Forests Sourcebook - HCV Resource Network
Forests Sourcebook - HCV Resource Network Forests Sourcebook - HCV Resource Network
allow for each country’s different environmental, economic, and sociopolitical settings, while at the same time enabling objective summary conclusions about the NFP concept’s progress and impact. NOTES 1. Most notably, the TFAPs, as implemented throughout the 1980s, and Forestry Master Plans. By the mid-1990s, TFAPs had been discontinued. 2. National sovereignty and country leadership; consistency with the constitutional and legal frameworks of each country; consistency with international agreements and commitments; partnership and participation of all interested parties in the NFP process; holistic and intersectoral approach to forest development and conservation; longterm and iterative process of planning, implementation, and monitoring (Six-Country Initiative 1999). 3. National forest statement; sector review; policy, legislative, and institutional reform; strategy development; action plan; investment program; capacity-building program; monitoring and evaluation system; coordination; and participatory mechanisms, including conflict-resolution schemes. 4. For example, the Montreal Process, the Tarapoto Proposal, and the like. SELECTED READINGS In recent years, information about forest sector development, strategic forest sector planning, sustainable forest management, and the use of NFPs as implementation frameworks has multiplied at a startling rate. Concept papers, country reports, conference proceedings, and workshop presentations create a mind-numbing barrage of information. For quick reference and for keeping up with the dynamic development of the international forest regime as it continues to expand, online references may be the most convenient source of information. Here, the reader enjoys the benefit of regularly updated and selective reading. European Tropical Forest Research Network. 2004. ETFRN News 41/42—National Forest Programs. FAO National Forest Programme Facility: NFP Digests and Online Information Resource, available at http://www .nfp-facility.org. Geller, S., and R. McConnell. 2006. “Linking National Forest Programs and Poverty Reduction Strategies.” Unasylva 225 (57): 56–62. Geller, S., and F. Owino. 2002. “Qualitative Assessment of National Forest Programs.” LTS International, Edinburgh, Scotland. Available at http://www.fao.org/docrep/ 009/a0970e/a0970e13.htm. Online resources provided by the United Nations Forum on Forests. Available at http://www.un.org/esa/forests/ index.html. Online resources provided by the Global Forest Information Service. Available at http://www.gfis.net. REFERENCES CITED Adata, M., S. Geller, R. McConnell, and G. Tumushabe. 2006. “Linking National Forest Programmes and Poverty Reduction Strategies.” Report of FAO mission to Uganda 3 March 2006, Forestry Policy and Institutions Services, Forestry Department, FAO, Rome, Italy. Geller, S., and R. McConnell. 2006. “Linking National Forest Programs and Poverty Reduction Strategies.” Unasylva 225 (57): 56–62. MWLE (Ministry of Water, Lands & Environment), 2002. “National Forest Programme.” Kampala, Uganda. Sepp, C. 2006. “National Forest Programmes and Forestrelated Multilateral Environmental Agreements.” Note submitted to World Bank as input to Forests Sourcebook. Unpublished. World Bank, Washington, DC. Six-Country Initiative. 1999. “Practitioner’s Guide to the Implementation of the IPF Proposals for Action.” Prepared in Support of the UN ad-hoc Intergovernmental Forum on Forests (IFF). Second revised edition, Secretariat of the Six-Country Initiative, GTZ/TWRP, Eschborn. CROSS-REFERENCED CHAPTERS AND NOTES Chapter 5: Improving Forest Governance. Note 5.1, Decentralized Forest Management, and 5.3, Strengthening Legal Frameworks in the Forest Sector. 220 CHAPTER 6: MAINSTREAMING FORESTS INTO DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND PLANNING
NOTE 6.2 Prospects for Using Policy Lending to Proactively Enable Forest Sector Reforms At first glance, policy lending instruments (for example, DPLs and poverty reduction support credits [PRSCs]) seem well-suited to achieving basic reforms in forests. Forests, like all natural resources, are public goods and need to be managed in the interests of local people, the country, and the global environment. Effective management of forest resources involves difficult choices and reforms ranging from reshaping and enforcing taxation regimes (see note 5.4, Strengthening Fiscal Systems in the Forest Sector), curbing illegal logging (see note 5.5, Addressing Illegal Logging and Other Forest Crime), restoring the traditional rights of local populations (see chapter 