BIOLOX - Nanocomposite for Arthoplasty
The Fourth Generation of Ceramics
The Fourth Generation of Ceramics
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<strong>BIOLOX</strong> ® – Comparison of Three Generations<br />
The Strengths of <strong>BIOLOX</strong> ® delta<br />
• Increased fracture toughness<br />
• Increased fracture strength<br />
• Crack-stopping function<br />
• Excellent biocompatibility<br />
11<br />
<strong>BIOLOX</strong> ® delta is clearly superior when it<br />
comes to the following crucial parameters:<br />
grain size, bending strength, and fracture<br />
toughness.<br />
<strong>BIOLOX</strong> ®<br />
(since 1974)<br />
<strong>BIOLOX</strong> ® <strong>for</strong>te<br />
(since 1995)<br />
<strong>BIOLOX</strong> ® delta<br />
(since 2004)<br />
Variable Unit Average Variance Average Variance Average Variance<br />
Al 2<br />
O 3<br />
Vol.-% 99.7 0.15 >99.8 0.14 81.6 0.17<br />
ZrO 2<br />
Vol.-% n.a. – n.a. – 17 0.1<br />
Other oxides Vol.-% Rest – Rest n.a. 1.4 0.01<br />
Density g/cm 3 3.95 0.01 3.97 0.00 4.37 0.01<br />
Grain size Al 2<br />
O 3<br />
µm 4 0.23 1.750 0.076 0.560 0.036<br />
4-point bending strength 1) MPa 500 45 631 38 1384 67<br />
E-module GPa 410 1 407 1 358 1<br />
2)<br />
Fracture toughness K Ic<br />
MPa m 1⁄2 3.0 0.45 3.2 0.4 6.5 0.3<br />
Hardness HV1 GPa 20 – 20 – 19 –<br />
1)<br />
Average values measured <strong>for</strong> <strong>BIOLOX</strong> ® delta from 2006<br />
2)<br />
Fracture toughness refers to the capacity of a material to resist crack propagation; K Ic<br />
is the corresponding characteristic value.
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