Council's On-site Sewage Management Code - Hastings Council ...

On-Site Sewage Management 

Code 17 

Prepared by the WATER AND NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION 

Port Macquarie Hastings Council 

Cnr Lord & Burrawan Street’s 

PORT MACQUARIE NSW 2444 

PHONE: (02) 6581 8111 

FAX: (02) 6581 8123 

Précis: 

On-Site Sewage Management For Domestic Premises Code (Code 17) (WNR) 

Adopted: 

Amended: December 2007 

Last Updated: 

Responsible Division: Water and Natural Resources 

Responsible Officer: On-Site Sewage Management Officer


Code for On-Site Sewage Management 

BLANK 

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Contents 


1.0 TITLE ................................................................................................................6 

2.0 LAND TO WHICH THIS CODE APPLIES.........................................................7 

Figure 1. Localities within the Port Macquarie Hastings Local Government Area..7 

3.0 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................8 

4.0 OBJECTIVES OF THE CODE ..........................................................................9 

5.0 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA ..........................................................................10 

6.0 APPLICATION OF THE CODE.......................................................................11 

7.0 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER DOCUMENTS ..................................................12 

7.1 The Local Government Act 1993,...............................................................12 

7.2 Protection Of The Environment Operations Act 1997 (POEO Act).............13 

7.3 AS/NZS 1547:2000 On-Site Domestic-Wastewater Management..............13 

7.4 AS/NZS 1546 On-Site Domestic Wastewater Treatment Units ..................13 

7.5 The Environment and Health Protection Guidelines 1998..........................14 

7.6 Environmental Guidelines 2004 .................................................................14 

8.0 EXEMPTIONS.................................................................................................15 

9.0 OTHER SYSTEMS..........................................................................................16 

10.0 WATER CONSERVATION .............................................................................17 

10.1 Performance Objective...............................................................................17 

10.2 General Requirements ...............................................................................17 

10.3 Deemed to Satisfy Provisions ....................................................................17 

10.4 Alternatives to Deemed to Satisfy Provisions.............................................17 

11.0 SITE AND SYSTEM EVALUATION................................................................18 


11.2 Requirements for Subdivisions...................................................................18 

11.3 Requirements for Single Lots .....................................................................18 

12.0 MATTERS TO ACCOMPANY APPLICATIONS TO INSTALL OR 

CONSTRUCT DOMESTIC SEWAGE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES..............19 

12.1 Site Plan.....................................................................................................19 

12.2 Geotechnical/Wastewater Report...............................................................19 

12.3 Soil Assessment.........................................................................................20 

12.4 Sewage Management System Details........................................................20 

12.5 Certificate of Compliance ...........................................................................20 

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CONSTRUCT COMMERCIAL SEWAGE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES ....... 21 

13.1 Project description: .................................................................................... 21 

13.2 Plans and Drawings:.................................................................................. 21 

13.3 Flow and load assessment: ....................................................................... 21 

13.4 Treatment process description: ................................................................. 21 

13.5 Projected wastewater quality:.................................................................... 22 

13.6 System selection: ...................................................................................... 22 

13.7 Site Plan: ................................................................................................... 22 

13.8 Disinfection:............................................................................................... 22 

13.9 Estimated load for land application or discharge: ...................................... 23 

13.10 Expected treated wastewater quality: ........................................................ 23 

13.11 Land application or reuse system selection:.............................................. 23 

13.12 Land application system sizing.................................................................. 23 

13.13 Staged development plan:......................................................................... 24 

13.14 Certificate of Compliance .......................................................................... 24 

14.0 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES.................................................................... 26 

14.1 Treatment of Wastewater Prior to Application ........................................... 26 

14.1.1 Performance Objective 26 

14.1.2 General Requirements 26 

14.1.3 Deemed to Satisfy Provisions 26 

14.1.4 Alternatives to Deemed to Satisfy Provisions 27 

14.2 On-Site Effluent Application Methods - Type and Design.......................... 27 

14.2.1 Performance objective 27 



14.3 Size of Site/Effluent Application Area ........................................................ 28 




14.4 Topography ............................................................................................... 29 




14.5 Run-on and Seepage ................................................................................ 29 




14.6 Flooding/Inundation/Saturation.................................................................. 30 




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14.7 Proximity to Watercourses/Groundwater Bores/Water Storage Tanks.......31 




14.8 Location......................................................................................................32 




15.0 WET WEATHER MANAGEMENT ..................................................................34 


15.2 General Provisions .....................................................................................34 

15.3 Deemed to Satisfy Provisions ....................................................................34 

15.4 Alternatives to Deemed to Satisfy Provisions.............................................34 

16.0 DEFINITIONS..................................................................................................35 

17.0 REFERENCES................................................................................................38 

18.0 APPENDIX......................................................................................................39 

APPENDIX A. APPLICATION FORM TO INSTALL/CONSTRUCT/ALTER A 

SEWAGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY .......................................................40 

APPENDIX B. APPLICATION FORM FOR APPROVAL TO OPERATE A SEWAGE 

MANAGEMENT FACILITY ........................................................................40 

APPENDIX C. ON-SITE SEWAGE MANAGEMENT REPORT CHECKLIST .....40 

APPENDIX D. CRITERIA FOR ACCEPTED AERATED WASTEWATER 

TREATMENT SYSTEM SERVICE CONTRACTORS................................42 

APPENDIX E. BEAVERS GARDINER METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF 

SETBACK DISTANCE FROM A WATERCOURSE / BORE .....................48 

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1.0 TITLE 


The title of this code is: - ‘Port Macquarie Hastings Council Code for On-Site 

Sewage Management’ (here on referred to as the ‘Code’). 

This Code consists of a written statement with accompanying diagrams where 

necessary to enhance comprehension. 

This Revised Code came into force on 17 December 2007. 

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2.0 LAND TO WHICH THIS CODE APPLIES 


This Code applies to the existing operation, and the proposed installation and 

operation, of all on-site sewage management facilities for domestic, light 

commercial/industrial purposes within the Port Macquarie Hastings Council Local 

Government Area. 

PMHC LGA 

BOUNDARY 

Figure 1. Localities within the Port Macquarie Hastings Local Government Area 

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3.0 INTRODUCTION 


The effective management of domestic, light commercial/industrial sewage and 

wastewater is an important environmental and public health issue. There is 

growing evidence to suggest that many on-site sewage management facilities do 

not meet environmental and public health standards and are not sustainable in 

the long term. 

In this regard it is important that the concept of Total Catchment Management is 

understood and applied with respect to on-site sewage management. The 

sewage management facility serving a development or building proposal, if 

considered in isolation may appear to be sustainable. 

However, it must be viewed as only a small part of the whole. The cumulative 

effects that may occur from many individual premises must be considered. What 

can occur is an intensification of problems as density or numbers increase. 

It is also important to note that on-site sewage management is, in the majority of 

cases, required for the long term. Accordingly the design, installation and 

operation of on-site sewage management facilities should reflect the long-term 

use of domestic, light commercial/industrial premises. 

This Code is a performance based document that outlines the design criteria for 

sewage management facilities that produce domestic, light commercial/industrial 

and similar wastewaters for on-site application/reuse. The Code has implications 

for rezoning proposals, development applications, subdivision applications, and 

applications for the installation, construction or alteration of waste treatment 

devices under Section 68 of the Local Government Act, 1993. 

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4.0 OBJECTIVES OF THE CODE 


To provide criteria for sustainable on-site sewage management in unsewered 

areas. 

