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Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC). 1989. Primary Operable Units Designation Project. WHC-EP-0216, Environmental Engineering Group, Westinghouse Hanford Company, Richland, Washington. WHC (see Westinghouse Hanford Company). Williams, B.A., B.N. Bjornstad, R. Schalla, and W.D. Webber. 2000. “Identification of Separate Suprabasalt Aquifers and Temporal Changes in Groundwater Contaminant Preferential Flow Paths with the Hanford Site 200 East Area, Richland, Washington.” In: Hydrogeology of Washington State Symposium. Tacoma, Washington. Williams, B.A., B.N. Bjornstad, R. Schalla, and W.D. Webber. 2002. Revised Hydrogeology for the Suprabasalt Aquifer System, 200-West Area and Vicinity, Hanford Site, Washington. PNNL-13858, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington. WNHP (see Washington Natural Heritage Program). Wolf, E.G. 1976. “Characterization of the Benthos Community.” In: Final Report on Aquatic Ecological Studies Conducted at the Hanford Generating Project, prepared by Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories for United Engineers and Constructors, Inc. for Washington Public Power Supply System under Contract No. 2311201335, Richland, Washington. Wolf, E.G., T.L. Page, and D.A. Neitzel. 1976. “Phytoplankton Community: Primary Productivity, Pigment Concentration, Species Composition and Relative Abundance of Phytoplankton, and Physicochemical Analysis, Section 2.” In: Final Report on Aquatic Ecological Studies Conducted at the Hanford Generating Project, 1973-1974, WPPSS Columbia River Ecological Studies, Vol. 1. Prepared by Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories for Washington Public Power Supply System, Richland, Washington. Wood, M.I., R. Schalla, B.N. Bjornstad, and S.M. Narbutovskih. 2000. Subsurface Conditions Description of the B-BX-BY Waste Management Area. HNF-5507, Rev. 0. CH2M HILL Hanford Group Incorporated, Richland, Washington. Woody, D.M. 2003. Maximizing Value of an Archaeological Database at a Federal Facility in the Mid-Columbia. Unpublished Masters Thesis, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, Washington. Wright, M.K. 1993. Fiscal Year 1992 Report on Archaeological Surveys of the 100 Areas, Hanford Site, Washington. PNL-8819, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington. Wurstner, S.K., and M.D. Freshley. 1994. Predicted Impacts of Future Water Level Decline on Monitoring Wells Using a Ground-Water Model of the Hanford Site. PNL-10196, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington. 4.200
Wydoski, R.S., and R.R. Whitney. 1979. Inland Fishes of Washington. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington. Yakama (see Treaty with the Yakama). Zhang, Z.F., A.L. Ward and G.W. Gee. 2003. “A Tensorial Connectivity-Tortuosity Concept to Describe the Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties of Anisotropic Soils.” Vadose Zone Journal 2: 313- 321. Zimmerman, D.A., A.E. Reisenauer, G.D. Black, and M.A. Young. 1986. Hanford Site Water Table Changes, 1950 through 1980 - Data Observations and Evaluation. PNL-5506, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington. 4.201
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PNNL-6415 Rev. 18 Hanford Site Nati
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PNNL-6415 Rev. 18 Hanford Site Nati
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Preface This document describes the
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Acknowledgements As editor of Revis
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Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbol
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Glossary Accrete. To grow or fuse t
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Table of Contents Preface .........
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4.5 Ecology........................
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6.0 Statutory and Regulatory Requir
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Figures Figure 4.0-1. U.S. Departme
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Figure 4.10-1. Occupational Injury
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Table 4.1-1. Table 4.1-2. Tables St
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Table A7. Table A8. Joint Frequency
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Introduction 4.0 Affected Environme
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• 300 Area. The 300 Area, encompa
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4.1 Climate and Meteorology K. W. B
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Table 4.1-1. Station Numbers, Names
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Figure 4.1-2. Wind Roses at the 9.1
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Figure 4.1-3. Wind Roses at the 60-
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more than half of the annual amount
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4.2 Air Quality B. G. Fritz A varie
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meet one or more ambient air standa
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4.2.2.2 Emissions of Nonradiologica
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concentration at the HMS during 200
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The Clean Air Act requires the impl
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4.3 Geology M. A. Chamness and M. D
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Figure 4.3.2. Physical and Structur
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4.3.2.1 Stratigraphy of Rocks Older
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significant topography. Continued u
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During Cold Creek time in the centr
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Clastic dikes typically occur in sw
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Figure 4.3.7. Rattlesnake Mountain
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The Cold Creek unit in the 200 East
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Soil types found on the Hanford Sit
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Two large events occurred on the ea
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generally shallow; 75 percent of th
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Figure 4.3-10. Earthquake Activity
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4.4 Hydrology P. D. Thorne and G. V
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Columbia River flow rates near Prie
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the aquatic life designation is “
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Columbia River water quality data f
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Contaminant, Units Table 4.4-1. Reg
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Figure 4.4-6. Locations of Principa
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Figure 4.4-8. Flood Area for the Pr
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Figure 4.4-9. Flood Area from a 100
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Figure 4.4-10. Extent of Probable M
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4.4.2.1 Vadose Zone Contamination T
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Groundwater beneath the Hanford Sit
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Gee et al. (1992) and Fayer et al.
