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Three measures of area income are presented in this section: total personal income, per capita income, and median household income. Total personal income comprises all forms of income received by the populace, including wages, dividends, and other revenues. Per capita income is equivalent to total personal income divided by the number of people residing in the area. Median household income is the point at which half of the households have incomes greater than the median and half have less. During 2005, the total personal income was $4.9 billion for Benton County and $1.3 billion for Franklin County, compared to the State of Washington’s total of $223.2 billion. Per capita income during 2005 was $31,433 for Benton County, $20,573 for Franklin County, and $35,479 for Washington State (DOC 2007). The preliminary estimate of median household income during 2005 for Benton County was $54,183; Franklin County was estimated at $38,842. The estimated median income for Franklin County was well below the Washington State estimate of $53,771 (OFM 2007b). Table 4.7-2. Nonagricultural Wage and Salary Workers in Benton County and Franklin County, Washington, 2005 and 2006 (a) Industry 2005 Annual Average Employment (Revised) 2006 Annual Average Employment (Preliminary) Change 2005-2006 (Percent) Manufacturing 5,800 5,900 1.7 Natural Resources, Mining and 5,900 6,000 1.7 Construction Trade, Transportation, Warehousing 14,900 15,900 6.7 and Utilities Financial Activities 3,400 3,500 2.9 Professional and Business Services 20,600 18,500 -10.2 Education and Health Services 8,600 9,200 7.0 Leisure and Hospitality 7,900 7,900 0.0 Government 16,000 16,000 0.0 Other 3,800 3,900 2.5 Total nonagricultural wage and salary workers 86,900 86,800 -0.1 (a) Source: Washington State Employment Security Department (LMEA 2007c). 4.7.3 Demography An estimated 160,600 people lived in Benton County and 64,200 lived in Franklin County during 2006, totaling 224,800, an increase of over 17 percent from the Census 2000 figure (OFM 2007c). This growth rate is faster than the state of Washington as a whole, which has grown 8.2 percent since the 2000 Census. According to the 2000 Census, population totals for Benton and Franklin counties 4.142
were 142,475 and 49,347, respectively (Census 2001a). Both Benton and Franklin counties also grew at a faster pace than the state during the 1990s. The population of Benton County increased 26.6 percent, up from 112,560 during 1990, and the population of Franklin County increased 31.7 percent, up from 37,473 during 1990, while the population of the state of Washington rose 21.1 percent. (Census 2001a). The distribution of the 2006 Tri-Cities population by city is as follows: Richland 44,230; Pasco 47,610; and Kennewick 61,770. The combined populations of Benton City, Prosser, and West Richland totaled 18,405 during 2006. The unincorporated population of Benton County was 36,195. In Franklin County, incorporated areas other than Pasco had a total population of 3,860. The unincorporated population of Franklin County was 12,730 (OFM 2007c). During 2006, Benton and Franklin counties accounted for 3.5 percent of Washington’s population. The population demographics of Benton and Franklin counties are quite similar to those found within Washington. In general, the population of Benton and Franklin counties is somewhat younger than that of Washington as a whole. The 0- to 14-year old age group accounts for 24.1 percent of the total bi-county population compared with 19.9 percent for Washington. The population in Benton and Franklin counties under the age of 35 is 51.5 percent; it is 47.7 percent for the state of Washington (OFM 2007a). Population estimates and percentages by race and Hispanic origin for Benton, Franklin, Grant, Adams, and Yakima counties and within the 80-km (50-mi) radius of the Hanford Site from the 2000 Census indicate Asians and individuals of Hispanic origin from Benton and Franklin counties represent lower and higher proportions of the population, respectively, than in the state of Washington as a whole (Table 4.7-3). During 2006, county-level estimates of minority populations in Benton, Franklin, Grant, Adams, and Yakima counties demonstrate similar trends (Table 4.7-4). Additional Hanford area demographic data are available from Hanford Area 2000 Population (Elliott et al. 2004). This document includes 2000 Census estimates for the resident population by distance and compass direction within an 80-km (50-mi) radius of the Hanford Site. Population distributions are reported relative to five reference points centered on meteorological stations within major operating areas of the Hanford Site: the 100-F, 100-K, 200, 300, and 400 Areas. Data are presented in both graphical and tabular format and are provided for total populations residing within 80 km (50 mi) of the reference points, as well as for Native American, Hispanic and Latino, total minority, and low-income populations. 4.7.4 Environmental Justice Executive Order 12898, “Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations” (59 FR 7629), directs federal agencies in the Executive Branch to consider environmental justice so that their programs will not have “disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects” on minority and low-income populations. Executive Order 12898 further directs federal agencies to consider effects to “populations with differential patterns of subsistence consumption of fish and wildlife.” The Executive Branch agencies also were directed to develop plans for carrying out the order. The Council on Environmental Quality 4.143
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PNNL-6415 Rev. 18 Hanford Site Nati
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PNNL-6415 Rev. 18 Hanford Site Nati
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Preface This document describes the
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Acknowledgements As editor of Revis
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Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Symbol
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Glossary Accrete. To grow or fuse t
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Table of Contents Preface .........