The overall objectives of this Code are: 

a) To protect the health of residents and the broader community; 

b) To promote the principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development; 

• through reuse of a valuable resource, and 

• promotion of sustainable, long term on-site sewage management; 

c) To minimise pollution and degradation of the environment through; 

• protection of surface and groundwater resources, 

• protection of soils and vegetation; 

d) To maintain and improve community amenity. 

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5.0 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA 


The Council must consider performance criteria when determining applications 

for approval to install, construct, alter or operate on-site sewage management 

facilities. The Local Government (General) Regulation 2005 specifies minimum 

objectives, which are listed below: 

a) The prevention of the spread of disease by micro-organisms; 

b) The prevention of the spread of foul odours; 

c) The prevention of the contamination of water; 

d) The prevention of the degradation of soil and vegetation; 

e) The discouragement of insects and vermin; 

f) Ensuring that persons do not come into contact with untreated sewage or their 

effluent in the ordinary activities on the premises concerned; 

g) The minimisation of adverse impacts on the amenity of the premises and 

surrounding lands; and 

h) If appropriate, provision for the reuse of resources including nutrients, organic 

matter and water. 

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6.0 APPLICATION OF THE CODE 


The requirements of this Code are largely based on requirements of the Local 

Government (Approvals) Regulation 1999 (under Sections 68 and 68A of The 

Local Government Act 1993) “The Environment and Health Protection Guidelines 

for On-Site Sewage Management for Single Households” and with content 

contained in AS/NZS 1547:2000 On-site Domestic-Wastewater Management. 

Council will take the performance criteria outlined in this Code into consideration 

in determining an application. Compliance with the provisions of the Code will not 

necessarily imply that Council will consent to an application or permit certain 

activities to prevail in terms of the ongoing operation of a system but will give 

consideration to the merit of an application in the individual case. 

Proposals that step outside that which would be permitted by the NSW Health 

Department or the NSW Environment Protection Authority (EPA) will not be 

considered. For systems developed by a NSW Health Department Accredited 

manufacturer such as Aerated Wastewater Treatment Systems (AWTS) up to 10 

persons, full compliance with manufacturer recommendations must be 

demonstrated. 

For new system installations, an application shall be made on the prescribed 

form, accompanied by details as prescribed in Section 18.0 of this Code and any 

associated fees as prescribed in Council’s Corporate Plan 2007-2010, Part C: 

Schedule of fees and charges 2007-2008. 

Existing installations shall be subject to the same requirements as for new 

system installations where an owner chooses to alter or construct a system or 

where an alteration or modification is required due to inspections carried out by 

the Council. 

Existing installations, which during the course of inspections carried out by 

Council, are found to be functioning in a manner that meets the performance 

criteria and not requiring alteration, will be given a risk classification. This 

classification will be made in relation to the performance of the unit, the age of 

the unit, possible impacts on public health, water quality, soils, native flora and 

community amenity. A rating given from the risk assessment inspection will be 

low, moderate, or high. This risk assessment will determine the potential impacts 

and advise when reinspection will be required. 

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7.0 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER DOCUMENTS 

This Code is to be read in conjunction with:- 

7.1 The Local Government Act 1993, 

The Local Government (General) Regulation 2005 

(Under Section 68 of The Local Government Act 1993). 

This legislation: 


a) Specifies requirements for the design, installation, alteration and operation of 

domestic on-site sewage management facilities, under s. 68 and s. 68A of the 

Act, and allows fees to be charged under s. 608; 

b) Specifies information required to accompany an application to operate, install 

or alter an on-site sewage management facilities; 

c) Clarifies accreditation roles and responsibilities of NSW Health Department; 

d) Describes minimum performance criteria for the installation and operation of 

on-site sewage management facilities; 

e) Prescribes, where public health or the environment are at risk, an Order under 

Section 124 of the Act may be issued depending on the situation, including 

Orders - 21, 22, 24, 25, 30 or an Emergency Order (which may be issued 

where public health or the environment is at risk); 

f) Following the expiration of an Order, a Penalty Infringement Notice (PIN) 

under the Act may be issued depending on circumstances. 

g) The Local Government (General) Regulation 2005 enables council to issue 

penalty notices for two existing offences under the Local Government Act 

1993; 

i 

a person who carries out an activity specified in Parts B-F of the Table to 

section 68 without having obtained a prior approval of the council under 

Part 1 of Chapter 7 required for the carrying out of that activity is guilty of 

an offence. {s.626(3)}; and 

ii a person who has obtained the approval of the council under Part 1 

Chapter 7 to the carrying out of an activity specified in Parts B-F of the 

Table to section 68 and who carries out that activity otherwise than in 

accordance with the terms of that approval is guilty of an offence 

{s.627(3)}; 

h) The Local Government (General) Regulation 2005 prescribes a penalty of 3 

penalty units (currently $330) for operating a system of sewage management 

without prior council approval. A penalty of 3 penalty units (currently $330) is 

prescribed for the offence of operating a system of sewage management 

otherwise than in accordance with the terms of council approval. 

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7.2 Protection Of The Environment Operations Act 1997 (POEO Act). 

The Act provides Local Government with increased powers, similar to the 

Environment Protection Authority, to investigate and issue legally binding 

notices. Councils are the Appropriate Regulatory Authority (ARA) for activities 

relating to on-site sewage management facilities. 

Where a failing on-site sewage management facility is detected during the 

inspection program, the following actions are available to Council under the 

POEO Act; 

a) Clean up Notices - are quick responses to pollution incidents. The recipient 

may be billed an administration fee - currently set at $320. 

b) Prevention Notices - will be issued where an on-site sewage management 

facility is operating in an environmentally unsatisfactory manner. The recipient 

maybe billed an administration fee - currently set at $320. 

If Council, as a result of either a) or b) above, spends excess time and 

money monitoring the required actions, a compliance cost notice may be 

issued, to recover all costs for environment protection activities. 

c) Following the expiration of the above Notices and where the works have not 

been satisfactorily completed, a Penalty Infringement Notice (PIN) under the 

Act may be issued or further legal proceedings through the Courts, or Civil 

proceedings through Land and Environment Court may be instigated. 

7.3 AS/NZS 1547:2000 On-Site Domestic-Wastewater Management. 

This standard gives specific details for a range of domestic on-site sewage 

management facilities and land application areas for all persons and agencies 

involved with on-site sewage management in Australia and New Zealand. 

The Standard covers: 

a) system flows up to a maximum of 14,000L/week and population equivalent of 

up to 10 persons; and 

b) site investigation, land application system design, installation, operation and 

maintenance to achieve sustainable outcomes and public health performance. 

7.4 AS/NZS 1546 On-Site Domestic Wastewater Treatment Units 

AS/NZS 1546:1998 - Part 1: Septic tanks. 

This standard is highly relevant to manufacturers of on-site sewage 

management facilities, by specifying technical means of system compliance and 

test specifications to achieve sustainable outcomes and public health 

performance. 

AS/NZS 1546:2001 - Part 2: Waterless composting toilets 

This standard covers the requirements of waterless composting toilets that are 

intended primarily as stand-alone units for residential use but may be suitable 

for non-residential applications. 

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AS/NZS 1546:2001 - Part 3: Aerated wastewater treatment systems 

This standard sets out performance requirements, design requirements, means 

of compliance, installation requirements, requirements for operation and 

maintenance and specifications for testing aerated wastewater treatment 

systems (AWTS) and associated fittings. 

