Adverbial Morphemes in Tactile ASL - Gallaudet University
Adverbial Morphemes in Tactile ASL - Gallaudet University Adverbial Morphemes in Tactile ASL - Gallaudet University
PDE – Steven D. Collins Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ belief that this dialect of ASL, that Deaf-Blind people use naturally, will provide a far superior means for interpreters and other sighted ASL signers to engage in conversations with Deaf-Blind individuals rather than asking Deaf-Blind people to decode English influenced “word-for-word” signing or fingerspelling of full English sentences as a means of tactile communication. This paper strongly recommends that interpreters who work with deaf-blind consumers must be aware of the linguistic forms described here. The process of interpreting should include the use of prolonged holds, tension in the hands and additional lexical items in order to match the language used by Deaf-Blind people. Additionally, professionals in the field, such as educators, need to include training in the Tactile ASL dialect and interpreter training programs should be enhanced to include this variation, as well. Finally, based on the findings shown here, further study of Tactile ASL communication should be conducted to gain insight into other linguistic adaptations used in Tactile ASL. Incorporating the techniques demonstrated in the findings will contribute greatly to breaking down the barriers to communication for Deaf-Blind persons. 73
PDE – Steven D. Collins Appendix A - References _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A. Appendix A – References References Atwood, A., J. Clarkson, & C. Laba. 1994. Being in Touch: Communication and Other Issues in the Lives of People who are Deaf-Blind. Washington D.C.: Gallaudet University. Bahan, B. 1996. Non-Manual Realization of Agreement in American Sign Language. Boston, MA: Boston University Baker, C. 1976. Eye-openers in ASL. Sixth Annual California Linguistics Association Conference: Proceedings. 1-13. Baker, C. 1976. What’s not on the other hand in ASL. In Papers from the Twelfth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, eds. S. Hufwene, C. Walker, & S. Streeven. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Baker, C. & C. Padden. 1978. Focusing on the Non-manual Components of American Sign Language. In Understanding Language through Sign language Research, ed. P. Sipe, 59-90. New York, NY: Academic Press Baker, C. & D. Cokely. 1980. American Sign Language: A teacher’s resource text on Grammar and Culture. Silver Spring Md.: T.J. Publishers. Reprint, Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press 1991. Baker-Shenk, C., 1983. A micro-analysis of the non-manual components of questions in American Sign Language. Ph.D. Diss., University of California, Berkeley. Battison, R. 1978. Lexical borrowing in American Sign Language: Phonological and Morphological restructuring. Silver Spring, MD: Linstok Press. Bienvenu M. J. & B. Colonomos. 1991. The Face of ASL. Videotaped series. Burtonsville, MD: Sign Media, Inc. Brennan, M. 1997. Point of View Mental Health Issues of Deaf-Blind Adults. In JADARA, vol.30, #2&3, pp.28-35. Bridges B, & M Metzger, 1996. Deaf Tend Your: Non-Manual Signals in American Sign Language. Calliope Press Bussman, Hadumod. 1996. Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. London: Routledge. P. 347. 74
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PDE – Steven D. Coll<strong>in</strong>s<br />
Appendix A - References<br />
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
A. Appendix A – References<br />
References<br />
Atwood, A., J. Clarkson, & C. Laba. 1994. Be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Touch: Communication and Other Issues<br />
<strong>in</strong> the Lives of People who are Deaf-Bl<strong>in</strong>d. Wash<strong>in</strong>gton D.C.: <strong>Gallaudet</strong> <strong>University</strong>.<br />
Bahan, B. 1996. Non-Manual Realization of Agreement <strong>in</strong> American Sign Language. Boston,<br />
MA: Boston <strong>University</strong><br />
Baker, C. 1976. Eye-openers <strong>in</strong> <strong>ASL</strong>. Sixth Annual California L<strong>in</strong>guistics Association<br />
Conference: Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs. 1-13.<br />
Baker, C. 1976. What’s not on the other hand <strong>in</strong> <strong>ASL</strong>. In Papers from the Twelfth Regional<br />
Meet<strong>in</strong>g of the Chicago L<strong>in</strong>guistic Society, eds. S. Hufwene, C. Walker, & S. Streeven.<br />
Chicago, IL: <strong>University</strong> of Chicago Press.<br />
Baker, C. & C. Padden. 1978. Focus<strong>in</strong>g on the Non-manual Components of American Sign<br />
Language. In Understand<strong>in</strong>g Language through Sign language Research, ed. P. Sipe, 59-90.<br />
New York, NY: Academic Press<br />
Baker, C. & D. Cokely. 1980. American Sign Language: A teacher’s resource text on Grammar<br />
and Culture. Silver Spr<strong>in</strong>g Md.: T.J. Publishers. Repr<strong>in</strong>t, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, D.C.: <strong>Gallaudet</strong><br />
<strong>University</strong> Press 1991.<br />
Baker-Shenk, C., 1983. A micro-analysis of the non-manual components of questions <strong>in</strong><br />
American Sign Language. Ph.D. Diss., <strong>University</strong> of California, Berkeley.<br />
Battison, R. 1978. Lexical borrow<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> American Sign Language: Phonological and<br />
Morphological restructur<strong>in</strong>g. Silver Spr<strong>in</strong>g, MD: L<strong>in</strong>stok Press.<br />
Bienvenu M. J. & B. Colonomos. 1991. The Face of <strong>ASL</strong>. Videotaped series. Burtonsville,<br />
MD: Sign Media, Inc.<br />
Brennan, M. 1997. Po<strong>in</strong>t of View Mental Health Issues of Deaf-Bl<strong>in</strong>d Adults. In JADARA,<br />
vol.30, #2&3, pp.28-35.<br />
Bridges B, & M Metzger, 1996. Deaf Tend Your: Non-Manual Signals <strong>in</strong> American Sign<br />
Language. Calliope Press<br />
Bussman, Hadumod. 1996. Routledge Dictionary of Language and L<strong>in</strong>guistics. London:<br />
Routledge. P. 347.<br />
74
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