Adverbial Morphemes in Tactile ASL - Gallaudet University
Adverbial Morphemes in Tactile ASL - Gallaudet University Adverbial Morphemes in Tactile ASL - Gallaudet University
PDE – Steven D. Collins Appendix B – Notes on Transcription symbols _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ B. Appendix B - Notes on Transcription Symbols Throughout this paper, glossing symbols are used to describe signs. This section provides a key to understanding these symbols: B.1 General Glossing conventions Signs glossed in English are presented in all capital letters; for example: MAN. Where more than one English word is needed to provide the essence of a sign’s meaning, the gloss takes the form of several words separated by hyphens as in: ONE- MORE. More recent ASL gloss transcriptions often include script-based representations of some important non-manual signals. These are generally shown as a letter or series of letters that are intended to represent corresponding mouth postures, head positions or movements, eyebrow positions and/or nose movements. A horizontal line that appears above the glossed sign or signs with which the non-manual signal co-occurs accompanies the abbreviated facial expressions. In the example below, the nonmanual signal t is an abbreviated convention used for topic marking in ASL. The topic NMS includes raised eyebrows and a slight backward and sideways tilt of the head. In the example below, this topic marker is held throughout the production of the first three signs. A somewhat literal translation appears under the ASL sentence. t MAN STAND IX-lf MY FATHER As for the man standing over there on the left, he is my father. Lexicalized fingerspelling is shown as a number sign (#) followed by the gloss as in: #JOB. Non-lexicalized fingerspelling is documented as the sign for each letter separated by hyphens as in: K-R-O-W-N. 79
PDE – Steven D. Collins Appendix B – Notes on Transcription symbols _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ B.2 Other Transcription symbols and conventions General directional information about the sign is given in the form of: -lf, -rt, -high, etc. This means that the signs were aimed at, or positioned in, that direction or area. Some formational information is provided in brackets such as [osc] for oscillating movement, [held] for an extended hold segment. Discourse features like hesitations, false starts, interruptions, clarification requests, overlaps and other transcription notes are also shown in brackets. Signs that seem to function as discourse markers are noted by [dm]. Manual signals that appear to function like gestures are shown as [gesture]. Information about subjects, objects and locations that are indicated by a sign’s location, placement, aiming or movement is provided by comments in parentheses such as the bolded comments in this example: PRO1 OBSERVE THAT IX++ (AADB) AT A-A-D-B EXAMPLE IX++ (man at AADB) MAN TELL^ME 6 (moves C’s thumb to read number better)… Plus signs indicate reduplication or repetition. Unmarked glosses mean there is one iteration of the sign, two plus signs (++) indicate a repeated movement as in the example: YOU++. Some signs have two or more forms, one in which the transition between hold segments includes a simple flexion of the finger or fingers at one or more joints and one in which the flexion is reduplicated. The reduplicated form appears as “wiggling” and is signified by –wg as in the example: WANT –wg. Some signs are marked by emphasis, usually a sharp or accelerated movement. This is shown by using either ! or (emph). 80
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PDE – Steven D. Coll<strong>in</strong>s<br />
Appendix B – Notes on Transcription symbols<br />
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
B.2 Other Transcription symbols and conventions<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
General directional <strong>in</strong>formation about the sign is given <strong>in</strong> the form of: -lf, -rt, -high,<br />
etc. This means that the signs were aimed at, or positioned <strong>in</strong>, that direction or area.<br />
Some formational <strong>in</strong>formation is provided <strong>in</strong> brackets such as [osc] for oscillat<strong>in</strong>g<br />
movement, [held] for an extended hold segment. Discourse features like hesitations,<br />
false starts, <strong>in</strong>terruptions, clarification requests, overlaps and other transcription notes<br />
are also shown <strong>in</strong> brackets. Signs that seem to function as discourse markers are<br />
noted by [dm]. Manual signals that appear to function like gestures are shown as<br />
[gesture].<br />
Information about subjects, objects and locations that are <strong>in</strong>dicated by a sign’s<br />
location, placement, aim<strong>in</strong>g or movement is provided by comments <strong>in</strong> parentheses<br />
such as the bolded comments <strong>in</strong> this example:<br />
PRO1 OBSERVE THAT IX++ (AADB) AT A-A-D-B EXAMPLE IX++ (man at<br />
AADB) MAN TELL^ME 6 (moves C’s thumb to read number better)…<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Plus signs <strong>in</strong>dicate reduplication or repetition. Unmarked glosses mean there is one<br />
iteration of the sign, two plus signs (++) <strong>in</strong>dicate a repeated movement as <strong>in</strong> the<br />
example: YOU++.<br />
Some signs have two or more forms, one <strong>in</strong> which the transition between hold<br />
segments <strong>in</strong>cludes a simple flexion of the f<strong>in</strong>ger or f<strong>in</strong>gers at one or more jo<strong>in</strong>ts and<br />
one <strong>in</strong> which the flexion is reduplicated. The reduplicated form appears as<br />
“wiggl<strong>in</strong>g” and is signified by –wg as <strong>in</strong> the example: WANT –wg.<br />
Some signs are marked by emphasis, usually a sharp or accelerated movement. This<br />
is shown by us<strong>in</strong>g either ! or (emph).<br />
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