7.5 The Environment and Health Protection Guidelines 1998 

On-site Sewage Management for Single Households. 

These Guidelines recommend that Councils should: 

a) develop, implement and regularly review an On-site Sewage Management 

Code or Policy; 

b) consider all issues relating to approving the installation and operation of onsite 

sewage management facilities, particularly environment and health issues; 

c) develop conditions of approval to operate for systems of on-site sewage 

management facilities and specific sites; 

d) undertake ongoing community education programs; and 

e) implement a long-term program of on-site sewage management facility audits 

(site assessments) to monitor the performance and impact of on-site sewage 

management facilities on the wider environment. 

7.6 Environmental Guidelines 2004 

Use of Effluent by Irrigation 

This Guideline provides information for planners, designers, installers and 

operators of application/reuse systems that use effluent from a wide range of 

rural and industrial sources, such as, processing industries (livestock, wood, 

paper or food), intensive livestock, aquaculture or agricultural industries. 

These Guidelines aim to assist Council in: 

a) encouraging the beneficial use of effluent and show how this might be 

accomplished in an ecologically sustainable manner; 

b) provide guidelines for planning, designing, installing, operating and monitoring 

effluent application/reuse systems to diminish risks to public health, the 

environment and agricultural resources; 

c) outline the statutory requirements that may be needed for an effluent 

application/reuse system in NSW. 

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8.0 EXEMPTIONS 


Exemptions to the above criteria will only be considered on the basis of 

accreditation exemptions as contained in the Local Government (General) 

Regulation 2005, Clause 41. 

Facilities to be accredited: 

1. The council must not approve the installation or construction of a sewage 

management facility unless the council is satisfied that the facility is to be 

installed or constructed to a design or plan that is the subject of a certificate of 

accreditation from the Director-General of the Department of Health, being a 

certificate that is in force. 

2. Subclause (1) does not apply to or in respect of a sewage management 

facility: 

a) that is to be installed or constructed as a model for the purposes of testing, 

b) that is designed, and is to be constructed, by the owner or occupier of the 

premises on which it is to be installed, or 

c) that is specifically designed, by a person other than the owner or occupier of 

the premises on which it is to be installed, for those premises. 

This Code is not applicable to sewage management facilities designed to cater 

for sewage generated from: 

a) more than one domestic household not including dual occupancy; or 

b) a system catering for more than 2,500 equivalent persons (EP); or 

c) a system producing more than 750 KL per day. 

The above-mentioned systems will require a formal application to the EPA. If 

approved by the EPA a separate application is then made to Council, 

accompanied by a copy of the EPA approval, to enable Council’s assessment 

and inspection of plumbing and drainage works to proceed. 

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9.0 OTHER SYSTEMS 


Certain installations or portions of installations, which are unusual or large due to 

particular circumstances, may not be covered in detail by this Code. Applicants 

wishing to install on-site sewage management facilities that are not covered by 

this Code or who wish to install “one-off”/prototype, test model [as permitted by 

clause 41(2)], a site-specific system due to site peculiarities or small commercial 

systems under 2,500EP but greater than 10EP will need to supply a wastewater 

report including all details of the system (as required by the Local Government 

(General) Regulation 2005, Clause 26). 

Council will consider the merits of each case to determine if development should 

proceed, or if an alternative method of effluent application/reuse can be 

employed. 

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10.0 WATER CONSERVATION 


A fundamental consideration for on-site sewage management is that of water 

conservation. Less water used in the home is less wastewater to collect, store, 

treat and dispose of on-site. The minimisation of the hydraulic loading of on-site 

sewage management facilities will improve the efficiency of the system and 

increase the operating life of the wastewater application/reuse area. In addition 

to this, water conservation is consistent with the principles of ecological 

sustainability. This Code specifies minimum standards of water conservation that 

must be met by all domestic, light commercial/industrial premises that have an 

on-site sewage management facility. 

10.1 Performance Objective 

To ensure the efficient operation of on-site sewage management facilities 

through water conservation practices. 

10.2 General Requirements 

Where a proposal to install a dishwasher is considered, the hydraulic 

calculations used in sizing treatment and application/reuse areas shall be 

increased by 5 litres per person per dishwasher per day. 

Spa baths larger than a domestic bath shall not be connected to the on-site 

sewage management facility. Such facilities must be provided with a separate 

application/reuse system that is consistent with the provisions of this Code. 

The use/installation of food disposal units in residences serviced by on-site 

wastewater treatment systems shall be restricted. 

10.3 Deemed to Satisfy Provisions 

Adoption and compliance with relevant BASIX principles. As a minimum, all 

dwellings in unsewered areas shall be provided with the following water 

conservation devices: 

a) Dual 3/6 litre flush toilet cisterns to toilets. 

b) Water efficient fixtures with a ‘AAA’ Water Conservation Rating. 

c) Where new washing machines are installed, these appliances must carry a 

‘AAA’ Water Conservation Rating. 

10.4 Alternatives to Deemed to Satisfy Provisions 

Alternatives to the deemed to satisfy provisions may be approved where the 

proponent can demonstrate that water conservation practices can meet 

Performance Objective 10.1. 

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11.0 SITE AND SYSTEM EVALUATION 



To ensure that the design of on-site sewage management facilities take into 

account all relevant site characteristics and design requirements applicable to 

either domestic and light commercial/industrial premises in unsewered areas. 

11.2 Requirements for Subdivisions 

Required on-site sewage management information in respect of the creation of 

additional lots with dwelling/occupancy entitlements shall be submitted at the 

rezoning application stage. 

Soil permeability values shall be derived from an approved textural classification 

method for representative soil samples. 

The number of values shall be no less than three values for each terrain 

(homogenous soil) type, from locations that are representative of the areas 

likely to be used for effluent application/reuse on each lot. Terrain types must be 

determined by a minimum of three additional and representative soil 

observations. 

11.3 Requirements for Single Lots 

On-site sewage management information for single or existing lots for which 

there is a dwelling/occupancy entitlement, shall be submitted as an application 

to install/construct/alter a sewage management facility (under s.68 of the Local 

Government Act), with the Development Application for any proposal to occupy 

the site, or with the application to install/construct/alter a sewage management 

facility (under s.68 of the Local Government Act) for any proposal to increase 

the hydraulic loading of an existing use of the lot. 

Soil permeability values shall be derived from an approved textural classification 

method for representative soil samples. 

The number of values shall be no less than three values from locations 

representative of the area to be used for on-site application/reuse. 

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CONSTRUCT DOMESTIC SEWAGE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES 

The following information shall be required as a minimum to accompany an 

application that incorporates on-site sewage management proposals: 

12.1 Site Plan 

A single plan or similar readily understood presentation such as overlays 

showing: 

• scale 

• allotment layout 

• contours at 1m or 2m intervals 

• surface drainage channels, water courses, bores used for potable or 

domestic supply, dams and water supply catchments (including intermittent 

watercourses) 

• geological and soil permeability test hole sites. 

• mapping of gully and watercourse vegetation for retention as a nutrient filter 

for reduction of nutrients from both sewage and non-sewage sources 

• zones of exclusion (e.g. setbacks from intermittent and permanent water 

courses, areas where soil absorption is inadequate, flood affected areas, 

slope in excess of 20%) 

• zones of similar conditions (e.g. recommended treatment and/or 

application/reuse and site conditions). 

