Forests Sourcebook - HCV Resource Network

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Build government and community capacity to adopt a landscape approach and implement adaptive management. Capacity needs to be built to undertake interinstitutional and interagency planning and coordination. NOTES 1. The principles underlying a landscape approach are similar to those associated with an ecosystem approach. It recognizes that humans, with their cultural diversity, are an integral component of ecosystems. It is based on 12 principles endorsed by the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (UNEP/CBD/COP/5/23 (see http://www .iucn.org/themes/CEM/documents/ecosapproach/cbd_ecos ystem_approach_engl.pdf). 2. Many “production landscapes” link rural, urban, and coastal domains. 3. Forest functions are processes performed by a forest ecosystem, including photosynthesis, nutrient cycling, providing animal habitat, and so forth. 4. A landscape commonly refers to a heterogeneous land area composed of a cluster of interacting ecosystems. Understanding, quantifying, and managing the interactions among the component ecosystems is key in landscape-level approaches. 5. Although the watershed approach has elements of a landscape approach, inadequate attention to landscapelevel tradeoffs can result in negative hydrological implications for downstream stakeholders outside the watershed but within the landscape. In addition, a long-term approach is needed to determine the system’s sustainability. 6. The landscape approach seeks to assess optimal paths for achieving objectives and the limits that exist in scaling up as not all advantages can be derived through scaling up across ecosystems. 7. Forest areas beyond the frontier are those that have most of the world’s forest area, few inhabitants, and no land scarcity. 8. Frontier and disputed forest areas are where agriculture is expanding and there are conflicts over forest use in “open access” areas. SELECTED READINGS Bonell, M., and L. A. Bruijnzeel. 2004. Forests, Water and People in the Humid Tropics: Past, Present and Future Hydrological Research for Integrated Land and Water Management. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Calder, I. R. 2005. Blue Revolution, Integrated Land and Water Resource Management. Second ed. London and Sterling, U.K.: Earthscan. Heathcote, I. W. 1998. Integrated Watershed Management: Principles and Practices. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Kerr, J. 2001. “Watershed Project Performance in India: Conservation, Productivity, and Equity.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 83 (5): 1223–30. Rhoades, R. E. 1999. Participatory Watershed Research and Management: Where the Shadow Falls. Gatekeeper Series No. 81. London: IIED. Salafsky, N., R. Margoluis, and K. Redford. 2001. “Adaptive Management: A Tool for Conservation Practitioners.” Publication No. 112, Biodiversity Support Program, Washington, DC. http://www.fosonline.org/Site_Docs/ AdaptiveManagementTool.pdf. U.S. Forest Service. 2006. “Guide to Integrated Landscape Land Use Planning in Central Africa.” http://carpe .umd.edu/resources/Documents/USFS%20Landscape%20Guide%20Dec2006.pdf WWF. “Guidance for Steps in the WWF Standards for Project and Programme Management.” http://www.foson line .org/Site_Page.cfm?PageID=156. REFERENCES CITED Boerma, P. 2000. “Watershed Management: A Review of the World Bank Portfolio (1990–1999).” Rural Development Department, World Bank, Washington, DC. Campos A., J. Joaquín, R. Villalobos, and B. Louman. 2005. “Poor Farmers and Fragmented Forests in Central America.” In Forests in Landscapes: Ecosystem Approaches to Sustainability, ed. J. A. Sayer and S. Maginnis, 129–46. London: Earthscan. Farina, A. 2006. Principles and Methods in Landscape Ecology. Berlin: Springer. Sayer, J. A., and S. Maginnis. 