12, Applying OP 4.10 on Indigenous Peoples), closing down parastatals, and reforming institutions (see note 5.2, Reforming Forest Institutions). Despite this, there are mixed opinions in the World Bank on the effectiveness of using policy loans (versus investment loans) to address sectoral reforms in forest sector. There is no current consistent case evidence from Bank activities to support an unambiguous conclusion on this matter. This note presents key principles to consider when addressing forest sector reform through Development Policy Lending (DPL). OPERATIONAL ASPECTS Coordination between analytical and lending activities. Independent of whether a policy lending instrument 1 is used to address forest sector reform, upstream analytical work, the development policy loan, and sectoral investments need to be coordinated so as to make the best use of the capacities of each of these instruments to bring about needed changes (see box 6.9). 2 Such coordination is especially critical where forests are both significant (important for economic revenue, poverty alleviation, and environmental services) and vulnerable to cross-sectoral impacts. Upstream analysis is a way to improve the World Bank’s ability to identify the appropriate sectoral reforms (or priorities) and, where relevant, anticipate and address potentially adverse forest impacts resulting from key sectoral and cross-sectoral macro policy reforms. This requires allocation of human and financial resources. In addition, it is important to integrate upstream analysis into ongoing work for PRSPs, CASs, and other Bank activities. Development policy loans are usually issued in a single tranche, and consist of quick-disbursing assistance that can help restore balance of payments equilibria (and as such, are Box 6.9 Mexico Environmental SAL: Making It Work In an environmental structural adjustment operation in Mexico (Mexico Environmental Structural Adjustment Loan [ENVSAL] fiscal 2004), the objective was to mainstream environmental issues into key economic sectors. The policy loan was seen as effective in achieving its objective. It involved establishing a functioning intersectoral technical working group for each of the key sectors (water, energy, forestry, and tourism). The ENVSAL complemented investment loans that were focused on specific sectors. In the case of forestry, it was linked with the investment loan on community forestry and focused on complementary policy measures and fiscal instruments to enhance sustainability and betterment of livelihoods. A shortcoming of the Mexico ENVSAL is that the number of conditionalities was high and the triggers covered a broad range of developmental areas, which raised supervision and transaction costs significantly. Source: Authors’ compilation. 221
- Page 169 and 170: such as designing a transparent con
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- Page 175 and 176: Box 5.13 Working on the Law with La
- Page 177 and 178: In addition, the process of public
- Page 179 and 180: ANNEX 5.3B SIX DRAFTING PRINCIPLES
- Page 181 and 182: forestry policy or to promote other
- Page 183 and 184: The most common fiscal incentives i
- Page 185 and 186: is reasonable to allow the administ
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- Page 189 and 190: NOTE 5.5 ADDRESSING ILLEGAL LOGGING
- Page 191 and 192: Box 5.17 Measures Specific to Comba
- Page 193 and 194: ■ ■ ■ initially have to compe
- Page 195 and 196: enterprises may be motivated to joi
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- Page 201: Typical contexts Potential drivers
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- Page 206 and 207: Box 6.2 Upstream Analyses on Energy
- Page 208 and 209: Box 6.3 Positive Impact of Agrarian
- Page 210 and 211: Box 6.4 Use of the Rapid CEA Approa
- Page 212 and 213: ———. 2005. “Development Pol
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- Page 218 and 219: Implementation. The implementation
- Page 222 and 223: limited in the coverage and duratio
- Page 224 and 225: Box 6.12 The Use of DPLs to Support
- Page 226 and 227: Box 6.13 Using DPLs in Lao PDR for
- Page 228 and 229: OPCS. 2004. “Good Practice Notes
- Page 230 and 231: OPERATIONAL ASPECTS Prioritizing th
- Page 232 and 233: orientation of the DPL operations c
- Page 234 and 235: Indicators are helpful in these sit
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- Page 248 and 249: Box 7.1 Monitoring Promotes Changes
- Page 250 and 251: collected via remote sensing rather
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- Page 254 and 255: Assessment (www.millenniumassessmen
- Page 256 and 257: FAO. 2004. “Manual for Environmen
