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Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). 2007. Completed Wind Projects. Bonneville Power Administration, United States Department of Energy, Portland, Oregon. Available URL: http://www.transmission.bpa.gov/PlanProj/Wind/completed.cfm. (Data accessed May 17, 2007). BPA (see Bonneville Power Administration). Brandt, C.A., C.E. Cushing, W.H. Rickard, N.A. Cadoret, and R. Mazaika. 1993. Biological Resources of the 300-FF-5 Operable Unit. WHC-SD-EN-TI-121, Westinghouse Hanford Company, Richland, Washington. Brown, C.F., R.J. Serne, B.N. Bjornstad, D.G. Horton, D.C. Lanigan, R.E. Clayton, T.S. Vickerman, I.V. Kutnyakov, K.N. Geiszler, S.R. Baum, K.E. Parker, and M.J. Lindberg. 2006. Characterization of Vadose Zone Sediments Below the C Tank Farm: Borehole C4297 and RCRA Borehole 299-E27- 22. PNNL-15503, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington. Brown, R.E. 1970. Interrelationships of Geologic Formations and Processes Affecting Ecology as Exposed at Rattlesnake Springs, Hanford Project. BNWL-B-29, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington. Brown, R.E. 1979. A Review of Water Well Data from the Unconfined Aquifer in the Eastern and Southern Parts of the Pasco Basin. RHO-BWI-C-56, Rockwell Hanford Operations, Richland, Washington. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). 2007. Industry Injury and Illness Data. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington D.C. Available URL: http://www.bls.gov/iif/oshsum.htm (Data accessed April 12, 2007). Cadwell, L.L. 1994. Wildlife Studies on the Hanford Site: 1993 Highlights Report. PNL-9380, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington. Camp, V.E., M.E. Ross, and W.E. Hanson. 2003. “Genesis of Flood Basalts and Basin and Range Volcanic Rocks from Steens Mountain to the Malheur River Gorge, Oregon.” Geological Society of America Bulletin, 115(1):105 – 128. Cantrell, K.J., R.J. Serne, and G.V. Last. 2002. Hanford Contaminant Distribution Coefficient Database and Users Guide. PNNL-13895, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington. Cardenas, A., J. Lewinsohn, C. Auger, J.L. Downs, L.L. Cadwell, and R. Burrows. 1997. Characterization of a Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata spp. wyomingensis) Die-Off on the Hanford Site. PNNL-11673, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington. Census (See U.S. Census Bureau). CEQ (see Council on Environmental Quality). 4.176
Chatters, J.C. 1982. “Prehistoric Settlement and Land Use in the Dry Columbia Basin.” Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 16:125-147. Chatters, J.C., and N.A. Cadoret. 1990. Archeological Survey of the 200-East and 200-West Areas, Hanford Site, Washington. PNL-7264, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington. Chatters, J.C., H.A. Gard, and P.E. Minthorn. 1992. Fiscal Year 1991 Report on Archaeological Surveys of the 100 Areas, Hanford Site, Washington. PNL-8143, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington. Cole, C.R., M.P. Bergeron, C.J. Murray, P.D. Thorne, S.K. Wurstner, P. Rogers. 2001. Uncertainty Analysis Framework Hanford Site-Wide Groundwater Flow and Transport Model. PNNL-13641, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington. Coleman, S.R. 1988. Environmental Noise Monitoring, BWIP Site Characterization Project. Letter Report CO-12023 to D.D. Dauble, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington, February 18, 1988. Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission. 1994. A Fish Consumption Survey of the Umatilla, Nez Perce, Yakama, and Warm Springs Tribes of the Columbia River Basin. CRITFC Technical Report No. 94-3, Portland, Oregon. Connelly, M.P., B.H. Ford, and J.V. Borghese. 1992a. Hydrogeologic Model for the 200 West Groundwater Aggregate Area. WHC-SD-EN-TI-014, Rev. 0, Westinghouse Hanford Company, Richland, Washington. Connelly, M.P., B.H. Ford, J.W. Lindberg, S.J. Trent, C.D. Delaney, and J.V. Borghese. 1992b. Hydrogeologic Model for the 200 East Groundwater Aggregate Area. WHC-SD-EN-TI-019, Westinghouse Hanford Company, Richland, Washington. Coopey, R.W. 1953. The Abundance of the Principal Crustacea of the Columbia River and the Radioactivity they Contain. HW-251, Hanford Atomic Products Operation, Richland, Washington. Corps (see U.S. Army Corps of Engineers). Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). 1997. Environmental Justice. Guidance Under the National Environmental Policy Act. Executive Office of the President, Washington, D.C. CRITFC (see Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission). Cushing, C.E., Jr. 1967a. “Concentration and Transport of 32 P and 65 Z by Columbia River Plankton.” Limnology and Oceanography 12:330-332. Cushing, C.E., Jr. 1967b. “Periphyton Productivity and Radionuclide Accumulation in the Columbia River, Washington, USA.” Hydrobiologia 29:125-139. 4.177
