Forests Sourcebook - HCV Resource Network

ANNEX 6.3A
SELECT TOOLS TO ASSIST SCOPING OF CROSS-SECTORAL IMPACTS
The information in this annex is based on prior work done
by Iannariello et al. (1999).
Checklists
A checklist can assist in determining the effects that are
likely to apply (table 6.3). This tool can be particularly useful
if the list is focused on the most common and significant
effects. The assessment team should review the checklist and
provide a description and analysis of the relevant items.
Matrices
A matrix can assist in providing a clear summary of a qualitative
review or an assessment, and can be easily used for
comparing the various reforms and reform scenarios (table
6.4). The matrix can include such factors as direction of
change, the severity or magnitude of the impact, reversibility,
probability, duration, and potential mitigation measures. A
matrix can be qualitative and descriptive or include quantitative
information. Quantitative matrices rely on scoring techniques
or other standardized measures that assess various factors
such as the strength of environmental institutions.
Networks
Networks are diagrams that illustrate both the direct and
indirect relationships between policies and the environment.
Networks can show the sequences of causes and
effects moving through the economic, social, and political
spheres, and thus provide a useful tool for selecting points
of entry. Quantitative networks can be translated into mathematical
models for simulation purposes. Mathematical
approaches can be useful when the assessment requires simple
calculations with large data sets, when there are complex
links among the elements, when processes are time dependent,
or when the relationship can only be defined in terms
of statistical probabilities.
Table 6.3
Sample Checklist for Devaluation
Effect Probable Investigated
Agricultural land (opening or abandonment) x x
Land degradation (increase or decrease)
Logging and extraction of natural resources (increase or decrease)
x
Industrial pollution (increase or decrease) x x
Water use (increase or decrease)
Energy use (increase or decrease) x x
Encroachment on protected area (increase or decrease) x x
Wildlands and forests (increase or decrease)
Source: Iannariello et al 1999.
Table 6.4
Sample Qualitative Matrix for Devaluation
Effect Direction Time frame Reversible Probability Legal recourse
Land use Negative Long-term No High Weak
Water use Positive Medium-term Yes Medium Weak
Greenhouse gas emissions Negative Long-term Yes High Medium
Source: Iannariello et al 1999.
236 CHAPTER 6: MAINSTREAMING FORESTS INTO DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND PLANNING