12.2 Geotechnical/Wastewater Report 

A signed and dated report prepared by a suitably qualified person detailing a 

comprehensive site evaluation. The evaluation shall include: 

• Site Assessment 

• Flood potential 

• Aspect and Exposure (i.e. sun/wind exposure) 

• Slope (%) and Erosion potential 

• Description of site geology 

• Rocks/rock outcrops (% of land surface) 

• Presence of fill 

• Site drainage/run-on surface and seepage waters 

• Determination of whether seasonal water table exists or appears likely to 

exist during normal seasonal variations within 1.5m of the surface and the 

likelihood of groundwater existing within 3 metres of the surface. 

• Buffer distances to relevant features including set back distances from 

permanent or intermittent watercourses and dams. 

• Land areas available 

• Identification of any environmental factors which may affect the selection of 

the form of on-site sewage treatment and application/reuse, including the 

sensitivity of the catchment to nutrients or pathogens and studies indicating 

the potential affect of the proposed development. 

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12.3 Soil Assessment 


• Soil description including: 

• soil horizons and their depth (from the soil surface to a minimum depth 

of 1.2m), 

• oil texture (hand textures). 

• Soil structure (visual assessment): 

• soil colour (visual assessment). 

• coarse fragments (visual estimation of volume and size range). 

• shrink/swell capacity (visual assessment). 

• Bulk Density (g/cm3). 

• Soil pH. 

• Electrical Conductivity. 

• Sodicity. 

• Cation Exchange Capacity (0-0.4m for application/reuse systems only). 

• Phosphorus Absorption Ratio (0-1m for irrigation or 0.1m below base of 

absorption area). 

• Dispersiveness (Emerson test) 

12.4 Sewage Management System Details 

Recommended method of sewage treatment and effluent application/reuse 

based on the available data. Full design calculations for the system (including 

effluent application area sizing based on hydraulic and/or nutrient loadings as 

appropriate) must be included. 

12.5 Certificate of Compliance 

At the completion of installation, construction or alteration of a system of 

sewage management, the system is not permitted to be operated until such 

time as the Council, has issued in writing to the applicant, a Compliance 

Certificate certifying that the system has been installed, constructed or altered 

in accordance with the approval as issued by the Council. 

NOTE: Where soil amelioration works are approved by Council, a suitably 

qualified person shall certify the works as executed and furnish Council 

with a further report detailing the level of compliance, particularly in 

relation to the long term acceptability of the soils. 

The information that is to accompany such applications (and applications 

for approval to alter a sewage management facility) is to be determined by 

Council in each particular case. Section 81 of the Local Government Act 

1993 provides that an application for an approval under Part 1 of Chapter 

7 of that Act (in which category such applications fall) must be 

accompanied by “such matters as may be prescribed by the regulations 

and such matters specified by the council as may be necessary to provide 

sufficient information to enable the council to determine the application''. 

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CONSTRUCT COMMERCIAL SEWAGE MANAGEMENT 

FACILITIES 

Any proposal not of a domestic nature, or expected to receive an equivalent daily 

wastewater volume between 10 EP and 2500 EP is typically regarded as a 

commercial sewage management facility, or a package wastewater treatment 

plant. 

Technically a Commercial Sewage Management Facility (CSMF) or a Package 

Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) can be described as any pre-fabricated or 

pre-engineered treatment system, although generic designs are available, most 

are designed for a specific wastewater stream. The CSMF are generally 

designed to accept and treat small to medium wastewater flows independent of a 

reticulated sewage system 

Council requires the following information to be supplied by the applicant to 

assist with the assessment and determination of an application for a CSMF: 

13.1 Project description: 

• A broad outline of the proposal. 

• Type and size of facility to be served. 

• Proposed installation. 

• Means of application/reuse of the final effluent. 

13.2 Plans and Drawings: 

Plans or a similar readily understood presentation such as overlays showing: 

• Plan and section drawings of the CSMF, ponds and baffles, land application 

area or discharge point. 

• Inlet and outlet arrangements. Major chambers and components of the 

CSMF. 

13.3 Flow and load assessment: 

• Size and type of facility to be served 

• Hydraulic, nutrient and organic load 

• List each load generating process (eg, commercial kitchen, laundry etc) 

• Types of facility served and per capita flow calculation (L/day) 

• Calculation of peak flow and average flow 

• Determination of flow balancing requirements 

13.4 Treatment process description: 

• Description of treatment process selected. 

• Schematic flow diagram to show stages in treatment process. 

• Details of major components of treatment system equipment, such as 

aerators, sprays, pumps, etc and their operating efficiencies. 

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13.5 Projected wastewater quality: 


To ascertain the composition of the wastewater and any special provision 

required of the treatment system. 

Analysis of, or estimated quality of expected wastewater load in terms of: 

• Temperature 

• PH, 

• Suspended solids (non-filtrable residue), 

• Faecal coliforms, 

• Nutrient content (N and P). 

• BOD5 at 200C, 

• Oil, grease, floating solids 

• Radioactivity, 

• Infectious or contagious materials 

• Restricted substances 

13.6 System selection: 

Consider advantages and disadvantages of various system types and 

limitations of systems, to ensure appropriate system selection and sizing. 

13.7 Site Plan: 

A plan, series of plans, or similar readily understood presentation such, as 

overlays showing: 

• Scale 

• Allotment layout 

• Boundaries and the surrounding locality 

• Contours at 1m or 2m intervals 

• Surface drainage channels, water courses, bores used for potable or 

domestic supply, dams and water supply catchments (including intermittent 

watercourses) 

• Geological and soil permeability test hole sites. 

• Mapping of gully and watercourse vegetation for retention as a nutrient filter 

for reduction of nutrients from both sewage and non-sewage sources 

• Zones of exclusion (e.g. setbacks from intermittent and permanent water 

courses, areas where soil absorption is inadequate, flood affected areas, 

slope in excess of 20%) 

• Zones of similar conditions (e.g. recommended treatment and/or 

application/reuse and site conditions). 

13.8 Disinfection: 

• Description of selected disinfection system. 

• Necessity for disinfection and, if required relative merits of disinfection 

options. 

• Description of the chosen method of disinfection appropriate for selected 

land application or discharge. 

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13.9 Estimated load for land application or discharge: 

• Qualification of expected load for land application or discharge. 

• Expected maximum volume of load to be land applied or discharged (L/day). 

• Expected average volume of load to be land applied or discharged (L/day). 

• Proposed method of measurement of load to be land applied or discharged. 

• Description of sludge disposal method and estimated quantity of sludge to be 

generated. 

13.10 Expected treated wastewater quality: 

To ascertain the composition of the treated wastewater prior to land application 

or discharge. 

Analysis of, or estimated quality of expected wastewater load in terms of: 

• Temperature 

• PH, 

• Suspended solids (non-filtrable residue), 

• Faecal coliforms, 

• Nutrient content (N and P). 

• BOD5 at 200C, 

• Oil, grease, floating solids 

• Radioactivity, 

• Infectious or contagious materials 

• Restricted substances 

13.11 Land application or reuse system selection: 

• Rationale for and justification of type of land application or reuse system 

selected. 

• Consider advantages, disadvantages and suitability of various land 

application and reuse systems. 

• A schematic flowsheet of the land application or discharge method proposed. 

• To ensure suitable land application or reuse system is chosen to provide the 

necessary public health and environmental protection. 

13.12 Land application system sizing 

Site and soil assessment for land application area sizing. 