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PNNL-6415 Rev. 18 Hanford Site Nati
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PNNL-6415 Rev. 18 Hanford Site Nati
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Preface This document describes the
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Acknowledgements As editor of Revis
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Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbol
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Glossary Accrete. To grow or fuse t
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Table of Contents Preface .........
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4.5 Ecology........................
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6.0 Statutory and Regulatory Requir
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Figures Figure 4.0-1. U.S. Departme
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Figure 4.10-1. Occupational Injury
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Table 4.1-1. Table 4.1-2. Tables St
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Table A7. Table A8. Joint Frequency
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Introduction 4.0 Affected Environme
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• 300 Area. The 300 Area, encompa
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4.1 Climate and Meteorology K. W. B
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Table 4.1-1. Station Numbers, Names
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Figure 4.1-2. Wind Roses at the 9.1
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Figure 4.1-3. Wind Roses at the 60-
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more than half of the annual amount
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4.2 Air Quality B. G. Fritz A varie
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meet one or more ambient air standa
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4.2.2.2 Emissions of Nonradiologica
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concentration at the HMS during 200
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The Clean Air Act requires the impl
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4.3 Geology M. A. Chamness and M. D
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Figure 4.3.2. Physical and Structur
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4.3.2.1 Stratigraphy of Rocks Older
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significant topography. Continued u
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During Cold Creek time in the centr
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Clastic dikes typically occur in sw
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Figure 4.3.7. Rattlesnake Mountain
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The Cold Creek unit in the 200 East
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Soil types found on the Hanford Sit
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Two large events occurred on the ea
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generally shallow; 75 percent of th
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Figure 4.3-10. Earthquake Activity
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4.4 Hydrology P. D. Thorne and G. V
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Columbia River flow rates near Prie
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the aquatic life designation is “
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Columbia River water quality data f
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Contaminant, Units Table 4.4-1. Reg
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Figure 4.4-6. Locations of Principa
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Figure 4.4-8. Flood Area for the Pr
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Figure 4.4-9. Flood Area from a 100
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Figure 4.4-10. Extent of Probable M
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4.4.2.1 Vadose Zone Contamination T
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Groundwater beneath the Hanford Sit
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Gee et al. (1992) and Fayer et al.
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4.4.3.5 Groundwater East and North
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DWS in one or more onsite wells. Co
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Table 4.4-2. (cont’d) 4.77 Contam
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Figure 4.4-13. Distribution of Haza
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levels across much of the Hanford S
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4.5 Ecology T. M. Poston and M. R.
