EATING UP THE AMAZON 1

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54 EXPORTATION OF BRAZILIAN SOYA 292 Ports and Companies Itacoatiara - east of Manaus (AM) ADM, Bunge, Grupo André Maggi Santarém (PA) Cargill Ponta da Madeira – São Luis (MA) ADM, Bunge, Cargill Tubarão – Vitória (ES) ADM, Bunge Santos (SP) ADM, Bunge, Cargill, Grupo André Maggi Paranaguá (PR) ADM, Bunge, Cargill São Francisco do Sul (SC) Bunge, Cargill Río Grande (RS) Bunge Ihéus (BA) Bunge, Cargill States growing soya in Amazon biome (full or partial) Mato Grosso (MT) Roraima (RR) Rondônia (RO) Amazonas (AM) Amapá (AP) Mato Grosso (MT) Pará (PA) Rondônia (RO) Mato Grosso (MT) Pará (PA) Tocantins (TO) Maranhão (MA) Mato Grosso (MT) Mato Grosso (MT) Mato Grosso (MT) Mato Grosso (MT) Mato Grosso (MT) Non-Amazon states growing soya (outside Amazon biome) Goiás (GO) Piauí (PI) Bahia (BA) Brasília (DF) Goiás (GO) Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) Minas Gerais (MG) São Paulo (SP) Bahia (BA) Brasília (DF) Goiás (GO) Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) Minas Gerais (MG) Paraná (PR) São Paulo (SP) Bahia (BA) Goiás (GO) Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) Minas Gerais (MG) Paraná (PR) Río Grande do Sul (RS) Santa Catarina (SC) São Paulo (SP) Río Grande do Sul (RS) Minas Gerais (MG) Paraná (PR) Santa Catarina (SC) São Paulo (SP) Río Grande do Sul (RS) Santa Catarina (SC) Bahia (BA)
EATING UP THE AMAZON 55 ANNEX TWO – A SHORT HISTORY OF GM SOYA, BRAZIL AND THE EUROPEAN MARKET GM soya was first exported to Europe from the US in 1996. The technology was introduced by the agriculture and chemical giant Monsanto as a response to the end of its patent on its best selling product, the glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup. Monsanto’s seeds were genetically modified to survive large doses of Roundup. If you bought the seeds, you had to buy the chemicals. The technology ensured a continued market for Roundup. Between 1996 and 1999, Monsanto’s GM soya spread rapidly across the USA and Argentina. The reasons for this rapid adoption were mainly based on the false promise of higher yields from the GM soya, Monsanto dropping the price of Roundup, and Monsanto increasing its control of the global seed market. GM varieties were readily available and farmers were left with fewer conventional (GM free) seed options. By 1999, European companies started to specifically demand GM free soya from their suppliers in large volumes in response to demands from European consumers and food producers. As a result of legal action by Greenpeace and a Brazilian consumers organisation (IDEC), which required the Brazilian Government to carry out a proper environmental impact assessment (EIA) before the legal introduction of GM crops, Brazil became the main supplier of GM free soya on the international market. Many EU buyers simply switched to buying Brazilian soya on the understanding that it was GM free. And, of course, there is actually zero market demand for GM soya – ie no buyer actually demands GM soya. Today demand for GM free soya exists not just internationally but also from within Brazil itself. Large poultry exporters use high volumes of soya and many domestic food producers guarantee GM free products to Brazilian consumers. In recent years, there has been evidence of GM soya being grown illegally in the southern Brazil state of Río Grande do Sul using black market seeds that had been smuggled into the country from Argentina. The Brazilian Government has not acted responsibly. In 2003, it had effectively legalised the illegal planting of GM soya without conducting the proper environmental impact assessments, thus opening the door to increased contamination and environmental damage. The government is now involved with Monsanto to produce versions of GM soya adapted to the Amazon and other regions of Brazil. The introduction of GM soya will certainly fuel the destruction of the Amazon due to the ‘kill everything green’ concept of using high doses of herbicides in cultivating GM soya. The European food industry needs to develop responsible animal feed supplies in order to eliminate pressure on the world’s ancient forests and climate. This will include policies to source their products from more local, sustainable sources.
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Page 27 and 28: EATING UP THE AMAZON 27 BEYOND THE
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Page 31 and 32: EATING UP THE AMAZON 31 SLAVERY: TH
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Page 38 and 39: 38 ‘They simply said that the lan
Page 40 and 41: 40 ‘Companies should avoid situat
Page 42 and 43: 42 THE END OF THE LINE FOR AMAZON S
Page 44 and 45: 44 McDONALD’S CHICKEN McNUGGETS:
Page 46 and 47: 46 By 2050, current trends in agric
Page 48 and 49: 48 STRATEGIES TO PROTECT THE AMAZON
Page 51 and 52: EATING UP THE AMAZON 51 DEMANDS STO
Page 53: EATING UP THE AMAZON 53 Itacoatiara
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Page 59 and 60: EATING UP THE AMAZON 59 716-720 Roh
Page 61 and 62: EATING UP THE AMAZON 61 (2002) 85 G
Page 63 and 64: EATING UP THE AMAZON 63 The Amazon
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