• Soil characteristics: 

° Soil profile - horizons 

° Soil textural analysis 

° Soil hydraulic conductivity 

° Appropriate loading rate 

° Erosion potential 

° Emersion test 

• Topography: 

° Gradient & Slope form 

° Flood potential 

° Aspect 

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• Description of climate: 

° Rainfall 

° Evaporation 

° Storm intensities 

° Prevailing wind 

• Vegetation: 

° Cover/proposed cover 

° Crop factor 

• Water balance calculations 

• Nutrient balance (N and P) 

• Groundwater: 

° Depth to groundwater 

° Location of existing wells 

° On-site / Adjacent to site 

° Current use of groundwater 

° Groundwater recharge area? 

° Groundwater chemistry 

• Surface waters: 

° Proximity 

° Current use 

° Flow characteristics 

• Pre-treatment: 

° Design of pre-treatment 

° Effect on constituents loads 

° Disinfection method 

° Implications for soil 

• Type of application/reuse system: 

° spray, trickle or drip, 

° surface or sub-surface. 

• Site Plan: 

° Proximity to dwellings, etc. 

° Proximity to sensitive receptors, eg, play areas etc. 

° Applicable buffer zones. 

• A schematic diagram of the system controls including pipes, pumps 

valves, timers and alarms. 

13.13 Staged development plan: 

• Description of staged development, if planned. 

• Indication of the size and timing of stages of the development served by the 

package treatment plant. 

13.14 Certificate of Compliance 

At the completion of installation, construction or alteration of a system of 

sewage management, the system is not permitted to be operated until such 

time as the Council, has issued in writing to the applicant, a Compliance 

Certificate certifying that the system has been installed, constructed or altered 

in accordance with the approval as issued by the Council. 

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NOTE: Where soil amelioration works are approved by Council, a suitably 

qualified person shall certify the works as executed and furnish Council 

with a further report detailing the level of compliance, particularly in 

relation to the long term acceptability of the soils. 

The information that is to accompany such applications (and applications 

for approval to alter a sewage management facility) is to be determined by 

Council in each particular case. Section 81 of the Local Government Act 

1993 provides that an application for an approval under Part 1 of Chapter 

7 of that Act (in which category such applications fall) must be 

accompanied by “such matters as may be prescribed by the regulations 

and such matters specified by the council as may be necessary to provide 

sufficient information to enable the council to determine the application''. 

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14.0 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES 


The treatment and application of sewage and wastewaters from either domestic 

or light commercial/industrial premises in unsewered areas shall comply with the 

following performance objectives. 

14.1 Treatment of Wastewater Prior to Application 

Note: Whilst Port Macquarie Hastings Council supports the reuse of wastewater, 

the quality of wastewaters must meet these standards pre-treatment. The 

level of treatment will depend on the nature of the wastewaters for which 

reuse is sought and the reuse purpose and method. 

The discharge of untreated wastewaters in any form is not acceptable. 

14.1.1 Performance Objective 

To ensure that all wastewater generated from domestic and light 

commercial/industrial premises is treated by an effective on-site sewage 

management facility prior to application of the effluent. 

14.1.2 General Requirements 

Prior to the installation of the sewage management facility, approval shall be 

obtained from Council under Section 68 of the Local Government Act, 1993. 

14.1.3 Deemed to Satisfy Provisions 

Installing a sewage management facility complying with the following 

satisfies Performance Objective 14.1.1: 

a) Septic tanks and collection wells designed and manufactured to comply 

with Australian Standard 1546-1990 and the NSW Health Departments 

"Design Requirements and Installation Guidelines for Septic Tanks and 

Collection Wells". 

All septic tanks and collection wells must display the Australian 

Standards mark, the number which has been licensed to the 

manufacturer by Standards Australia, the date of manufacture, the 

manufacturer’s name or registered trade mark and the capacity in litres. 

b) Aerated Wastewater Treatment Systems (AWTS) approved, installed 

and operated in accordance with a NSW Health Department Certificate 

of Approval. AWTS must be maintained on a three (3) monthly basis to 

ensure that wastewater produced complies with the following standard: 

• BOD5 less than 20mg/L. 

• SS less than 30mg/L. 

• Free Residual Chlorine 

° 0.5mg/L (minimum). 

° 2.0 mg/L (maximum). 

• Faecal coliforms less than 30 cfu/100ml. 

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c) Waterless and Wet Composting Toilets approved, installed and 

operated in accordance with a NSW Health Department Certificate of 

Approval. 

d) Systems, which are ancillary to the above, including aerobic, sand 

filters, artificial wetlands and the like. 

14.1.4 Alternatives to Deemed to Satisfy Provisions 

The following treatment devices may be granted approval by Council where 

the proponent can demonstrate that the treatment device will meet 

Performance Objective 14.1.1: 

a) A treatment device that is to be installed or constructed as a model for 

the purposes of a trial or testing. 

b) A treatment device that is designed and is to be constructed by the 

owner or the occupier of the premises on which it is to be installed. 

c) A treatment device that is specifically designed, by a person other than 

the owner or occupier of the premises on which it is to be installed, for 

those premises. 

Applications must be submitted will full design details, treatment principles, 

operation and maintenance requirements for the alternate treatment system. 

14.2 On-Site Effluent Application Methods - Type and Design 

Note: Whilst Port Macquarie Hastings Council supports the reuse of effluent, the 

quality of wastewaters must meet environment and health standards 

relevant to the reuse purpose and method. The discharge of untreated 

wastewaters as a means of reuse is not acceptable. 

14.2.1 Performance objective 

To ensure that: 

a) appropriate types of on-site effluent application methods are used in the 

Port Macquarie Hastings Local Government Area, and 

b) on-site effluent application systems are designed in accordance with the 

relevant technical standards and Council requirements. 


The following methods of effluent application are deemed to comply with the 

performance objectives for the Port Macquarie Hastings Local Government 

Area subject to their design, construction and operation complying with 

Australian Standard 1547-2000, the NSW Government “Environment & 

Health Protection Guidelines - On-site Sewage Management for Single 

Households” and relevant provisions of this Code. 

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a) Evapotranspiration/Absorption Systems (sub-soil systems) 

b) Sub-surface Application/reuse systems 

c) Surface Drip and Trickle Effluent Application/Reuse Systems 

d) Surface Effluent application/reuse systems (Non-aerosol) 

• (only permitted for tertiary (disinfected) treated wastewaters). 

Note: The use of pump out systems is not permitted other than where 

existing arrangements are documented and approved by Council and 

where there is no alternative available to service existing lots of land 

created prior to the original adoption of this Code. 

On-site effluent application areas must be designed and sized based on 

either hydraulic or nutrient loading, whichever is the limiting factor. 

For the purposes of determining the applicable loading rates, the 

nitrogen/organic matter, phosphorus and hydraulic loading calculations must 

be performed to determine the most limiting factor. 


An alternative to the deemed-to-satisfy provisions may be approved where 

the proponent can demonstrate that the design of the system will meet 

Performance Objective 14.2.1. 

14.3 Size of Site/Effluent Application Area 


To ensure that sufficient suitable land is available specifically for the effective 

long term application of wastewater, in addition to land requirements for 

building and recreational uses. 


The average minimum lot size for any proposed property not serviced by a 

reticulated sewerage system shall be one (1) hectare. Each lot shall have a 

minimum suitable area of land, which will enable the duplication of the area 

required for on-site effluent application. 

Existing lots must have a minimum suitable area of land that will enable the 

duplication of the area required for on-site effluent application. This area of 

land must comply with the relevant aspects of this code. 