2005. Forests in Landscapes: Ecosystem Approaches to Sustainability. London: Earthscan. Sayer, J. A., C. Ndikumagenge, B. Campbell, and L. Usongo. 2005. “Wildlife, Loggers and Livelihoods in the Congo Basin.” In Forests in Landscapes: Ecosystem Approaches to Sustainability, ed. J. A. Sayer and S. Maginnis, 115–27. London: Earthscan. Sayers, J. 2006. “Optimising Forest Functions at the Landscape Level.” Note submitted to World Bank as input to Forests Sourcebook. Unpublished. World Bank. Washington, DC. Scoones, I. 1999. “The New Ecology and the Social Sciences: What Prospects for a Fruitful Engagement?” Annual Review of Anthropology 28: 479–507. World Bank. 2004. Project Performance Assessment Report, Turkey Eastern Anatolia Watershed Rehabilitation Project (Loan 3567-TR). Report No. 28274. March 19, 2004. 130 CHAPTER 4: OPTIMIZING FOREST FUNCTIONS IN A LANDSCAPE
Sector and Thematic Evaluation, Operations and Evaluation Department, Washington, DC. Zimmerer, K. 2000. “The Reworking of Conservation Geographies: Nonequilibrium Landscapes and Nature-Society Hybrids.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 90 (2): 356–69. CROSS-REFERENCED CHAPTERS AND NOTES All notes associated with chapter 4: Optimizing Forest Functions at the Landscape Scale Note 2.3: Innovative Marketing Arrangements for Environmental Services CHAPTER 4: OPTIMIZING FOREST FUNCTIONS IN A LANDSCAPE 131
Page 1 and 2:
INTRODUCTION OPPORTUNITIES AND CHAL
Page 3 and 4:
Forest law enforcement and governan
Page 5 and 6:
■ Protecting vital local and glob
Page 7 and 8:
Figure 3 Commitment from the World
Page 9 and 10:
Figure 6 Regional Distribution of I
Page 11 and 12:
management and biodiversity conserv
Page 13:
PART I Priority Themes and Operatio
Page 16 and 17:
Angelsen and Wunder 2003; and Malli
Page 18 and 19:
harvesting forest products that are
Page 20 and 21:
forest management and ownership hav
Page 22 and 23:
Institutional development of capaci
Page 24 and 25:
Contreras-Hermosilla, A., and M. Si
Page 26 and 27:
Box 1.4 Poverty-Forest Linkages Too
Page 28 and 29:
Box 1.6 An Overview of the Tools fo
Page 30 and 31:
NOTE 1.2 Community-Based Forest Man
Page 32 and 33:
the biophysical resource through fo
Page 34 and 35:
Box 1.12 Andhra Pradesh Community F
Page 36 and 37:
Box 1.14 Community Forestry in Mexi
Page 38 and 39:
World Bank, 1978. Forestry. Sector
Page 40 and 41:
[Indigenous Peoples’] rights of o
Page 42 and 43:
inappropriate. Thus, development pr
Page 44 and 45:
nity territory into individual plot
Page 46 and 47:
LESSONS LEARNED AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 48 and 49:
Borrini-Feyerabend, G., M. Pimbert,
Page 50 and 51:
In what are considered public fores
Page 52 and 53:
Figure 1.1 Toward Tenure Security:A
Page 54 and 55:
Box 1.21 Opportunities to Advance C
Page 56 and 57:
NOTE 1.5 Making Markets Work for th
Page 58 and 59:
■ environmental groups to produce
Page 60 and 61:
Box 1.25 Medicinal Plants as NTFPs
Page 63 and 64:
CHAPTER 2 Engaging the Private Sect
Page 65 and 66:
dred to tens of thousands of new jo
Page 67 and 68:
Box 2.2 Since 1995, Brazilian small
Page 69 and 70:
Macqueen, D., N. Armitage, M. Jaeck
Page 71 and 72:
NOTE 2.1 COMPANY-COMMUNITY PARTNERS
Page 73 and 74:
inputs (communities), and cost savi
Page 75 and 76:
community arrangements, such as eth
Page 77 and 78:
NOTE 2.2 Small and Medium Enterpris
Page 79 and 80: must be distinguished from products
Page 81 and 82: overregulation falls most heavily o
Page 83 and 84: da Amazônia (IPAM) and the Interna
Page 85 and 86: NOTE 2.3 Innovative Marketing Arran
