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Journal of Animal Production Advances
Effect of Feeding Processed Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolour
(L) Moench) Bagasse based Total Mixed Ration on
Performance of Graded Murrah Buffaloes
Venkata Seshaiah Ch. and Ramana Reddy Y.
J Anim Prod Adv 2012, 2(7): 329-334
Online version is available on: www.grjournals.com

ISSN: 2251-7677
VENKATA SESHAIAH AND RAMANA REDDY
Original Article
Effect of Feeding Processed Sweet Sorghum
(Sorghum Bicolour (L) Moench) Bagasse based
Total Mixed Ration on Performance of Graded
Murrah Buffaloes
Venkata Seshaiah Ch. and Ramana Reddy Y.
Department of Livestock Production & management, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, College of Veterinary Science,
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad
Abstract
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) moench) bagasse (SSB), a by-product obtained after juice
extraction from the stalks of sweet sorghum was used as a sole roughage in the total mixed ration (TMR) at 50
per cent level and processed in to SSB chopped plus concentrate (SSBC), mash (SSBM) and expander extruder
pellets (SSBP) and compared with sorghum straw (SS) based TMR in mash form (SSM). The effect of feeding
processed TMR on feed intake, nutrients digestibility, milk and milk constituent’s yield and cost of milk
production was studied in 24 lactating graded Murrah buffaloes divided into four groups (average of 3.0
lactations and 450 kg body weight) in a complete randomized design and fed the experimental rations for a
period of 150 days. The dry matter (DM) intake (kg/d), digestibilities of DM, organic matter, crude protein and
nitrogen free extract and milk yield (kg/d) and total solids, solids not fat, milk fat and protein yield (g/d) were
higher (P

EFFECT FEEDING PROCESSED SWEET SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOUR (L) MOENCH)…
Introduction
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L)
moench), a dry land crop is more water use efficient
than sugar cane and recently gaining importance as
a feedstock for ethanol production (Reddy et al.,
2005). In general, it can produce stalk 54 - 69 t/ha
(Almodares et al., 2008). The bagasse produced
after juice extraction from stalks available as a
waste at sweet sorghum crushing units established
by ICRISAT and private distilleries in Medak
District of Andhra Pradesh State in India. In view of
the shortage of roughages for animal feeding in
India, there is need to identify alternate roughage
sources to feed the vast ruminant population of this
country. Feeding of roughages in the form of total
mixed ration (TMR) improved the palatability and
utilization of bulky crop residues (Nagalakshmi et
al., 2006). Further, expander extruder processing of
TMR showed beneficial effects on feed intake and
digestibility of nutrients (Prasad D A 2003 and
Nagalakshmi et al., 2006).
The objective of the present study is to evaluate
processed SSB based TMR on feed intake, nutrients
digestibility, milk and milk constituents yield and
cost of milk production in lactating graded Murrah
buffaloes and compared with SS based TMR
feeding system which is prevalent in and around
Hyderabad of Andhra Pradesh State in India.
Materials and Methods
SSB was procured from the decentralized sweet
sorghum crushing unit, established by ICRISAT at
Ibrahimbad village of Medak District of Andhra
Pradesh. Experimental TMR were formulated with
SSB and concentrate in a ratio of 50:50 and
processed in to chopped SSB plus concentrate
(SSBC), mash form (SSBM) and expander-extruder
pellet form (SSBP). The control TMR was sorghum
straw (SS) based mash (SSM) in the same roughage
to concentrate ratio. The cost of the rations was
calculated on the basis of processing cost and the
prevailing market prices of the feed ingredients.
Twenty four lactating graded Murrah buffaloes
with an average of 3.0 lactations and weighing
about 450 kg were distributed randomly into four
experimental groups of six animals each in a
complete randomized design (CRD) considering
number of lactation, stage of lactation, daily
average milk yield and butter fat content, as
uniform as possible. Daily feed intake, water intake,
residue leftover and milk yields were recorded. A 7
day digestion trial was conducted at the end of 150
day lactation trial to assess the nutrient digestibility
of the experimental diets. The milk samples were
collected fortnightly during the lactation trial to
evaluate quality and quantity of milk constituents.
The feed and faecal samples were analysed for
proximate constituents (AOAC, 1997) and fibre
fractions (Van Soest et al., 1991). Digestible (DE)
and metabolizable (ME) energy values were
calculated from total digestible nutrients (TDN)
using factors suggested by NRC (1989). Milk
samples were analysed for fat (ISI, 1961) and solids
not fat (SNF) (ISI, 1965). The data was statistically
analysed as per procedures suggested by Snedecor
G W and Cochran W G (1994)
Results and Discussion
SSB on dry matter basis contained 90.75 %
organic matter (OM), 3.94 % crude protein (CP),
1.89 % ether extract (EE), 37.58 % crude fibre
(CF), 47.34 % nitrogen free extract (NFE), 9.25 %
total ash (TA), 74.76 % neutral detergent fiber
(NDF), 42.93 % acid detergent fiber (ADF), 31.84
% cellulose, 37.75 % hemicelluloses and 4.24 %
lignin. The proximate principles and cell wall
fractions of sorghum and maize stover (Misra et
al., 2009) and sorghum varieties (Fadel Elseed et
al., 2007) and sweet sorghum hybrids (Blümmel et
al., 2009) were also comparable to SSB.
The chemical composition of processed SSB
and SS based TMR were comparable (Table 1) as
the processing does not have any effect on chemical
composition among rations corroborating the
findings of Chander datt et al., (2011), reported
similar chemical composition for processed paddy
straw based TMR.
The average DMI (kg/d) was higher (P