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4.4.3.5 Groundwater East and North
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DWS in one or more onsite wells. Co
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Table 4.4-2. (cont’d) 4.77 Contam
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Figure 4.4-13. Distribution of Haza
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levels across much of the Hanford S
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4.5 Ecology T. M. Poston and M. R.
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Figure 4.5-1. Distribution of Veget
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location, the Hanford Site provides
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when the crust is dominated by cyan
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Mule deer rely mainly on shoreline
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Lands Ecology Reserve Unit and shor
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4.5.1.3 Other Distinctive Terrestri
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Figure 4.5-3. Columbia River Island
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species), and salt rattlepod (Swain
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spawning areas and are of the great
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Benthic Invertebrates. Bottom dwell
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When present, however, they formed
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Common Name Scientific Name Federal
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Table 4.5-2. Washington State Candi
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4.111 Common Name Scientific Name C
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Common Name Scientific Name State L
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4.6 Cultural, Archaeological, and H
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Table 4.6-1. Historic Buildings, Ar
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Establishment of the Historic Distr
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4.6.2 Early Settlers/Farming Landsc
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4.6.2.2 Traditional Cultural Places
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DOE/RL will consider the retention
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Traditional Cultural Places. Twenty
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een identified and may have been th
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eligible for the National Register
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Archaeological Resources. Numerous
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This page intentionally left blank
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Figure 4.7-1. Hanford Site, Washing
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The area’s farms and ranches gene
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Three measures of area income are p
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Table 4.7-3. Population Estimates a
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(CEQ) later provided additional gui
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Figure 4.7-3. Location of Low-Incom
Page 180 and 181: 11.2 percent vacancy rate in 2005.
Page 182 and 183: A DOE-maintained road network withi
Page 184 and 185: Table 4.7-5. Police Personnel in th
Page 186 and 187: Table 4.7-7. Examples of Physical R
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Page 190 and 191: Figure 4.8-1. Viewshed from Gable M
Page 192 and 193: Table 4.9-1. Applicable State Noise
Page 194 and 195: 4.9.3.2 Basalt Waste Isolation Proj
Page 198 and 199: During the 5-yr period from 2001-20
Page 200 and 201: 4.10.2 Occupational Radiation Expos
Page 202 and 203: Table 4.10-2. Radiation Exposure Da
Page 204 and 205: 71 FR 74929. “Notice of Availabil
Page 206 and 207: Bonneville Power Administration (BP
Page 208 and 209: Cushing, C.E., and E.G. Wolf. 1982.
Page 210 and 211: Fecht, K.R., S.P. Reidel, and A.M.
Page 212 and 213: Hartman, M.J., and R.E. Peterson. 1
Page 214 and 215: Liikala, T.L., R.L. Aaberg, N.J. Ai
Page 216 and 217: Office of Financial Management (OFM
Page 218 and 219: Reidel, S.R., T.L. Tolan, P.R. Hoop
Page 220 and 221: Simpson, B.C., R.A. Corbin, and S.F
Page 222 and 223: Tri-City Association of REALTORS (T
Page 224 and 225: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). 19
Page 226 and 227: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). 20
Page 228 and 229: Walker, D.E., Jr. 1967. Mutual Cros
Page 236 and 237: Maximum Emission Rate: E = (9.8 x 1
Page 238 and 239: Table A2. Joint Frequency Distribut
Page 246 and 247: Table A11. X/Q’ Values (s m -3 )
Page 248 and 249: Table A15. X/Q’ Values (s m -3 )
Page 250 and 251: Table A19. 95th Percentile E/Q Valu
Page 252 and 253: Table A23. 95th Percentile E/Q Valu
Page 256 and 257: Table B1 (cont’d) A. Shrub-Steppe
Page 258 and 259: Table B2. Mammals that Have Been Ob
Page 260 and 261: Table B3. Common Bird Species Known
Page 262 and 263: Table B3 (cont'd) Common Name Strig
Page 264 and 265: Table B3 (cont'd) Common Name Scien
Page 266 and 267: Table B5. Fish Species in the Hanfo
Page 268 and 269: Appendix B References Becker, J.M.
Page 272 and 273: Figure C2. Vegetation/Land Coverage
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Figure C10. Vegetation/Land Coverag
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Introduction The CEQ regulations in
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Section 309 of the CAA directs EPA
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• Pollution Prevention Act (42 US
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• 40 CFR 60, “Standards of Perf
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• 10 CFR 1022, “Compliance with
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species on the Hanford Site. Regula
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and authority of DOE on Hanford Sit
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DOE also has an Information Brief c
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40 CFR 81. “Designation of Areas
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71 FR 74929. “Notice of Availabil
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Clinton, W.J. 2000. “Memorandum f
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U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). 19
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Washington State Department of Ecol
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No. of Copies 1 J. McConnaughey The
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No. of Copies Fluor Hanford, Inc. (
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