Alternatives to the deemed to satisfy provisions may be approved where the 

proponent can demonstrate that on-site sewage management can meet 

Performance Objective 14.3.1, and also having regard to the following: 

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Proponents of unsewered subdivisions with an average minimum lot size 

less than one (1) hectare will need to demonstrate to Council that measures 

proposed to control water pollution can achieve the objectives for water 

quality set by Council. Each lot shall have a minimum suitable area of land 

that will enable the duplication of the area required for on-site effluent 

application. 

Where an existing lot has less than the minimum area specifically for 

wastewater application or reuse, it will be necessary for the proponent to 

demonstrate to Council that long term on-site sewage management can be 

achieved at the site and that measures proposed to control water pollution 

can achieve the objectives for water quality set by Council. 

Note: For the purposes of this code Council's water quality objectives are the 

most current ANZECC "Australian Water Quality Guidelines for Fresh and 

Marine Waters". For the purpose of the required modelling the level of 

gross system failure shall be no greater than 10%. 

14.4 Topography 


To ensure that the location of application/reuse areas on sloping land does 

not; 

a) compromise slope stability, 

b) facilitate the leaching of effluent, 

c) result in overland flow of effluent. 


Land slope must not be greater than; 

a) 6% for surface effluent application areas, 

b) 12% for sub-surface effluent application areas, 

c) 24% for sub-soil effluent application areas. 


On-site effluent application areas on land with a slope that exceeds the 

above may be approved where a qualified geotechnical engineer certifies the 

design and the proponent can demonstrate that the design will meet 


14.5 Run-on and Seepage 


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To ensure that uncontaminated surface and seepage water does not enter 

the on-site effluent application area and transport wastewater off-site. 


Diversion bunds or drainage works shall be installed up-slope of the on-site 

effluent application area to divert uncontaminated surface waters from the 

effluent application area. 

Sub-surface drainage shall be installed up-slope of the on-site effluent 

application area to divert uncontaminated seepage from the effluent 

application area. 

All effluent application areas shall be fully bunded with a minimum 200mm 

high soil bund that will prevent the ingress of stormwater and prevent the 

discharge of wastewater from the application/reuse area. 


An alternative method to the deemed-to-satisfy provisions may be approved 

where the proponent can demonstrate that the design of the system will meet 


14.6 Flooding/Inundation/Saturation 


To mitigate the pollution of surface waters and groundwater and to ensure 

that the integrity of on-site sewage management facilities are not 

compromised. 


On-site effluent application/reuse systems shall be located: 

a) above the 1:20 year flood level, 

b) clear of any area which may suffer from seasonal water saturation and 

or inundation, 

c) with a depth to seasonal water table not less that 1.5m below the base 

of absorption systems and not less than 1.0m below than base of 

surface /sub-surface application/reuse systems, 

d) clear of any gullies or other natural drainage patterns, 

e) 10m up-slope of any stormwater disposal trenches. 

f) All electrical and mechanical components, vents and inspection 

openings shall be located above the 1:100 year flood level. 

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g) The top of the human waste treatment/storage facility shall be located 

150mm above finished ground level. 





14.7 Proximity to Watercourses/Groundwater Bores/Water Storage Tanks 


To prevent the pollution of watercourses, groundwater and water storage 

tanks. 


On-site effluent application areas shall be located to meet the following 

setbacks: 

a) A distance determined using the Beavers Gardiner Method (APPENDIX 

E) from the bank of permanent surface waters (i.e. rivers, streams, 

lakes), but not less than 100m. 

b) A distance determined using the Beavers Gardiner Method (APPENDIX 

E) from the bank of an intermittent watercourse or dam not used for 

potable supply or primary contact recreation, but not less than 40m. 

c) A distance determined using the Beavers Gardiner Method (APPENDIX 

E) from the contour corresponding to the design full supply level for that 

part of any ponded area forming a contact recreation area or an intake 

protection zone for a town water supply intake, but not less than 400m 

d) A distance determined using the Beavers Gardiner Method (APPENDIX 

E) from any bore or well used for domestic water supply, but not less 

than 250m. 





Note: Where high soil permeability and steeper slopes result in long setback 

distances using the Beavers Gardiner Method, setbacks may be 

reduced significantly by treatment using systems which disinfect 

wastewater prior to on-site application/reuse. In this instance the 

attenuation factor used in the Beavers Gardiner Method may be 

reduced from 10 7 to 10³. In these instances, application/reuse of 

wastewater must be by a sub-surface method of application. 

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14.8 Location 



To ensure that sufficient setbacks are provided to on-site sewage 

management facilities such that: 

a) operating and structural integrities are maintained; and 

b) the health of residents is protected. 


The following minimum horizontal buffer distances shall apply to on-site 

sewage management facilities. 

a) Surface spray application/reuse areas: 

• 6m if area up-slope and 3m if area down-slope or level with driveways, 

property boundaries and buildings, 

• 15m to dwellings, 

• 3m to paths / walkways, 

• 6m to swimming pools. 

b) Surface drip, trickle and sub-surface application/reuse areas: 


property boundaries, buildings and swimming pools. 

c) Absorption system application/reuse areas: 

• 12m if area up-slope and 6m if area down-slope or level with property 

boundaries, 


buildings and swimming pools, 

• 1.5m between adjoining trenches 

d) Not closer than 2m to any water supply pipe, gas pipe, underground 

power line, Telecom cable, storm water drain or any other pipeline not 

being part of an approved system. 

e) Not closer than 15m from any underground water tank. 

f) Clear of any area used for the growing of fruit and vegetables or any food 

used for human consumption. 

g) All application/reuse areas must be located in an area receiving good 

sunlight and exposure to prevailing breezes. 

h) All application/reuse areas shall be located clear of vehicular access and 

recreation areas. 

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i) On rural and other premises supporting grazing stock, on-site sewage 

management facilities (including effluent application/reuse areas) shall be 

fenced or other physical barriers provided to prevent the entry of grazing 

stock and other animals. 

j) Waste treatment devices shall be located not less than 1.5m from any 

building, other structure or property boundary so as not to affect any 

structural elements of buildings. As a guide tanks should be installed 

sufficiently clear of buildings to provide an angle of repose of at least 45 O 

between the bottom of the footing and the base of the tank. 


An alternative to the deemed-to-satisfy provisions may be approved where 

the proponent can demonstrate that the design of the system will meet 


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15.0 WET WEATHER MANAGEMENT 



To minimise potential environmental degradation and public health risk through 

the provision of adequate wet weather management for on-site sewage 

management facilities. 

15.2 General Provisions 

There are no specific requirements within this Code at present in relation to the 

provision of wet weather storage for on-site sewage management facilities. 

However, the Code attempts to address the issue of wet weather management 

through a combination of system design and additional controls. 

In this respect, requirements for the provision of controls such as bunding, 

upstream surface water diversion and seepage diversion drains are considered 

appropriate. 

15.3 Deemed to Satisfy Provisions 

The following on-site effluent application systems are deemed to incorporate an 

acceptable level of wet weather management: 

a) Soil absorption systems designed, installed and operated in accordance 

with this Code. 

b) Evapotranspiration Areas designed, installed and operated in accordance 

with this Code. 

c) Effluent Application/Reuse Areas designed, installed and operated in 

accordance with this Code. 

15.4 Alternatives to Deemed to Satisfy Provisions 

An alternative to the deemed to satisfy provisions may be approved where the 

proponent can demonstrate that the design of the system will meet Performance 

Objective 7.1. 

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16.0 DEFINITIONS 


For the purposes of these criteria the following definitions shall apply: 

Blackwater 

The domestic wastes from water closets. 

