Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
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Investigation of Odor<br />
Complaints at CAFOs and<br />
AFOs<br />
Barbara Sullivan<br />
Water Quality Team Leader<br />
Region 12 - Houston
Objectives to be Covered<br />
• What is an AFO or CAFO?<br />
• Why investigate odor complaints under the CAFO<br />
regulations?<br />
• What regulations apply to odor investigations at<br />
AFOs and CAFOs?<br />
• Potential solutions for odor control at CAFOs
Definition of AFO vs. CAFO<br />
AFO - <strong>Animal</strong> feeding operations which stable and<br />
confine and feed or maintain for a total of 45 days in any<br />
12 month period<br />
CAFO - <strong>Animal</strong> feeding operations which stable and<br />
confine and feed or maintain for a total of 45 days in any<br />
12 month period more than specified number of animals<br />
in specified categories
30 TAC 321.32 : Definitions of CAFOs<br />
1. Large CAFO<br />
2. Medium CAFO<br />
3. Small CAFO
Statutory Authority for TCEQ<br />
• General Authority (TWC, Title 2, Subtitle A, Chapter 5, Subchapter D)<br />
• Enforcement (TWC, Title 2, Subtitle A, Chapter 7 – specifically<br />
TWC 7.002)<br />
• Rules, Orders, and Permits (TWC, Title 2, Subtitle D, Chapter 26)<br />
• CAFO Permitting (30 TAC, Chapter 321, Subchapter B)<br />
• Rule adopted 7/15/04 covers all confined animal feeding operations (AFOs and<br />
CAFOs)<br />
• CAFO General Permit TXG92000<br />
• Reissued 7/9/09
Locating Current Texas Rules<br />
• Texas Statutes:<br />
• http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/<br />
• Texas Administrative Code:<br />
• http://info.sos.state.tx.us/pls/pub/readtac$ext.viewtac<br />
• Water Quality Permitting<br />
• 30 TAC Chapter 321 Subchapter B:<br />
• http://info.sos.state.tx.us/pls/pub/readtac$ext.ViewTAC?tac_view=5&ti=30&pt=1&ch=321&sch=B<br />
&rl=Y<br />
• CAFO General Permit: TXG920000 (Amended July9, 2009):<br />
• http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/permitting/water_quality/wastewater/cafo/new_cafo.html<br />
• Air Permitting<br />
• Permit by Rule: Chapter 106<br />
• <strong>Animal</strong> <strong>Feeding</strong> <strong>Operations</strong>:<br />
• http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/assets/public/legal/rules/rules/pdflib/106f.pdf<br />
• Incinerators:<br />
• http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/assets/public/legal/rules/rules/pdflib/106v.pdf<br />
• Individual Permits: Chapter 116<br />
• http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/assets/public/legal/rules/rules/pdflib/116b.pdf<br />
• Standard Permits: Chapter 116<br />
• http://www.tceq.state.tx.us/assets/public/legal/rules/rules/pdflib/116f.pdf
Investigation of a CAFO Odor Complaint<br />
• Applicable rules concerning odors are found in 30 TAC<br />
321, Subchapter B<br />
• Also rules concerning odors are found in CAFO<br />
General Permit – TXG920000<br />
• Can address other conditions that may be the cause of<br />
the odor conditions
Odor Citations in 30 TAC 321, Subchapter B<br />
• 30 TAC 321.31 (b) – avoidance of nuisance conditions<br />
• 30 TAC 321.43 – section with requirements for an air<br />
quality authorization<br />
• 30 TAC 321.47(b)(3)(A) – prevention of nuisance<br />
conditions in AFOs without control structures
Odor Citations in 30 TAC 321, Subchapter B<br />
• 30 TAC 321.47(c)(2) – prevention of nuisance<br />
conditions in AFOs without control structures
Odor Citations TXG920000 – CAFO General<br />
Permit<br />
• TPDES General Permit No. TXG920000, Part III, (B)(6)<br />
General Requirements
Possible Solutions to Odor Control at CAFOs<br />
• Regularly remove manure from buildings<br />
• Keep manure dry<br />
• Keep buildings and floor clean and dry<br />
• Use bedding instead of liquid manure removal systems<br />
• Employ biofilters<br />
• Cover manure storage systems
Possible Solutions to Odor Control at CAFOs (2)<br />
• Avoid overly wet and/or anaerobic systems<br />
• Avoid longstanding piles of manure<br />
• Immediately incorporate manure when added to<br />
cropland<br />
• Compost manure<br />
• Employ anaerobic digesters (very costly)
Possible Solutions to Odor Control at CAFOs (3)<br />
• Coordinate manure spreading with neighbors<br />
• Be aware of prevailing summer wind conditions when<br />
planning activities such as mixing or removing manure<br />
from storage or choosing a land application site<br />
• Check diet formulations to reduce nitrogen excretion<br />
and odors.<br />
• Plant odor absorbing trees around<br />
manure storage areas
Possible Solutions to Odor Control at CAFOs (4)<br />
• Establish sufficient distance between manure storage<br />
sites and neighbors
Questions?
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