Page 87 and 88: Table 2.2 World Bank Projects with
Page 89 and 90: payments for reforestation can enco
Page 91: Wunder, S. 2005. “Payments for En
Page 94 and 95: Box 3.1 Technical Definitions Wood
Page 96 and 97: Table 3.2 Wood Fuel Data for Select
Page 98 and 99: ered it important to have the World
Page 100 and 101: operations (such as community-based
Page 102 and 103: also needs to be extended in many c
Page 104 and 105: NOTE 3.1 Mainstreaming Conservation
Page 106 and 107: areas that can be used more intensi
Page 108 and 109: Box 3.7 Applying HCVF in Papua New
Page 110 and 111: Finally, any existing protections,
Page 112 and 113: However, these general rules are se
Page 114 and 115: the origin of products from a certi
Page 116 and 117: management practices in selected en
Page 118 and 119: Reforms) provide the framework for
Page 120 and 121: lenges to weak institutions, which
Page 123 and 124: CHAPTER 4 Optimizing Forest Functio
Page 125 and 126: People and human societies are seen
Page 127 and 128: Encourage stakeholder participation
Page 129: Box 4.5 Tradeoffs Framework Used in
Page 133 and 134: Identify planning team members and
Page 135 and 136: Involve relevant stakeholders in de
Page 137 and 138: needs of implementing partners and
Page 139 and 140: NOTE 4.2 Assessing Outcomes of Land
Page 141 and 142: Box 4.13 Possible Indicators for As
Page 143 and 144: NOTE 4.3 Using Adaptive Management
Page 145 and 146: ■ ■ ■ ■ Develop a project p
Page 147 and 148: Another important and useful proces
Page 149 and 150: theless, it is never too late to st
Page 151 and 152: CHAPTER 5 IMPROVING FOREST GOVERNAN
Page 153 and 154: Improving forest governance and leg
Page 155 and 156: tant part of the World Bank’s con
Page 157 and 158: sector with broader governance and
Page 159 and 160: NOTE 5.1 Decentralized Forest Manag
Page 161 and 162: Assess the overall decentralization
Page 163 and 164: Box 5.5 Nicaragua: Asymmetries Betw
Page 165 and 166: Parker, A. 1995. “Decentralizatio
Page 167 and 168: ■ ■ ■ Management of forests (
Page 169 and 170: such as designing a transparent con
Page 171 and 172: Box 5.11 Citizen Report Cards: Benc
Page 173 and 174: NOTE 5.3 Strengthening Legal Framew
Page 175 and 176: Box 5.13 Working on the Law with La
Page 177 and 178: In addition, the process of public
Page 179 and 180: ANNEX 5.3B SIX DRAFTING PRINCIPLES
Page 181 and 182:
forestry policy or to promote other
Page 183 and 184:
The most common fiscal incentives i
Page 185 and 186:
is reasonable to allow the administ
Page 187 and 188:
ANNEX 5.4A A SUMMARY OF THE DIFFERE
Page 189 and 190:
NOTE 5.5 ADDRESSING ILLEGAL LOGGING
Page 191 and 192:
Box 5.17 Measures Specific to Comba
Page 193 and 194:
■ ■ ■ initially have to compe
Page 195 and 196:
enterprises may be motivated to joi
Page 197 and 198:
NOTES 1. This note is based on Worl
Page 199 and 200:
ANNEX 5.5B TYPICAL CONTEXTS OF ILLE
Page 201:
Typical contexts Potential drivers
Page 204 and 205:
Box 6.1 Indonesian Structural Adjus
Page 206 and 207:
Box 6.2 Upstream Analyses on Energy
Page 208 and 209:
Box 6.3 Positive Impact of Agrarian
Page 210 and 211:
Box 6.4 Use of the Rapid CEA Approa
Page 212 and 213:
———. 2005. “Development Pol
Page 214 and 215:
NOTE 6.1 Using National Forest Prog
Page 216 and 217:
Box 6.6 Basic Principles of NFP Pre
Page 218 and 219:
Implementation. The implementation
Page 220 and 221:
allow for each country’s differen
Page 222 and 223:
limited in the coverage and duratio
Page 224 and 225:
Box 6.12 The Use of DPLs to Support
Page 226 and 227:
Box 6.13 Using DPLs in Lao PDR for
Page 228 and 229:
OPCS. 2004. “Good Practice Notes
Page 230 and 231:
OPERATIONAL ASPECTS Prioritizing th
Page 232 and 233:
orientation of the DPL operations c
Page 234 and 235:
Indicators are helpful in these sit
Page 236 and 237:
ANNEX 6.3A SELECT TOOLS TO ASSIST S
Page 238 and 239:
NOTE 6.4 Assessing Cross-Sectoral I
Page 240 and 241:
Box 6.16 The Forests Component in t
Page 242 and 243:
Considering the above issues, an in
Page 244 and 245:
Box 6.19 Implementation of the Keny
Page 246 and 247:
World Bank SEA Web resources: http:
Page 248 and 249:
Box 7.1 Monitoring Promotes Changes
Page 250 and 251:
collected via remote sensing rather
Page 252 and 253:
Discussions and proposals on how to
Page 254 and 255:
Assessment (www.millenniumassessmen
Page 256 and 257:
FAO. 2004. “Manual for Environmen
Page 258 and 259:
■ ■ ■ enables implementation
Page 260 and 261:
selecting the technology. Technolog
Page 262 and 263:
USFS Field Guides: www.fia.fs.fed.u
Page 264 and 265:
Box 7.13 System Architecture of a S
Page 266 and 267:
Box 7.14 FMIS in Bosnia and Herzego
Page 268 and 269:
and client-rich system, which would
Page 270 and 271:
ANNEX 7.2A MODEL TERMS OF REFERENCE
Page 272 and 273:
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Page 274 and 275:
NOTE 7.3 Spatial Monitoring of Fore
Page 276 and 277:
■ ■ ■ ■ Availability of ref
Page 278 and 279:
Box 7.19 Selecting the Appropriate
Page 280 and 281:
Table 7.4 Existing Satellite Remote
Page 282 and 283:
Tropical Ecosystem Environment Obse
Page 285:
PART II Guidance on Implementing Fo
Page 288 and 289:
forestry activities was counterprod
Page 290 and 291:
waterways, or the quantity or quali
Page 292 and 293:
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ an independent
Page 294 and 295:
■ In the case of forest harvestin
Page 296 and 297:
■ ■ harvesting supported by Wor
Page 298 and 299:
However, some of the World Bank’s
Page 300 and 301:
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Examine the
Page 302 and 303:
Box 9.2 Participation Strategy To m
Page 304 and 305:
Box 9.5 Process Framework for Invol
Page 306 and 307:
Box 9.8 Market Analysis A market an
Page 308 and 309:
“no-project” option); and recom
Page 310 and 311:
Box 9.16 Environmental Management P
Page 312 and 313:
■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■
Page 314 and 315:
the detailed Biodiversidade Brasile
Page 316 and 317:
■ ■ management plan—prepared
Page 319 and 320:
CHAPTER 10 Consultation and Communi
Page 321 and 322:
media, NGOs, other interest groups,
Page 323 and 324:
Box 10.4 Consultation in the Democr
Page 325 and 326:
Box 10.6 Elements of Communication
Page 327 and 328:
Table 10.2 Listening to the Public
Page 329 and 330:
■ - Preliminary research should i
Page 331 and 332:
Box 10.8 Managing Risks through Str
Page 333 and 334:
Bank project cycle related to Commu
Page 335 and 336:
CHAPTER 11 Forest Certification Ass
Page 337 and 338:
carried out under a specific certif
Page 339 and 340:
once more practical experience has
Page 341 and 342:
ANNEX 11A MODEL TERMS OF REFERENCE
Page 343 and 344:
ANNEX 11B PROCEDURES AND TERMS OF R
Page 347 and 348:
CHAPTER 12 Applying OP 4.10 on Indi
Page 349 and 350:
lack of opportunities relative to o
Page 351 and 352:
Box 12.2 When a project affects Ind
Page 353 and 354:
ples receive social and economic be
Page 355 and 356:
Bank’s supervision team must incl
Page 357:
ANNEX 12A ELEMENTS OF AN INDIGENOUS
Page 360 and 361:
forest monitoring, 275b social and
Page 362 and 363:
FOMAS. See National Forest Sector M
Page 364 and 365:
and forest certification, 335 toolk
Page 366 and 367:
applying to Indigenous Peoples, 347
Page 368 and 369:
strategic partnership, LFI example,
Page 372:
Eco-Audit Environmental Benefits St
show all

Forests Sourcebook - HCV Resource Network

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?