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Figure 4.5-1. Distribution of Veget
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location, the Hanford Site provides
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when the crust is dominated by cyan
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Mule deer rely mainly on shoreline
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Lands Ecology Reserve Unit and shor
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4.5.1.3 Other Distinctive Terrestri
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Figure 4.5-3. Columbia River Island
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species), and salt rattlepod (Swain
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spawning areas and are of the great
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Benthic Invertebrates. Bottom dwell
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When present, however, they formed
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Common Name Scientific Name Federal
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Table 4.5-2. Washington State Candi
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4.111 Common Name Scientific Name C
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Common Name Scientific Name State L
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4.6 Cultural, Archaeological, and H
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Table 4.6-1. Historic Buildings, Ar
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Establishment of the Historic Distr
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4.6.2 Early Settlers/Farming Landsc
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4.6.2.2 Traditional Cultural Places
Page 155 and 156: DOE/RL will consider the retention
Page 157 and 158: Traditional Cultural Places. Twenty
Page 159 and 160: een identified and may have been th
Page 161 and 162: eligible for the National Register
Page 164 and 165: Archaeological Resources. Numerous
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Page 168 and 169: Figure 4.7-1. Hanford Site, Washing
Page 170 and 171: The area’s farms and ranches gene
Page 172 and 173: Three measures of area income are p
Page 174 and 175: Table 4.7-3. Population Estimates a
Page 176 and 177: (CEQ) later provided additional gui
Page 178 and 179: Figure 4.7-3. Location of Low-Incom
Page 180 and 181: 11.2 percent vacancy rate in 2005.
Page 182 and 183: A DOE-maintained road network withi
Page 184 and 185: Table 4.7-5. Police Personnel in th
Page 186 and 187: Table 4.7-7. Examples of Physical R
Page 190 and 191: Figure 4.8-1. Viewshed from Gable M
Page 192 and 193: Table 4.9-1. Applicable State Noise
Page 194 and 195: 4.9.3.2 Basalt Waste Isolation Proj
Page 198 and 199: During the 5-yr period from 2001-20
Page 200 and 201: 4.10.2 Occupational Radiation Expos
Page 202 and 203: Table 4.10-2. Radiation Exposure Da
Page 204 and 205: 71 FR 74929. “Notice of Availabil
Page 208 and 209: Cushing, C.E., and E.G. Wolf. 1982.
Page 210 and 211: Fecht, K.R., S.P. Reidel, and A.M.
Page 212 and 213: Hartman, M.J., and R.E. Peterson. 1
Page 214 and 215: Liikala, T.L., R.L. Aaberg, N.J. Ai
Page 216 and 217: Office of Financial Management (OFM
Page 218 and 219: Reidel, S.R., T.L. Tolan, P.R. Hoop
Page 220 and 221: Simpson, B.C., R.A. Corbin, and S.F
Page 222 and 223: Tri-City Association of REALTORS (T
Page 224 and 225: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). 19
Page 226 and 227: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). 20
Page 228 and 229: Walker, D.E., Jr. 1967. Mutual Cros
Page 230 and 231: Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC).
Page 236 and 237: Maximum Emission Rate: E = (9.8 x 1
Page 238 and 239: Table A2. Joint Frequency Distribut
Page 246 and 247: Table A11. X/Q’ Values (s m -3 )
Page 248 and 249: Table A15. X/Q’ Values (s m -3 )
Page 250 and 251: Table A19. 95th Percentile E/Q Valu
Page 252 and 253: Table A23. 95th Percentile E/Q Valu
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Table B1 (cont’d) A. Shrub-Steppe
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Table B2. Mammals that Have Been Ob
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Table B3. Common Bird Species Known
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Table B3 (cont'd) Common Name Strig
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Table B3 (cont'd) Common Name Scien
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Table B5. Fish Species in the Hanfo
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Appendix B References Becker, J.M.
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This page intentionally left blank
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Figure C2. Vegetation/Land Coverage
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Figure C10. Vegetation/Land Coverag
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Introduction The CEQ regulations in
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Section 309 of the CAA directs EPA
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• Pollution Prevention Act (42 US
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• 40 CFR 60, “Standards of Perf
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• 10 CFR 1022, “Compliance with
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species on the Hanford Site. Regula
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and authority of DOE on Hanford Sit
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DOE also has an Information Brief c
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40 CFR 81. “Designation of Areas
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71 FR 74929. “Notice of Availabil
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Clinton, W.J. 2000. “Memorandum f
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U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). 19
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Washington State Department of Ecol
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No. of Copies 1 J. McConnaughey The
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No. of Copies Fluor Hanford, Inc. (
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