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) 

A measure of the dissolved oxygen required for the breakdown of organic 

material in wastewater; usually refers to a 5-day test (BOD5), typically represents 

70-80% of the total BOD in a sample; expressed in milligrams / litre (mg/L). 

Greywater 

The domestic waste from baths, showers, basins, laundry and kitchens. 

Human Waste Storage Facility 

A device for the holding or disposing of human waste including cesspit, septic 

tank, septic closet, chemical closet, humus closet, collection well, aerated 

wastewater treatment device and combustion closet. 

Intermittent Water Course 

A natural or artificial channel, identifiable by a recognisable bed and banks, 

along which rainwater or stormwater usually or occasionally flows. The term 

does not include a closed conduit for conveying stormwater. 

Long Term Acceptance Rate (LTAR) 

The long term average rate a wastewater can be absorbed into the soil of an 

effluent application/reuse system, expressed in litres per square metre per day, 

which is dependent on the following; 

a) For the wastewater: 

i the quality; and 

ii the method of dosing. 

b) For the soil: 

i the permeability, 

ii the organic slime layer on the wastewater-soil interfaces in equilibrium. 

Note: 

If the organic loading rate is; 

i less than the natural rate of decay, clogging is unlikely; or 

ii greater than the natural rate of decay, clogging is likely. 

for each type of soil, the LTAR is less than the permeability (P). 

35 of 48



Measurement of Distance 

Distances mentioned in these guidelines are measured in a horizontal plane. 

Reticulated Sewerage System 

A system comprising a common main collecting all sewage from all lots and 

taking such sewage to a single treatment and eff point. 

For the purposes of this definition a common main shall mean a Council owned 

sewerage collection main which services more than one (1) lot of land. 

Reticulated Water Supply 

Continuously available supply of water from a public or private mains system. 

Sewage 

Wastewater, being any matter or thing, whether solid or liquid or a combination 

of solids and liquids, which is of a kind that may be removed from a human 

waste storage facility, a sullage pit or grease trap, or from any holding tank or 

other container forming part of or used in connection with a human waste 

storage facility, sullage pit or grease trap. 

Sewage Management Facility 

A human waste storage facility, or a waste treatment device intended to treat 

sewage, and includes a drain connected to such a facility or device. 

SS 

Suspended Solids. 

Suitably Qualified Person 

A person holding a qualification in soil mechanics geology or environmental 

management with demonstrated experience in the design of wastewater 

application/reuse systems. 

Sullage 

Has the same meaning as greywater. 

Useable Land 

Means that part of a lot, which does not have zoning or development or land use 

restrictions preventing wastewater application/reuse in accordance with the 

objectives of this code. Usable land also excludes any setbacks or buffers 

required by this code. 

Water Course 

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Means any river, stream, lake, lagoon, swamp, wetlands, unconfined surface 

water, natural or artificial watercourse, dam or tidal waters (including the sea), or 

part there of, and includes water channels and any underground or artesian 

water or any part thereof. 

Waste Treatment Device 

For the purposes of this Code shall have the same meaning as a human waste 

storage facility. 

Wastewater 

The liquid discharge from a water user, having been contaminated by domestic, 

commercial, or industrial operations. The composition of wastewater will vary in 

its constituent ratios and quantities over time. Wastewater includes the liquid 

discharge following treatment in a septic tank installation, sullage treatment 

tank, aeration system or other human waste treatment device. 

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17.0 REFERENCES 


AS/NZS 1547-2000 

- On-site domestic wastewater management; 

Standards Australia, 2000 

AS NZS 1546.1-1998 

- On-site domestic wastewater treatment units, 

- Septic tanks; 


AS NZS 1546.2-2001 


- Waterless composting toilets; 


AS NZS 1546.3-2001 


-Aerated wastewater treatment systems; 


AS NZS 3500-2003 

- National Plumbing and Drainage; 


Environmental and Health Protection Guidelines 

- On-site Sewage Management for Single Households; 

NSW Dept. of Local Government, 1998. 

Environmental Guidelines for the Use of Effluent by Irrigation; 

NSW Dept. of Environment and Conservation, October 2004, 

Volume 2 of Technical Papers, 15th Federal Convention of the AWWA; 

Beavers P.D and Gardiner E.A, Gold Coast 1993 [p: 530-535]. 

Standard Code for the Investigation, Design, Construction Maintenance and 

Inspection of On-site Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems; 

Maroochy Shire Council, 1995. 

Code of Practice - Septic Tanks; 

Victorian Government, EPA(Vic.), 1990, Melbourne, 1996 

38 of 48


18.0 APPENDIX 


39 of 48



APPENDIX A. APPLICATION FORM TO INSTALL/CONSTRUCT/ALTER 

A SEWAGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY 

APPENDIX B. APPLICATION FORM FOR APPROVAL TO OPERATE A 

SEWAGE MANAGEMENT FACILITY 

The above attachments are attached hereto in hard copy and marked “Appendix A” and 

“Appendix B” 

APPENDIX C. ON-SITE SEWAGE MANAGEMENT REPORT 

CHECKLIST 

40 of 48


APPLICANTS NAME: 


LOT & DP: 

STREET AND TOWN: 

REPORT: 

• Site locality plan 

• Site assessment (in accordance with section 4.0) 

• Soil assessment (in accordance with section 4.0) 

• Tabulated permeability results 

• Tabulated description of soil factors 

• Tabulated soil tests results 

• Setback distance calculations where applicable 

• Findings of investigation 

• Consideration of potential environmental effects 

• Water quality management plan where applicable 

• Design calculations 

• Sewage treatment and application/reuse area calculations and 

recommendations 

• Report signed and dated by a qualified person 

SOIL TESTING 

PLAN 

• Approved test method 

• Test hole dimensions stated 

• Adequate number of tests 

• Description of soil factors and profile to 1.2m depth 

• Tests located at likely application/reuse areas 

• Tests located at each terrain type for likely application/reuse areas 

• All information shown on a single plan or suitable equivalent 

• Plan provided at a nominated and accurate scale 

• Proposed lot layout shown (where applicable) 

• Test sites accurately located 

• Watercourses/dams/bores/gullies shown 

• Site contours shown 

• Cuts and embankments shown 

• Vegetation types shown 

• Wastewater exclusion zones shown, including: 

° areas of poor absorption. 

° areas of unsuitable land slope 

° areas of inadequate soil cover 

° areas below 1:20 flood level 

° watercourse setback requirements 

° areas of unsuitable soils 

• Suitable effluent application/reuse and reserve application/reuse areas shown 

41 of 48



APPENDIX D. CRITERIA FOR ACCEPTED AERATED WASTEWATER 

TREATMENT SYSTEM SERVICE CONTRACTORS 

(adopted from the Hunter, Central Coast and Mid-North Coast Septic Tank Action 

Group (STAG) Regional Guidelines) 

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1. Date Adopted: August 24, 2005. Date Amended: August 29, 2007 

2. Background 

a) Under the provision of Clause 41 of the Local Government (General) Regulation, 

2005, Councils must, prior to approving the installation or construction of a sewage 

management facility, be satisfied the facility has been accredited by the NSW 

Department of Health. 

b) Each such accreditation requires Council to include on the Approval to Operate a 

Sewage Management Facility a condition that requires the owner/occupier of a 

premise to enter into an annual service contract with a service contractor or 

company acceptable to the Local Council. 