esulted into more feed intake corroborating the
findings of Nagalakshmi et al., (2004) in lactating
VENKATA SESHAIAH AND RAMANA REDDY
buffaloes fed cotton straw based TMR.
Table 1: Ingredient and chemical composition of experimental total mixed rations
Ingredient/Nutrient SSM SSBC SSBM SSBP
Ingredient composition (kg/100kg)
Maize 31.0 31.0 31.0
Ground nut cake 16.5 16.5 16.5 31.0
Sunflower cake 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
Deoiled rice bran 23.0 23.0 23.0 23.0
Molasses 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Urea 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Mineral mixture 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Salt 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Sweet sorghum bagasse - 50.0 50.0 50.0
Jowar straw 50.0 - - -
Vitamin AD 3 (g/qt) 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0
Chemical composition (% DM basis) *
Dry matter 91.5 91.92 92.19 94.08
Organic matter 90.32 90.31 90.23 90.27
Crude protein 11.15 11.55 11.66 11.73
Ether extract 1.34 2.00 1.98 1.99
Crude fibre 27.39 26.85 27.13 26.95
Nitrogen free extract 50.44 49.91 49.46 49.60
Neutral detergent fibre 9.68 9.69 9.77 9.73
Acid detergent fibre 31.11 29.48 30.22 29.67
Hemicellulose 21.43 25.52 22.33 22.80
Cellulose 21.46 23.27 23.66 23.35
Lignin 4.19 3.43 3.94 3.78
* Each value is the average of three observations
On dry matter basis except for dry matter
Higher (P

EFFECT FEEDING PROCESSED SWEET SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOUR (L) MOENCH)…
rations were not significant. All the experimental
buffaloes met the nutrient requirements (ICAR
1998)
The milk yield (kg/day) and total solids, solids
not fat (SNF), milk fat and protein yield (g/d) was
higher (P

VENKATA SESHAIAH AND RAMANA REDDY
Table 3: Effect of feeding processed sweet sorghum bagasse based total mixed rations on quality and
quantity of milk production in lactating graded Murrah buffaloes
Parameter SSM SSBC SSBM SSBP SEM
Milk yield (kg/d) 5.29 b 5.17 b 5.54 b 6.91 a 0.20
Total solids (%) 17.73 18.20 18.02 17.62 0.23
Solids not fat (%) 10.38 10.58 10.59 10.50 0.11
Milk fat (%) 7.35 7.61 7.43 7.04 0.16
Milk protein (%) 4.32 4.30 4.38 4.44 0.03
Milk constituents yield (g/d)
Total solids 937.92 b 940.94 b 998.31 b 1217.54 a 4.20
Solids not fat 549.10 b 546.99 b 546.69 b 731.08 a 3.45
Milk fat 388.82 b 393.44 b 411.62 b 486.46 a 2.43
Milk protein 228.53 b 226.45 b 242.65 b 306.80 a 1.80
Each value is the average of six observations
a,b values bearing different superscripts in a row differ significantly (P

EFFECT FEEDING PROCESSED SWEET SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOUR (L) MOENCH)…
corroborates with the findings of Nagalakshmi D
and Narasimha Reddy D, (2010), reported lower
daily cost of feeding in lactating buffaloes fed
sugarcane bagasse based expander-extruder
pelleted ration (Rs. 51.43) compared to
conventional ration (Rs. 73.66). Replacement of
SS with SSB in TMR reduced the cost of milk
production by 22 per cent in buffaloes. Further
feeding of TMR in the form of expander-extruder
pellets further increased the milk production by
20% in buffaloes over mash and chopped form of
the TMR.
Conclusion
The results of the present study indicated
that SSB may be used as roughage source in
place of SS in TMR for economic milk
production. Further, expander-extruder processing
of SSB based TMR improved milk production feed
efficiency and decreased cost of milk production
compared to mash and chopped form of the same
ration.
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