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4.5 Ecology........................
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6.0 Statutory and Regulatory Requir
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Figures Figure 4.0-1. U.S. Departme
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Figure 4.10-1. Occupational Injury
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Table 4.1-1. Table 4.1-2. Tables St
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Table A7. Table A8. Joint Frequency
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Introduction 4.0 Affected Environme
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• 300 Area. The 300 Area, encompa
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4.1 Climate and Meteorology K. W. B
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Table 4.1-1. Station Numbers, Names
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Figure 4.1-2. Wind Roses at the 9.1
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Figure 4.1-3. Wind Roses at the 60-
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more than half of the annual amount
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4.2 Air Quality B. G. Fritz A varie
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meet one or more ambient air standa
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4.2.2.2 Emissions of Nonradiologica
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concentration at the HMS during 200
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The Clean Air Act requires the impl
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4.3 Geology M. A. Chamness and M. D
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Figure 4.3.2. Physical and Structur
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4.3.2.1 Stratigraphy of Rocks Older
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significant topography. Continued u
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During Cold Creek time in the centr
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Clastic dikes typically occur in sw
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Figure 4.3.7. Rattlesnake Mountain
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The Cold Creek unit in the 200 East
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Soil types found on the Hanford Sit
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Two large events occurred on the ea
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generally shallow; 75 percent of th
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Figure 4.3-10. Earthquake Activity
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4.4 Hydrology P. D. Thorne and G. V
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Columbia River flow rates near Prie
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the aquatic life designation is “
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Columbia River water quality data f
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Contaminant, Units Table 4.4-1. Reg
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Figure 4.4-6. Locations of Principa
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Figure 4.4-8. Flood Area for the Pr
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Figure 4.4-9. Flood Area from a 100
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Figure 4.4-10. Extent of Probable M
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4.4.2.1 Vadose Zone Contamination T
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Groundwater beneath the Hanford Sit
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Gee et al. (1992) and Fayer et al.
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4.4.3.5 Groundwater East and North
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DWS in one or more onsite wells. Co
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Table 4.4-2. (cont’d) 4.77 Contam
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Figure 4.4-13. Distribution of Haza
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levels across much of the Hanford S
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4.5 Ecology T. M. Poston and M. R.
