Adverbial Morphemes in Tactile ASL - Gallaudet University

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PDE – Steven D. Collins Introduction _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ benefits from these learning experiences. Moreover, this internship contributed to my designing and developing a solid investigation of TASL and ASL-to-TASL interpreting in the United States and Italy. My internship program was done while working as a Fulbright Scholar in Italy. As an intern, the focus of my attention was to develop and incorporate deaf-blind interpreting services for Deaf-Blind employees and students. This internship provided me with a fertile ground for research and information gathering. Additionally, there is a large deaf-blind community in Seattle, Washington. I did much of my studies while working with contacts I developed primarily in the community college and interpreter training areas in Seattle. With the completion of this PDE, I will be able to share my findings with Deaf-Blind consumers, interpreters for the Deaf-Blind, deaf-blind interpreter educators, and signed language linguists regarding TASL and TASL interpreting. My PDE is a preliminary investigation of one group of syntactic markers found in communication between Deaf-Blind persons. The PDE's data collection will consist of at least two videotaped sessions of a significant communication event between two Deaf-Blind subjects. I anticipate that these findings will contribute to improved TASL interpreting services and greater sensitivity and familiarity on the part of deaf-blind interpreter education programs towards the deaf-blind community. By conducting research, establishing a program in Italy, networking with various communities on a nation wide basis, and further studying of TASL, I hope to further enlighten those who are in the field of interpreter education that TASL and ASL are variations of a unique language. By providing an improved training process for interpreters who will serve the Deaf- Blind community, both hearing and Deaf interpreters will be able to provide a means of communication access to a specific group of individuals who have historically been socially isolated from the world. Implementation of the PDE’s research findings into interpreter training programs should result in more Deaf-Blind persons leading successful and fruitful lives. 9
PDE – Steven D. Collins Intellectual Context and Literature Review _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Intellectual Context and Literature Review 2.1. Background and Recent Research William Stokoe is known in Deaf culture as the “Father of American Sign Language (ASL)”. In his studies of American Sign Language (Stokoe 1960), Stokoe applied the idea of minimal pairs to reveal the distinctive parts of a sign. In doing so, he discovered the existence of three parameters: handshape, movement and location. Eventually, additional research demonstrated that orientation and a non-manual component were also distinctive, and these two parameters were then added. Although the physical form of a sign differs from the physical form of a spoken word—many of the same phonological processes and principles, such as assimilation, epenthesis, and metathesis, are found in both spoken and signed languages (Padden and Perlmutter 1987; Liddell and Johnson 1989). Currently, there are several competing theoretical models of ASL phonology, each trying to best represent the hierarchical structure, the relationship between the parameters, and the features within each parameter (Coulter 1992). Liddell and Johnson’s (1989) model proposes that a sign consists of a sequence of hold and movement segments, somewhat analogous to consonants and vowels, and each segment contains specifications for the four parameters. Movements are segmented in Liddell and Johnson’s model. Dr. Ceil Lucas (1995) has also done studies focused on the sociolinguistics of Deaf communities, including issues of sociolinguistic variation within signed languages, issues of bilingualism and language contact, language policy and planning, and language attitudes. She has also researched the structure of sign language discourse and is the editor of a journal series entitled Sociolinguistics in Deaf Communities, which produces a yearly volume consisting of papers in all areas of sociolinguistics pertaining to Deaf communities from around the world. As Lucas (1995) notes, Liddell & Johnson’s model is particularly suited for describing phonological processes often found in variation studies. 10
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Adverbial Morphemes in Tactile ASL - Gallaudet University

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