3. Purpose 

a) To establish a register of persons or companies who as Accepted Aerated 

Wastewater Treatment System (“AWTS”) Service Contractors can undertake 

servicing of approved AWTS’s in the Central Coast, Hunter and Mid-North Coast 

Local Government areas including Maitland, Cessnock, Dungog, Gosford, Upper 

Hunter Shire, Port Stephens, Singleton, Muswellbrook, Wyong, Lake Macquarie, 

Newcastle, Greater Taree and Port Macquarie-Hastings. (STAG Councils). 

b) To define the minimum acceptable qualification and experience required to enable 

a person or company to be included on the Register of Accepted AWTS Service 

Contractors. 

4. Aim 

a) To ensure only suitably qualified and competent persons or companies are 

included on the Register of Accepted AWTS Service Contractors. 

b) To ensure AWTS’s are serviced correctly by competent contractors such that the 

risk to the environment and public health is reduced. 

5. Application Process 

a) The applicant must complete the attached “APPLICATION FOR AWTS SERVICE 

CONTRACTORS” and lodge the application along with all supporting 

documentation with any one of the member Councils of the Septic Tank Action 

Group (“STAG”). 

b) The application will then be tabled at the next quarterly meeting of STAG Councils 

where the application will be determined against the assessment criteria outlined 

in this policy. 

c) A successful application requires a unanimous vote by all STAG Councils. 

d) The applicant will be notified in writing of the STAG Councils’ decision. 

43 of 48



e) A successful applicant will receive a Certificate of Acceptance and be placed on 

the STAG Register of Local Council Accepted AWTS Service Contractors (STAG 

Register). Acceptance on the register is subject to section 5 below. 

f) An unsuccessful applicant may appeal against the STAG Councils’ decision 

directly to individual Councils for acceptance to operate within that Council’s area 

only. In these circumstances the applicant will not be placed on the STAG register. 

6. The STAG Register 

a) The STAG register will be retained by the incumbent STAG secretary and will be 

available by contacting that person when required. 

b) Once accepted and placed on the register, service reports from the applicant will 

be accepted in all STAG Council areas. 

c) Acceptance on the register remains valid indefinitely unless: 

i) The register is called for review by any STAG Councils member. 

ii) A STAG Council member formally requests that a specific service provider be 

reviewed for removal by the group. 

iii) A service provider formally requests that their name be removed from the 

register. The request must be made in writing. 

d) Any changes to the list must be formally voted on at a STAG meeting in 

accordance with section 4 above. 

7. Assessment Criteria 

The following criteria must be addressed in any application to be an “Accepted 

AWTS Service Contractor”; 

a) 100 AWTS services over a period of 6 months in the employment of or under the 

supervision of an Accepted AWTS Service Contractor; OR Other such equivalent 

experience in servicing AWTS. 

b) Proof of experience must be provided. 

c) Attendance at a recognised AWTS training course by the Accepted Contractor. 

Current recognised courses include; “Aerated Waste water Treatment System 

Maintenance Procedures, conducted by Australian Water Technologies Training 

Services” and “On-site Wastewater Management Training Course, conducted by 

the Centre for Environmental Training”. Other suitable courses may by considered 

as “recognised AWTS training courses” by applying to STAG. 

d) Provision of 24hr emergency breakdown service as condition of service contracts 

with AWTS owners. 

e) Service report sheet layout of equivalent standard to the attached proforma. 

f) Proof of access to spare parts, in particular pumps, blowers and chlorine supplies. 

44 of 48



g) Access to manufacturers service manuals for relevant AWTS’s. 

h) Certificate of currency showing insurance for a minimum of $10million Public and 

Product Liability for AWTS service activities. 

Note: Information in relation to insurances held by AWTS service contractors is for 

the use of STAG Councils only. STAG Councils will use this information for 

the sole purpose of determining the suitability of an applicant to be placed 

on the register at the time the application is made. STAG Councils do not 

accept any liability or responsibility for the currency, accuracy or adequacy 

of any certificates of insurance provided to STAG Councils. AWTS owners 

and members of the public should make their own enquires as to the 

currency, accuracy and adequacy of all insurance policies held by Accepted 

AWTS Service Contractors) 

45 of 48



APPLICATION FOR AWTS SERVICE CONTRACTORS 

Use this form to apply for inclusion on the register of Local Council Accepted Aerated 

Wastewater Treatment System Service Contractors for the Central Coast, Hunter and 

Mid-North Coast Local Government areas including Maitland, Cessnock, Dungog, 

Gosford, Upper Hunter Shire, Port Stephens, Singleton, Muswellbrook, Wyong, Lake 

Macquarie, Newcastle, Greater Taree and Port Macquarie-Hastings. (STAG Councils). 

PART 1: APPLICANT DETAILS 

Title Mr Mrs Miss Ms 

Other 

Family name (or company) 

Given names (or ACN) 

Contact person (if company) 

Postal address 

Post Code 

We will post our reply to this address 

Phone ( ) Alternative phone ( ) 

Fax ( ) E-mail 

PART 2: ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 

Details of experience in the servicing of AWTS 

Name of Employer/supervisor 

Date of employment/supervision: from 

to 

No. of services: 

Attendance at recognised AWTS training course (Attach certificate/s). 

Name of recognised Course 

Date of attendance 

Name of person/s attending 

46 of 48


Attach proof of experience: 


• references from your employer/supervisor, 

• log book of services, 

• copies of service sheets, or 

• other suitable evidence of experience 

Attach a copy of: 

• standard customer contract. 

• service report. 

• service manuals (front cover only) 

Types of AWTS serviced 

Details for 24hr emergency breakdown: 

Name of contact person 

24hr breakdown number 

Access to spare parts: 

Name and address of supplier for: 

Pumps and blowers 

Chlorine 

Insurance 

Name of Insurance Company 

Type of insurance cover 

Level of insurance 

Attach a copy of certificate of currency (must be less than 72 hrs old at time of 

lodgement). 

47 of 48



APPENDIX E. BEAVERS GARDINER METHOD FOR CALCULATION OF 

SETBACK DISTANCE FROM A WATERCOURSE / BORE 

The method is based on known rates of inactivation of viruses over time in groundwater. 

It has been demonstrated that temperature in the single most important predictor of 

virus inactivation. Using known groundwater temperature and a desired order of 

magnitude reduction in virus numbers, travel time may be calculated. The distance 

travelled over this time for a given soil type and slope may then be calculated using 

Darcy’s Law. This distance then becomes the minimum safe setback distance from a 

water course or bore used for domestic water supply. 

Beavers and Gardiner recommend that a decrease of seven orders of magnitude will be 

required in the number of viruses in septic tank wastewater for the final wastewater to 

achieve the WHO standard of no detectable viruses in 1000 litres of water. 

Using the Beavers Gardiner Method, and assuming a minimum groundwater 

temperature of 15 o C, this level of inactivation will take approximately 50 days. 15 o C has 

been selected as the design minimum of Hastings LGA. For different minimum 

temperatures, refer to Figure 1 of Reference 1 (Appendix D). The setback distance 

may then be calculated using the modified form of Darcy’s Law below: 

D = [tKi]/ne 

Where: t = travel times, days [use 50 days] 

K = saturated hydraulic conductivity m/day 

[Permeability “P” may be used as K, see AS1547-1994, Appendix B] 

I = hydraulic gradient m/m (i.e. of watertable) 

ne = effective porosity [generally use 0.2, or 0.1 for sand free of fines] 

D = distance, m 

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Council's On-site Sewage Management Code - Hastings Council ...

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