LIFE01200604005 Shri Somnath Ghosh - Homi Bhabha National ...

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION 29
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION In physics, radiation describes a process in which energetic particles or waves travel through a medium or space. Radiation can be classified according to the effects it produces on matter, into ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation includes cosmic rays, X-rays and the radiation from radioactive materials. Non-ionizing radiation includes ultraviolet light, radiant heat and microwaves. The word radiation is commonly used in reference to ionizing radiation only (i.e., having sufficient energy to ionize an atom), but it may also refer to non-ionizing radiation (e.g., radio waves or visible light). The energy radiates (i.e., travels outward in straight lines in all directions) from its source. This geometry naturally leads to a system of measurements and physical units that are equally applicable to all types of radiation. Both ionizing and non-ionizing radiation can be harmful to organisms and the natural environment. All life on Earth has evolved in presence of this radiation. Figure 1.1 shows the percentage contribution of various sources of ionizing radiation to which human beings are exposed. Over 85 percent of total exposure is from natural resources with about half coming from radon decay products in the home. Medical exposure of patients accounts for 14 percent of the total, whereas all other artificial sources – fallout, consumer products, occupational exposure, and discharges from nuclear industries account for less than 1 percent of the total value. Of all the exposures, medical exposure is of the main interest to scientists all over the world because of the ability of radiation to treat dreaded disease like cancer, for which, ironically it is a cause as well. 30
Page 1: RADIATION INDUCED SIGNALING IN MAMM
Page 4 and 5: DECLARATION I, hereby declare that
Page 6 and 7: CONTENTS Page No. SYNOPSIS………
Page 8 and 9: 2.11 Measurement of NO production
Page 10 and 11: PREAMBLE SYNOPSIS Ionising radiatio
Page 12 and 13: SYNOPSIS Aims and Objectives: To St
Page 14 and 15: SYNOPSIS 2.6 Immunofluorescence sta
Page 16 and 17: SYNOPSIS ATM gene expression, which
Page 18 and 19: SYNOPSIS Percentage Survival 100 80
Page 20 and 21: SYNOPSIS Ratio of Rad52 to Actin Ra
Page 22 and 23: Relative Phosphorylation 45 40 35 3
Page 24 and 25: SYNOPSIS Fig. 3.3A Clonogenic Cell
Page 26 and 27: SYNOPSIS (A) Av No. of phospho BRCA
Page 28 and 29: SYNOPSIS Percentage Survival 120 10
Page 30 and 31: SYNOPSIS Fig.3.4B. Existance of cro
Page 32 and 33: SYNOPSIS Fig. 3.4EDNA damage in EL-
Page 34 and 35: SYNOPSIS subsequent cytotoxicity ca
Page 36 and 37: SYNOPSIS [4] Hall, E. J. Radiobiolo
Page 40 and 41: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 15.8% 9.56%
Page 42 and 43: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION far apart an
Page 44 and 45: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION and are more
Page 46 and 47: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.3 DNA dama
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Page 52 and 53: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Perhaps one
Page 54 and 55: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION occurs at DS
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Page 58 and 59: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION damage must
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Page 70 and 71: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.4 Overview
Page 72 and 73: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.4.1 Radiat
Page 74 and 75: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION interaction
Page 76 and 77: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION p90S6 kinase
Page 78 and 79: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION CD4 (formerl
Page 80 and 81: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION unrepaired d
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Page 84 and 85: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.6 Radiatio
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CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS MAT
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CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.2
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CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS res
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CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS Arr
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CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS PBS
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CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS the
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CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS RESULTS 93
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS fractionated regi
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS On comparison of
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS Table 3.1.2A List
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 80 NM_002185 IL7R
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS SAA2 149 AU134977
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 221 LOC643167 RNA
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 299 BF244402 FBXO
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS CDK4) 57 AU152107
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 134 AL045793 METT
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 58 AF237813 ABAT
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 127 AI809749 ORMD
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 31 BE615699 UNC84
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 47 AF026303 SULT1
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 117 BF062193 CYor
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 187 AL036662 ---
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 52 AV686514 EMP2
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS exposed to 10 Gy
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS Fig.3.1.4 Gene ex
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS Fig. 3.1.6 Radiat
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS Fig. 3.1.7 Transl
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 3.1.9 Stabilizati
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 23±1.5% (Fig. 3.
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS whereas only the
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS with equal doses
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS Fig.3.3.1.2 Forma
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS Fig.3.3.1.3 Phosp
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS (7.5±0.64) (Fig.
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS Fig.3.3.1.7b Phos
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 3.3.2 Oxygen beam
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS in all the cells.
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 3.3.2.3 Radiation
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS Fig.3.3.2.7 Apopt
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS PMA stimulated U9
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS Fig.3.4.2. Exista
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS up-regulation of
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS Fig.3.4.3.2 NO pr
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 3.4.3.4 Apoptotic
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 3.4.4 Bystander e
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS Fig.3.4.4b DNA da
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CHAPTER 3 RESULTS Fig.3.4.5a Gene e
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CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION DISCUSSION 185
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CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION directly expos
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CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION dose is delive
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CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION A clear cause
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CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION 4.2 Proton bea
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CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION Although the e
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CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION Similar number
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CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION the mechanism
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CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION Thus unlike th
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CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION different from
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CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION upregulates ma
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CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION Numerous studi
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CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION inhibition of
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CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION The survival o
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [1] Khan, F. T
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [19] Woo, R. A
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [35] Nghiem, P
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [52] McKay, B.
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [69] Cary, R.
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [84] Uziel, T.
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [98] Liu, Y.;
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [111] Fei, P.;
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [127] Frank, K
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [141] Pierce,
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [156] Roots, R
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [171] Xia, Z.;
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES (MAP) kinase c
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES phosphorylatio
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [211] Anderson
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [229] Konca, K
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [245] Kastan,
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [261] Miralbel
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [278] Weizman,
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CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES [294] Zhou, H.
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PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS Publ
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Mutation Research 729 (2012) 61-72
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S. Ghosh, M. Krishna / Mutation Res
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Cancer Invest Downloaded from infor
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1568 I. J. Radiation Oncology d Bio
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