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224 QUANTIFICATION OF BENEFITS FROM ECONOMIC COOPERATION IN SOUTH ASIA Sector/Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment (4) Movement of natural persons is subject to Sri Lankan laws on immigration, consumer laws, and other relevant laws and regulations. Aliens, who intend to work or to conduct business in Sri Lanka, shall have to obtain the relevant work permits in addition to complying with the immigration requirements. 9. Tourism and travel Related Services A. Hotel and Lodging (1) Unbound* (1) Unbound Services (2) Unbound (2) Unbound (3) None except horizontal measures specified above (3) None (4) Provisions of labour, immigration and customs laws (4) None B. Travel Agency and (1) None (1) None Tour Operation Services (2) Unbound (2) Unbound* (3) None except horizontal measures specified above (3) None (4) Provisions of labour, immigration and customs laws (4) None (*) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility. Table A12.4 Bangladesh’s Uruguay Round Commitments Sector/ Subsector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment 9. Tourism and travel Related services A. Five star hotel and (1) Unbound* (1) Unbound* lodging services (2) Unbound (2) Unbound (CPC 641) (3) Commercial presence requires that foreign providers incorporate (3) None or establish the business locally in accordance with the relevant (4) None provisions of Bangladesh laws, rules and regulations. There is no fixed ratio of equity between local and foreign investors. Foreign equity to the extent of 100% is allowed. (4) In Bangladesh, the entry and residence of foreign natural persons (service providers) are subject to Bangladesh’s immigration and labour laws, regulations, guidelines and procedures. There is no restriction in issuing work permits to foreign nationals in Bangladesh. The employment of foreign natural persons for the implementation of the foreign investment shall be agreed upon by the Government and such personnel shall be employed in higher management and specialized jobs only. (*) Unbound due to lack of technical feasibility. Source: WTO Document No. GATS/SC/8, 15 April 1995.
APPENDICES 225 I. Horizontal and Sector Specific Commitments Table A12.5 Nepal’s Commitments Sector/Sub-sector Limitations on Market Access Limitations on National Treatment and Additional Commitments All Sectors included in this schedule (1) None, except with respect to foreign exchange provided to foreigners (excluding those categories of persons covered by commitments in this agreement) to pay for any cross-border services (2) None (3) None: (3) None, except The The conditions of ownership, operation and – A foreign investor reinvesting earnings juridical form and scope of activity as set out in a is required to obtain the permission of license or other form of approval establishing or the Department of Industry. authorising the operation and supply of services – All foreign investments except for by an existing foreign service supplier, will not be Financial Services require approval by made more restrictive than they exist as of the the Department of Industry. date of Nepal’s accession to WTO. – Incentives and subsidies are available only to enterprises wholly owned by Nepalese nationals. (4) Unbound, except for temporary entry and stay of (4) Unbound except for measures natural persons of another Member in the follow- concerning the categories of natural ing categories: persons referred to in the market Service sales persons access column Persons not based in the territory of Nepal and Selling and buying real estate is the receiving no remuneration from a source located constitutional right of every Nepalese within Nepal, who are engaged in activities citizen. The Civil Code prohibits related to representing a service supplier for the anyone from selling, mortgaging, purpose of negotiating for the sale of services of gifting or endowing or disposing any that supplier where: real property to a foreign individual. (a) Such sales are not directly made to the general public, and Additional Commitments (b) The sales person is not engaged in supplying Except where an environmental impact the service. assessment is required, decisions of the Entry for persons named in these two categories department are normally provided within is limited to a ninety-day period, which may be 30 days of the date of application. renewed. Approval of an investment will not Persons responsible for setting up a commercial normally be withheld except for failure to presence meet environmental standards. Persons who are employees of an enterprise not A foreign investor making an investment having commercial presence in Nepal and who in foreign currency shall be entitled to stay temporarily in Nepal for the purpose of repatriate the following amount outside setting up a commercial presence of that enter- Nepal: prise in Nepal. Personnel engaged in setting up (a) The amount received by the sale, in commercial presence shall present proof of the whole or part, of the investors share of commencement of business operation within one equity; year of the date of entry of that person. Entry for (b) The amount received as profit or the above-listed persons is limited to one year dividend as a result of an equity period, which may be renewed. investment; Intra-corporate transferees (ICTs) (c) The amount received as the payment Managers, executives and specialists as defined of the principal of and interest on any below who are employees of firms that provide foreign loan; and services in Nepal through a branch, subsidiary or (d) The amount received under an affiliate established in Nepal and who have been agreement to transfer technology in the prior employment of their firm outside approved by the Department of Nepal for a period of not less than one year Industries or the Department of Cottage immediately preceding the date of their applica- and Small Industries. Contd . . .
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QUANTIFICATION OF BENEFITS FROM ECO
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QUANTIFICATION OF BENEFITS FROM ECO
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Preface Our consultations with seni
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viii CONTENTS 7. Revenue and Welfar
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Executive Summary OBJECTIVE This st
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xiii Table 1 EAMA
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xv India A full S
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xvii indicates th
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xix ments on basi
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Part I BENEFITS FROM TRADE, INVESTM
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4 QUANTIFICATION OF BENEFITS FROM E
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2 Literature Review and Rationale f
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4 Effective Additional Market Acces
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6 Impact of SAFTA on Member Countri
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7 Revenue and Welfare Implications
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8 Impact of SAFTA on Inward and Out
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9 Quantification of Benefits from T
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Part II BENEFITS FROM DEEPENING INT
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14 Health and Related Services 1 IN
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15 Prospects for the Telecommunicat
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Page 223: APPENDICES
Page 236 and 237: Appendix 8 Intra SAARC FDI Collabor
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Page 240 and 241: Appendix 12 Original Commitments/In
Page 252 and 253: Appendix 14 Table A14.1 Telecommuni
Page 258 and 259: Appendix 15 REFERENCE PAPER Scope T
Page 261 and 262: Bibliography Abelson, P. (1996),
Page 263 and 264: BIBLIOGRAPHY 241 Cuba (2002), Negot
Page 265 and 266: BIBLIOGRAPHY 243 (2004), Impacts of
Page 267 and 268: BIBLIOGRAPHY 245 Silva, Patricia an
Page 269 and 270: BIBLIOGRAPHY 247 (1998), Tourism Se
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