an engineering geological characterisation of tropical clays - GBV
an engineering geological characterisation of tropical clays - GBV
an engineering geological characterisation of tropical clays - GBV
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
iv<br />
4.5 Principle <strong>of</strong> v<strong>an</strong>e shear test 38<br />
4.6 Variation <strong>of</strong> field v<strong>an</strong>e shear strength with soil depth 41<br />
4.7 Variation <strong>of</strong> field v<strong>an</strong>e shear strength with natural moisture content <strong>of</strong> soils 42<br />
4.8 Variation <strong>of</strong> field v<strong>an</strong>e shear strength with bulk density <strong>of</strong> soils 43<br />
5.1 Distribution <strong>of</strong> soils <strong>of</strong> the study area 47<br />
6.1 – 6.6 X-ray diffraction diagrams <strong>of</strong> black <strong>clays</strong> 61-64<br />
6.7 – 6.10 X-ray diffraction diagrams <strong>of</strong> red soils 65-67<br />
6.11 Variation <strong>of</strong> carbon content <strong>of</strong> red soils with depth 80<br />
6.12 Variation <strong>of</strong> carbon content <strong>of</strong> black <strong>clays</strong> with depth 81<br />
6.13 Variation <strong>of</strong> carbon content <strong>of</strong> both black <strong>clays</strong> <strong>an</strong>d red soils with depth 82<br />
7.1 A plasticity chart classification <strong>of</strong> black <strong>clays</strong> <strong>an</strong>d red soils 90<br />
7.2 Activity level classification <strong>of</strong> black <strong>clays</strong> <strong>an</strong>d red soils 91<br />
7.3a Particle size distribution curves for black <strong>clays</strong> <strong>an</strong>d red soils 102<br />
7.3b Tri<strong>an</strong>gular classification chart for black <strong>clays</strong> <strong>an</strong>d red soils 103<br />
7.4 Shear stress/ displacement curves <strong>of</strong> black <strong>clays</strong> <strong>an</strong>d red soils 107<br />
7.5 Coulomb or shear failure envelopes obtained for black <strong>clays</strong> <strong>an</strong>d red soils 110<br />
7.6 Correlation between shear paramters (c´, φ´) <strong>an</strong>d relative consistency,<br />
Cr, as well as moisture content, Wn, <strong>of</strong> black <strong>clays</strong> 111-112<br />
7.7 Correlation between shear paramters (c´, φ´) <strong>an</strong>d plasticity index (PI)<br />
<strong>of</strong> black <strong>clays</strong> 112-113<br />
7.8 Correlation between shear paramters (c´, φ´) <strong>an</strong>d reciprocal <strong>of</strong><br />
plasticity index (1/PI) <strong>of</strong> black <strong>clays</strong> 113<br />
7.9. Correlation between shear paramters (c´, φ´) <strong>an</strong>d ratio Cr/PI<br />
for black <strong>clays</strong> 114<br />
7.10 – 7.12 Time factor Tv related to degree <strong>of</strong> consolidation U% 117-118<br />
7.13 Log-time/settlement curve <strong>an</strong>alysis method showing phases<br />
<strong>of</strong> consolidation 118<br />
7.14 Analysis <strong>of</strong> square-root time/ settlement curve 118<br />
7.15a. Log-pressure/ voids ratio (e/ log p) curve 122<br />
7.15b. Determination <strong>of</strong> coefficient <strong>of</strong> secondary compression cα 122<br />
7.16 Conventional log-time/settlement curves for black <strong>clays</strong> during<br />
loading <strong>an</strong>d unloading stages 127<br />
7.17 Unconventional log-time/settlement curves for red soils<br />
during loading <strong>an</strong>d unloading stages 127<br />
7.18 Voids ratio/ log Pressure (e/ log p) curves for black <strong>clays</strong> <strong>an</strong>d red soils 128<br />
7.19 - 7.20 Permeability/ log pressure (K/log p) curves for black <strong>clays</strong><br />
<strong>an</strong>d red soils 130-131<br />
7.21 Coefficient <strong>of</strong> volume compressibility/ log pressure (mv/log p)<br />
curves for black <strong>clays</strong> <strong>an</strong>d red soils 131<br />
7.22 Coefficient <strong>of</strong> consolidation/ log pressure (cv/log p) curves for black<br />
<strong>clays</strong> <strong>an</strong>d red soils 132<br />
7.23 – 7.24 Correlation between laboratory determined liquid limits <strong>an</strong>d<br />
compression indices for black <strong>clays</strong> <strong>an</strong>d red soils 134<br />
7.25 – 7.26 Correlation between swell index <strong>an</strong>d Atterberg<br />
limits for black <strong>clays</strong> <strong>an</strong>d red soils 137<br />
7.27 Correlation between swell index <strong>an</strong>d free swell for black <strong>clays</strong><br />
<strong>an</strong>d red soils 137<br />
7.28 Swelling pressure curves obtained for black <strong>clays</strong> 139