The chemistry, mineralogy, and rates of transport of sediments in the ...

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N P viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Much of the field work was done . b y . Kritsch-Vascotto, M . Van Det, P . Stewart, D . Middleton-Stier, L . Dory, C . Crocker, V . Fraser, A. Wiens, C . Nicol, J . McComiakey, C . Haight, D . Brackett, D . Bottomley, P . Michaelis, C Metcalfe, R : Andrew., D . Stier, and R . Bernhardt . Laboratory work in Yellowknife was done . b y . Morden, A . Foster, S . Michaelis, C . Levine, F . DeVries, C . Rollefson . We thank M . Stainton, M. Capel, B . Hauser, J . Tisdale, M . Mork, M . Lee, J . Mooers, R . Simanavicius, and A . Lutz . K . Ramlal of University of Manitoba Earth Sciences supplied X-ray fluorescence analyses . We thank H . L . Wood and Kelt Davies of Water Survey of Canada .for assistance in the field and for advice and data on discharge and suspended sediments in the Mackenzie Valley . Many aircraft pilots and engineers from Wardair, Gateway Aviation, LaRonge Aviation, Ptarmigan Airways, Arctic Air, TNTA, Buffalo Airways, Reindeer Air Service, 'Nahanni Helicopters, and Okanagan Helicopters are greatefully acknowledged . D . M . Rosenberg, N . B . Snow, D . W . Schindler, M . C . Healey, -S . C . Zoltai and R . Newbury provided discussion and advice during the preparation of this manuscript . C . Jones, W . Burton and B' . van der Veen assisted in the shop . S . Zettler and staff are thanked for drafting of the figures . G . Porth, C . Plumridge, C . Madder and J . Lewis typed the manuscript .
ix ABSTRACT Brunskill, G . J ., P . Campbell, . S . Elliott, B . W. Graham, J . Dentry and R . Wagemann . 1975 . The chemistry, mineralogy and rates of transport of sediments in the Mackenzie and Porcupine-River watersheds, N .W .T . and Yukon, 1971-1973. Fish . Mar . Serv . Res . Dev . Tech . Rep . 546 :69 pp . Measurements of concentrations-of suspended sediments (SS), particulate carbon (PC), particulate nitrogen (PN), particulate phosphorus (PP), and discharge (Q) were made on a variety of large and small rivers and streams of the Mackenzie Valley and northern Yukon . 'Significant logarithmic relationships were found between concentrations of SS, PC, FN, -PP, and discharge for each river station studied . Annual sediment and PC, PN, PP transport rates -(in tons or moles km -2yr-1 ) were also logarithmically related to annual Q for all rivers studied . Suspended sediment transport rates varied between 0 .2 and 11 .5 mt km' 2yr-1 ) for small (15,000 km watershed area) rivers . Multiple linear regression analyses on log transformed data for annual rates of transport of sediments, PC, PN, and PP, and a variety of map-derived geographic and climatic parameters indicated that watershed area, forest cover, relief, and precipitation account for over 97% of the differences in rates of transport values among the selected rivers . Rates of transport of suspended sediments in the watersheds studied were similar to data from other Arctic and Temperate Zone watersheds . Equations were developed to allow the estimation of sediment, PC, PN, and PP annual transport rates in unsampled watersheds in the Mackenzie Valley lowlands . Computed sedimentation rates (3 .8 kg sediments m -2yr -1 , 9 moles C m'2yr 1, 0 .3 Moles N m-2yr-1 , 0 .06 Moles p m-2yr-1 , based on Mackenzie and Peel River sediment transport rates) for the Mackenzie Delta and near-Delta portions of the Beaufort Sea agree well with analyses of bottom sediment samples in these regions . Bedload transport of cobbles and boulders were estimated in one small stream near Ft . Simpson, and was found to be
Page 1 and 2: Department of the Environment Minis
Page 3 and 4: iii TABLE OF-CONTENTS Page List of
Page 5 and 6: V TABLE 8 . Page Mean annual rates
Page 7: vii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1 .
Page 11 and 12: xi RESUMt Brunskill, G . J ., P . C
Page 13 and 14: 1 INTRODUCTION In regions of northe
Page 15 and 16: 3 Stream and river bottom sediments
Page 17 and 18: Annual rates of transport were obta
Page 19 and 20: 7 The total mass of sediments remov
Page 21 and 22: 9 Only two clay minerals were found
Page 23 and 24: 11 increased sediment concentration
Page 25 and 26: 13 changes in albedo, and the gener
Page 27 and 28: 15 Increases in the concentrations
Page 29 and 30: 17 which is positively related to w
Page 31 and 32: 19 and velocity (Fig . 1) . For the
Page 33 and 34: 21 It will be necessary to quantify
Page 35 and 36: 23 CONCLUSIONS 1 . For selected riv
Page 37 and 38: 25 REFERENCES Abrahams, A . D . and
Page 39 and 40: 27 Corbel, J . 1964 . L erosion ter
Page 41 and 42: 29 Hughes, 0 . L ., J . J . Veillet
Page 43 and 44: 33 McRoberts, E . C . and N . R . M
Page 45 and 46: 33 Tarnocai, C . 1973 . Soils of th
Page 47 and 48: , 35 e TABLE 2a . Slopes ') and int
Page 49 and 50: 37 i TABLE 2c . Slopes (b) and inte
Page 51 and 52: i 39 b TABLE 3 . Average annual mas
Page 53 and 54: 41 v b TABLE 5 . Cation exchange ca
Page 55 and 56: N c . P TABLE 7a . Ranges of concen
Page 57 and 58: I a m r TABLE 8 . Mean annual rates
Page 59 and 60:
01 TABLE 10. Mean annual rates of t
Page 61 and 62:
49 TABLE 12 . Significance of regre
Page 63 and 64:
TABLE 14 . Mean concentrations of s
Page 65 and 66:
9 Q TABLE 16 . A comparison of annu
Page 67 and 68:
TABLE 17 . cont'd River Year Date S
Page 69 and 70:
S TAME 17 . cont'd River Year Date
Page 71 and 72:
TABLE 17 . cont'd River Year Date Q
Page 73 and 74:
It • TABLE 17 . cont'd River Year
Page 75 and 76:
TABLE 17 . cant 'd River Year Date
Page 77 and 78:
2 =0.67 100,000- N E Y a 10,000- Y
Page 79 and 80:
c 11 I C- 10 - E n I, 0 10- E e 0.1
Page 81:
II (m 3 vnnr - ' v In'6 1 r r, m A
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