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Figure 4.5-1. Distribution of Veget
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location, the Hanford Site provides
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when the crust is dominated by cyan
Page 121 and 122: Mule deer rely mainly on shoreline
Page 123 and 124: Lands Ecology Reserve Unit and shor
Page 125 and 126: 4.5.1.3 Other Distinctive Terrestri
Page 127 and 128: Figure 4.5-3. Columbia River Island
Page 129 and 130: species), and salt rattlepod (Swain
Page 131 and 132: spawning areas and are of the great
Page 133 and 134: Benthic Invertebrates. Bottom dwell
Page 135 and 136: When present, however, they formed
Page 137 and 138: Common Name Scientific Name Federal
Page 139 and 140: Table 4.5-2. Washington State Candi
Page 141 and 142: 4.111 Common Name Scientific Name C
Page 143 and 144: Common Name Scientific Name State L
Page 145 and 146: 4.6 Cultural, Archaeological, and H
Page 147 and 148: Table 4.6-1. Historic Buildings, Ar
Page 149 and 150: Establishment of the Historic Distr
Page 151 and 152: 4.6.2 Early Settlers/Farming Landsc
Page 153 and 154: 4.6.2.2 Traditional Cultural Places
Page 155 and 156: DOE/RL will consider the retention
Page 157 and 158: Traditional Cultural Places. Twenty
Page 159 and 160: een identified and may have been th
Page 161 and 162: eligible for the National Register
Page 164 and 165: Archaeological Resources. Numerous
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Page 168 and 169: Figure 4.7-1. Hanford Site, Washing
Page 170 and 171: The area’s farms and ranches gene
Page 174 and 175: Table 4.7-3. Population Estimates a
Page 176 and 177: (CEQ) later provided additional gui
Page 178 and 179: Figure 4.7-3. Location of Low-Incom
Page 180 and 181: 11.2 percent vacancy rate in 2005.
Page 182 and 183: A DOE-maintained road network withi
Page 184 and 185: Table 4.7-5. Police Personnel in th
Page 186 and 187: Table 4.7-7. Examples of Physical R
Page 190 and 191: Figure 4.8-1. Viewshed from Gable M
Page 192 and 193: Table 4.9-1. Applicable State Noise
Page 194 and 195: 4.9.3.2 Basalt Waste Isolation Proj
Page 198 and 199: During the 5-yr period from 2001-20
Page 200 and 201: 4.10.2 Occupational Radiation Expos
Page 202 and 203: Table 4.10-2. Radiation Exposure Da
Page 204 and 205: 71 FR 74929. “Notice of Availabil
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Page 208 and 209: Cushing, C.E., and E.G. Wolf. 1982.
Page 210 and 211: Fecht, K.R., S.P. Reidel, and A.M.
Page 212 and 213: Hartman, M.J., and R.E. Peterson. 1
Page 214 and 215: Liikala, T.L., R.L. Aaberg, N.J. Ai
Page 216 and 217: Office of Financial Management (OFM
Page 218 and 219: Reidel, S.R., T.L. Tolan, P.R. Hoop
Page 220 and 221: Simpson, B.C., R.A. Corbin, and S.F
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Tri-City Association of REALTORS (T
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U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). 19
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Walker, D.E., Jr. 1967. Mutual Cros
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Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC).
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Maximum Emission Rate: E = (9.8 x 1
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Table A2. Joint Frequency Distribut
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Table A11. X/Q’ Values (s m -3 )
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Table A15. X/Q’ Values (s m -3 )
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Table A19. 95th Percentile E/Q Valu
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Table A23. 95th Percentile E/Q Valu
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Table B1 (cont’d) A. Shrub-Steppe
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Table B2. Mammals that Have Been Ob
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Table B3. Common Bird Species Known
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Table B3 (cont'd) Common Name Strig
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Table B3 (cont'd) Common Name Scien
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Table B5. Fish Species in the Hanfo
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Appendix B References Becker, J.M.
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Figure C2. Vegetation/Land Coverage
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Figure C10. Vegetation/Land Coverag
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Introduction The CEQ regulations in
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Section 309 of the CAA directs EPA
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• Pollution Prevention Act (42 US
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• 40 CFR 60, “Standards of Perf
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• 10 CFR 1022, “Compliance with
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species on the Hanford Site. Regula
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and authority of DOE on Hanford Sit
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DOE also has an Information Brief c
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40 CFR 81. “Designation of Areas
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71 FR 74929. “Notice of Availabil
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Clinton, W.J. 2000. “Memorandum f
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Washington State Department of Ecol
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No. of Copies 1 J. McConnaughey The
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No. of Copies Fluor Hanford, Inc. (
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