Forests Sourcebook - HCV Resource Network

Typical contexts Potential drivers Potential responses Type
(motive, means, opportunity)
Wildlife poaching to • Poverty • Create opportunities for income generation, P
engage in trade in • Complex legal procedures for reduce bureaucracy and fees associated with
animals and animal hunting of wildlife legal timber harvesting
parts • Disputes over hunting rights • Clarify hunting rights with focus on rural poor P
• Poorly organized, under-resourced, and • Strengthen wildlife law enforcement D+S
corrupt wildlife law enforcement • Improve internal control of law enforcement staff D+S
• Corrupt community leaders • Improve internal control in communities D+S
• Criminal groups organizing illegal hunting • Strengthen cooperation with police force and D+S
by recruiting rural poor
judiciary and target the organizers or financiers
• Inefficient legal procedures behind these activities
• Amend forest-related legislation and penal code D+S
• Use anti-money-laundering and asset forfeiture laws D+S
Arson
Arson associated with • Poverty • Land tenure reform P
subsistence-level slash- • Lack of viable alternative agricultural • Agricultural intensification P
and-burn agriculture systems • Legal reform to decriminalize slash-and-burn P
• Marginalization and disempowerment of agriculture
Indigenous Peoples
Arson associated with • Biased policies and incentives • Policy reform based on strategic environmental P
large-scale land clearing • Weak regulatory controls of assessment
for commercial agriculture land development • Regulatory reforms to monitor and control land P+D
development
Encroachment
Conversion of forest • Poverty • Land tenure reform P
land associated with • Cyclical unemployment • Agricultural development P
subsistence-level slash- • Stabilization policies P
and-burn agriculture
Conversion of forest • Distorted policies • Policy reform P
land associated with • Corrupt land access arrangements • Anti-money-laundering and asset forfeiture laws S
large-scale land clearing
for commercial agriculture
Source: Adapted from Puustjarvi (2006a).
Note: P = prevention; D = detection; S = suppression.
NOTE 5.5:ADDRESSING ILLEGAL LOGGING AND OTHER FOREST CRIME 201