- Page 258 and 259: ■ ■ ■ enables implementation
- Page 260 and 261: selecting the technology. Technolog
- Page 262 and 263: USFS Field Guides: www.fia.fs.fed.u
- Page 264 and 265: Box 7.13 System Architecture of a S
- Page 266 and 267: Box 7.14 FMIS in Bosnia and Herzego
- Page 268 and 269: and client-rich system, which would
allow for each country’s different environmental, economic,<br />
and sociopolitical settings, while at the same time enabling<br />
objective summary conclusions about the NFP concept’s<br />
progress and impact.<br />
NOTES<br />
1. Most notably, the TFAPs, as implemented throughout<br />
the 1980s, and Forestry Master Plans. By the mid-1990s,<br />
TFAPs had been discontinued.<br />
2. National sovereignty and country leadership; consistency<br />
with the constitutional and legal frameworks of each<br />
country; consistency with international agreements and<br />
commitments; partnership and participation of all interested<br />
parties in the NFP process; holistic and intersectoral<br />
approach to forest development and conservation; longterm<br />
and iterative process of planning, implementation, and<br />
monitoring (Six-Country Initiative 1999).<br />
3. National forest statement; sector review; policy, legislative,<br />
and institutional reform; strategy development; action<br />
plan; investment program; capacity-building program;<br />
monitoring and evaluation system; coordination; and participatory<br />
mechanisms, including conflict-resolution<br />
schemes.<br />
4. For example, the Montreal Process, the Tarapoto Proposal,<br />
and the like.<br />
SELECTED READINGS<br />
In recent years, information about forest sector development,<br />
strategic forest sector planning, sustainable forest<br />
management, and the use of NFPs as implementation<br />
frameworks has multiplied at a startling rate. Concept<br />
papers, country reports, conference proceedings, and workshop<br />
presentations create a mind-numbing barrage of<br />
information. For quick reference and for keeping up with<br />
the dynamic development of the international forest regime<br />
as it continues to expand, online references may be the most<br />
convenient source of information. Here, the reader enjoys<br />
the benefit of regularly updated and selective reading.<br />
European Tropical Forest Research <strong>Network</strong>. 2004. ETFRN<br />
News 41/42—National Forest Programs.<br />
FAO National Forest Programme Facility: NFP Digests and<br />
Online Information <strong>Resource</strong>, available at http://www<br />
.nfp-facility.org.<br />
Geller, S., and R. McConnell. 2006. “Linking National Forest<br />
Programs and Poverty Reduction Strategies.” Unasylva<br />
225 (57): 56–62.<br />
Geller, S., and F. Owino. 2002. “Qualitative Assessment of<br />
National Forest Programs.” LTS International, Edinburgh,<br />
Scotland. Available at http://www.fao.org/docrep/<br />
009/a0970e/a0970e13.htm.<br />
Online resources provided by the United Nations Forum on<br />
<strong>Forests</strong>. Available at http://www.un.org/esa/forests/<br />
index.html.<br />
Online resources provided by the Global Forest Information<br />
Service. Available at http://www.gfis.net.<br />
REFERENCES CITED<br />
Adata, M., S. Geller, R. McConnell, and G. Tumushabe.<br />
2006. “Linking National Forest Programmes and Poverty<br />
Reduction Strategies.” Report of FAO mission to Uganda<br />
3 March 2006, Forestry Policy and Institutions Services,<br />
Forestry Department, FAO, Rome, Italy.<br />
Geller, S., and R. McConnell. 2006. “Linking National Forest<br />
Programs and Poverty Reduction Strategies.” Unasylva<br />
225 (57): 56–62.<br />
MWLE (Ministry of Water, Lands & Environment), 2002.<br />
“National Forest Programme.” Kampala, Uganda.<br />
Sepp, C. 2006. “National Forest Programmes and Forestrelated<br />
Multilateral Environmental Agreements.” Note<br />
submitted to World Bank as input to <strong>Forests</strong> <strong>Sourcebook</strong>.<br />
Unpublished. World Bank, Washington, DC.<br />
Six-Country Initiative. 1999. “Practitioner’s Guide to the<br />
Implementation of the IPF Proposals for Action.” Prepared<br />
in Support of the UN ad-hoc Intergovernmental<br />
Forum on <strong>Forests</strong> (IFF). Second revised edition, Secretariat<br />
of the Six-Country Initiative, GTZ/TWRP,<br />
Eschborn.<br />
CROSS-REFERENCED CHAPTERS AND NOTES<br />
Chapter 5: Improving Forest Governance.<br />
Note 5.1, Decentralized Forest Management, and 5.3,<br />
Strengthening Legal Frameworks in the Forest Sector.<br />
220 CHAPTER 6: MAINSTREAMING FORESTS INTO DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND PLANNING