Forests Sourcebook - HCV Resource Network

Typical contexts Potential drivers Potential responses Type
(motive, means, opportunity)
Other forest crime
Irregular timber sales, • Low risk of sanctions • Improve procedures for timber sales and awarding P
award of concessions
concessions to increase transparency and
and service contracting
accountability
• Increase proportion of timber sold or concessions P
awarded through competitive bidding
• Poorly motivated staff in public forest • Reorganize public forest administration to P
administration and enterprises
increase staff motivation
• Poorly organized and corrupt financial • Enhance effectiveness of financial audits on D
audit system
public forest administration or enterprises
• Improve data management and transparency in D
public forest administration and enterprises
• Inefficient legal procedures • Strengthen cooperation with police force S
and judiciary
• Amend penal code P
Evasion of taxes, • Unreasonably high tax burden in relation to • Adjust taxes as appropriate P
royalties, and other timber price and general tax level • Impose sanctions on enterprises found guilty S
fees by enterprises
of tax evasion
• Poorly organized and corrupt financial • Enhance effectiveness of financial audits on D
audit system
enterprises
• Inadequate accounting systems in private • Oblige enterprises to provide required information D
enterprises
in an easily accessible form
• Inefficient legal procedures • Strengthen cooperation with police force and S
judiciary to achieve minimum acceptable level
of compliance
• Amend penal code P
Evasion of taxes, • Low risk of sanctions • Adjust taxes, royalties, and other fees to levels at P
royalties, and other
which most communities or private forest owners
fees by communities would make the payments voluntarily P
or private forest owners • Inadequate accounting systems in private • Promote sound accounting practices in community D
enterprises or communities
forestry
• Enhance effectiveness of external financial audits D+S
on community forests and private woodlots within
the limits of available resources
• Inefficient legal procedures • Strengthen cooperation with police force and S
judiciary to achieve minimum acceptable level
of compliance
• Amend penal code P
Circumvention of • Indifferent attitude in enterprises toward • Impose sanctions on enterprises found guilty P
labor laws labor laws of circumventing labor laws
• Poorly organized and corrupt oversight • Impose sanctions or disciplinary actions on D
companies proven to circumvent regulations
• Inefficient legal procedures • Strengthen cooperation with police force and S
judiciary to achieve minimum acceptable level
of compliance
• Amend penal code P
Unauthorized wood • Strong domestic and export demand • Enable an increase in authorized processing P
processing encouraging unauthorized wood processing capacity by increasing legal timber supply
and illegal logging
• Excessive bureaucracy related to licensing • Simplify licensing procedure P
• Poorly organized and corrupt oversight • Impose sanctions or disciplinary actions D
on companies proven to circumvent regulations
• Inefficient legal procedures • Strengthen cooperation with police force S
and judiciary
• Amend penal code P
Wildlife poaching
Wildlife poaching for • People unable to meet their basic needs • Legalize illegal use or simplify regulations P
subsistence needs • Lack of or high cost of alternative sources concerning access to wildlife resources
of food • Create opportunities for income generation P
• Offer alternative sources of food P
200 CHAPTER 5: IMPROVING FOREST GOVERNANCE