. Forestry. Sector
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[Indigenous Peoples’] rights of o
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inappropriate. Thus, development pr
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nity territory into individual plot
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LESSONS LEARNED AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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Borrini-Feyerabend, G., M. Pimbert,
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In what are considered public fores
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Figure 1.1 Toward Tenure Security:A
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Box 1.21 Opportunities to Advance C
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NOTE 1.5 Making Markets Work for th
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■ environmental groups to produce
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Box 1.25 Medicinal Plants as NTFPs
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CHAPTER 2 Engaging the Private Sect
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dred to tens of thousands of new jo
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Box 2.2 Since 1995, Brazilian small
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Macqueen, D., N. Armitage, M. Jaeck
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NOTE 2.1 COMPANY-COMMUNITY PARTNERS
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inputs (communities), and cost savi
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community arrangements, such as eth
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NOTE 2.2 Small and Medium Enterpris
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must be distinguished from products
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overregulation falls most heavily o
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da Amazônia (IPAM) and the Interna
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NOTE 2.3 Innovative Marketing Arran
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Table 2.2 World Bank Projects with
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payments for reforestation can enco
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Wunder, S. 2005. “Payments for En
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Box 3.1 Technical Definitions Wood
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Table 3.2 Wood Fuel Data for Select
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ered it important to have the World
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operations (such as community-based
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also needs to be extended in many c
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NOTE 3.1 Mainstreaming Conservation
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areas that can be used more intensi
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Box 3.7 Applying HCVF in Papua New
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Finally, any existing protections,
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However, these general rules are se
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the origin of products from a certi
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management practices in selected en
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Reforms) provide the framework for
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lenges to weak institutions, which
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CHAPTER 4 Optimizing Forest Functio
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People and human societies are seen
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Encourage stakeholder participation
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Box 4.5 Tradeoffs Framework Used in
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Sector and Thematic Evaluation, Ope
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Identify planning team members and
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Involve relevant stakeholders in de
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needs of implementing partners and
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NOTE 4.2 Assessing Outcomes of Land
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Box 4.13 Possible Indicators for As
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NOTE 4.3 Using Adaptive Management
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■ ■ ■ ■ Develop a project p
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Another important and useful proces
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theless, it is never too late to st
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CHAPTER 5 IMPROVING FOREST GOVERNAN
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Improving forest governance and leg
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tant part of the World Bank’s con
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sector with broader governance and
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NOTE 5.1 Decentralized Forest Manag
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Assess the overall decentralization
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Box 5.5 Nicaragua: Asymmetries Betw
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Parker, A. 1995. “Decentralizatio
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■ ■ ■ Management of forests (
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such as designing a transparent con
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Box 5.11 Citizen Report Cards: Benc
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NOTE 5.3 Strengthening Legal Framew
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Box 5.13 Working on the Law with La
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In addition, the process of public
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ANNEX 5.3B SIX DRAFTING PRINCIPLES
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forestry policy or to promote other
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The most common fiscal incentives i
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is reasonable to allow the administ
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ANNEX 5.4A A SUMMARY OF THE DIFFERE
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NOTE 5.5 ADDRESSING ILLEGAL LOGGING
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Box 5.17 Measures Specific to Comba
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■ ■ ■ initially have to compe
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Page 197 and 198: NOTES 1. This note is based on Worl
Page 199 and 200: ANNEX 5.5B TYPICAL CONTEXTS OF ILLE
Page 201: Typical contexts Potential drivers
Page 204 and 205: Box 6.1 Indonesian Structural Adjus
Page 206 and 207: Box 6.2 Upstream Analyses on Energy
Page 208 and 209: Box 6.3 Positive Impact of Agrarian
Page 210 and 211: Box 6.4 Use of the Rapid CEA Approa
Page 212 and 213: ———. 2005. “Development Pol
Page 214 and 215: NOTE 6.1 Using National Forest Prog
Page 216 and 217: Box 6.6 Basic Principles of NFP Pre
Page 218 and 219: Implementation. The implementation
Page 220 and 221: allow for each country’s differen
Page 222 and 223: limited in the coverage and duratio
Page 224 and 225: Box 6.12 The Use of DPLs to Support
Page 226 and 227: Box 6.13 Using DPLs in Lao PDR for
Page 228 and 229: OPCS. 2004. “Good Practice Notes
Page 230 and 231: OPERATIONAL ASPECTS Prioritizing th
Page 232 and 233: orientation of the DPL operations c
Page 234 and 235: Indicators are helpful in these sit
Page 236 and 237: ANNEX 6.3A SELECT TOOLS TO ASSIST S
Page 238 and 239: NOTE 6.4 Assessing Cross-Sectoral I
Page 240 and 241: Box 6.16 The Forests Component in t
Page 242 and 243: Considering the above issues, an in
Page 244 and 245: Box 6.19 Implementation of the Keny
Page 248 and 249: Box 7.1 Monitoring Promotes Changes
Page 250 and 251: collected via remote sensing rather
Page 252 and 253: Discussions and proposals on how to
Page 254 and 255: Assessment (www.millenniumassessmen
Page 256 and 257: FAO. 2004. “Manual for Environmen
Page 258 and 259: ■ ■ ■ enables implementation
Page 260 and 261: selecting the technology. Technolog
Page 262 and 263: USFS Field Guides: www.fia.fs.fed.u
Page 264 and 265: Box 7.13 System Architecture of a S
Page 266 and 267: Box 7.14 FMIS in Bosnia and Herzego
Page 268 and 269: and client-rich system, which would
Page 270 and 271: ANNEX 7.2A MODEL TERMS OF REFERENCE
Page 272 and 273: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Page 274 and 275: NOTE 7.3 Spatial Monitoring of Fore
Page 276 and 277: ■ ■ ■ ■ Availability of ref
Page 278 and 279: Box 7.19 Selecting the Appropriate
Page 280 and 281: Table 7.4 Existing Satellite Remote
Page 282 and 283: Tropical Ecosystem Environment Obse
Page 285: PART II Guidance on Implementing Fo
Page 288 and 289: forestry activities was counterprod
Page 290 and 291: waterways, or the quantity or quali
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Page 294 and 295: ■ In the case of forest harvestin
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■ ■ harvesting supported by Wor
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However, some of the World Bank’s
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Examine the
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Box 9.2 Participation Strategy To m
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Box 9.5 Process Framework for Invol
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Box 9.8 Market Analysis A market an
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“no-project” option); and recom
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Box 9.16 Environmental Management P
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■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
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the detailed Biodiversidade Brasile
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■ ■ management plan—prepared
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CHAPTER 10 Consultation and Communi
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media, NGOs, other interest groups,
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Box 10.4 Consultation in the Democr
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Box 10.6 Elements of Communication
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Table 10.2 Listening to the Public
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■ - Preliminary research should i
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Box 10.8 Managing Risks through Str
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Bank project cycle related to Commu
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CHAPTER 11 Forest Certification Ass
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carried out under a specific certif
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once more practical experience has
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ANNEX 11A MODEL TERMS OF REFERENCE
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ANNEX 11B PROCEDURES AND TERMS OF R
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CHAPTER 12 Applying OP 4.10 on Indi
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lack of opportunities relative to o
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Box 12.2 When a project affects Ind
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ples receive social and economic be
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Bank’s supervision team must incl
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ANNEX 12A ELEMENTS OF AN INDIGENOUS
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forest monitoring, 275b social and
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FOMAS. See National Forest Sector M
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and forest certification, 335 toolk
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applying to Indigenous Peoples, 347
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strategic partnership, LFI example,
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Eco-Audit Environmental Benefits St
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