The chemistry, mineralogy, and rates of transport of sediments in the ...

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iv LIST OF TABLES Page TABLE 1 . Location of stations, dimension, and properties of rivers and streams of the Mackenzie and Porcupine River watersheds, N .W .T . and Yukon . 34 2a . Slopes (b) and intercepts (a) of the regression lines in Fig . 1, SSi W aZ, relating suspended sediment concentrations (SSj) to discharge (Qj) . 35 2b . Slopes (b) and intercepts (a) of the regression lines relating PC i and Qi (PCi - aQb) . 36 2c . Slopes (b) and intercepts (a) of th~~ regression, lines relating PN,t, and Q,~ (PN~, - Z) . 37 2d . Slopes (b) and intercepts (a) of recession lines relating PP A, and Qj (PPj aQ) 38 3 . Average annual mass (SS a ) and annual mass per unit watershed area per year (SSw ) of suspended sediments transported out of watersheds of the Mackenzie and Porcupine Rivers, 1971- .74 . 39 4 . Laboratory estimates of the rate of 0 2 consumption by sediments from the Harris River . 4n 5 . Cation exchange capacities for sediments of Mackenzie watershed rivers and lakes, Mackenzie Delta, and Beaufort Sea . 41 6 . Ammonium acetate (1N) and HC1 (1N) extractible . cations from Mackenzie Delta Channel Station EC1-3 sediments . 42 7a . Ranges of concentrations of particulate carbon (PCi), nitrogen (PNi) and phosphorus (PPi) in waters from selected Mackenzie and Porcupine River watersheds, 1971-74 . 43 7b . Ranges of and mean - (x) concentrations of particulate carbon (PC), nitrogen (PN) 'and phosphorus (PP) in suspended sediments' from selected Mackenzie and Porcupine River watersheds, 1971-74 . 44
V TABLE 8 . Page Mean annual rates of transport of particulate carbon (PC) in suspended sediments in selected Mackenzie and Porcupine River watersheds, 1971- 73 . 45 9 . Mean annual rate of transport of particulate nitrogen (PN) in suspended sediments of selected Mackenzie and Porcupine River watersheds, 1971-73 . 46 10 . Mean annual rates of transport of phosphorus (PP) in suspended sediments of selected Mackenzie and Porcupine River watersheds, 1971-73, and mole ratios of C, N and P in suspended sediments . 47 11 . Slopes and significance of regressions of the log of concentrations oC'PPL, PNi, and PCi (per unit volume of water) on log concentrations of suspended sediment (SSZ, mg 1 -1 ) for the rivers and streams of Groups 1 and 2 . 48 12 . Significance of regressions of annual transport rates of suspended sediments (SSW, in kg km -2 yr -1),, PC B , PNW , PPw (in moles km' 2yr') on annual discharge (Qa , in m 3yr' 1 ) for available data on rivers of Groups 1 and 2 . 49 13 . Results of multiple linear regression analyses of the relationsbips between the logs of mean (1971-73) annual rates of transport of suspended sediments (SS a , in metric tons yr - ), PCa , PN a , PPa (in metric tons yr-1 ), and logs of the variables : watershed area (Ad, in km 2 ), relief (SE, in km), river length (L, in km), mean annual daily temperature (T), mean annual precipitation (P, in mm), forest cover (F, in arbitrary rank), and surface geology (G, in arbitrary rank), for watersheds of Groups 1 and 2 . 50 14 . dean concentrations of selected major and minor e lements . in suspended sediments, and mean annual rate of. transport of these elements in particulate material from selected Mackenzie Valley watersheds . 51 15 . Estimated mass of suspended sediments (SSa, tons yr' 1 ), particulate carbon (P a ), particulate nitrogen (PRa ), and particulate phosphorus 07a, in moles yr' 1 ) that reaches the Mackenzie Delta and Beaufort Sea from the Peel and Mackenzie Rivers . 52
Page 1 and 2: Department of the Environment Minis
Page 3: iii TABLE OF-CONTENTS Page List of
Page 7 and 8: vii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1 .
Page 9 and 10: ix ABSTRACT Brunskill, G . J ., P .
Page 11 and 12: xi RESUMt Brunskill, G . J ., P . C
Page 13 and 14: 1 INTRODUCTION In regions of northe
Page 15 and 16: 3 Stream and river bottom sediments
Page 17 and 18: Annual rates of transport were obta
Page 19 and 20: 7 The total mass of sediments remov
Page 21 and 22: 9 Only two clay minerals were found
Page 23 and 24: 11 increased sediment concentration
Page 25 and 26: 13 changes in albedo, and the gener
Page 27 and 28: 15 Increases in the concentrations
Page 29 and 30: 17 which is positively related to w
Page 31 and 32: 19 and velocity (Fig . 1) . For the
Page 33 and 34: 21 It will be necessary to quantify
Page 35 and 36: 23 CONCLUSIONS 1 . For selected riv
Page 37 and 38: 25 REFERENCES Abrahams, A . D . and
Page 39 and 40: 27 Corbel, J . 1964 . L erosion ter
Page 41 and 42: 29 Hughes, 0 . L ., J . J . Veillet
Page 43 and 44: 33 McRoberts, E . C . and N . R . M
Page 45 and 46: 33 Tarnocai, C . 1973 . Soils of th
Page 47 and 48: , 35 e TABLE 2a . Slopes ') and int
Page 49 and 50: 37 i TABLE 2c . Slopes (b) and inte
Page 51 and 52: i 39 b TABLE 3 . Average annual mas
Page 53 and 54: 41 v b TABLE 5 . Cation exchange ca
Page 55 and 56:
N c . P TABLE 7a . Ranges of concen
Page 57 and 58:
I a m r TABLE 8 . Mean annual rates
Page 59 and 60:
01 TABLE 10. Mean annual rates of t
Page 61 and 62:
49 TABLE 12 . Significance of regre
Page 63 and 64:
TABLE 14 . Mean concentrations of s
Page 65 and 66:
9 Q TABLE 16 . A comparison of annu
Page 67 and 68:
TABLE 17 . cont'd River Year Date S
Page 69 and 70:
S TAME 17 . cont'd River Year Date
Page 71 and 72:
TABLE 17 . cont'd River Year Date Q
Page 73 and 74:
It • TABLE 17 . cont'd River Year
Page 75 and 76:
TABLE 17 . cant 'd River Year Date
Page 77 and 78:
2 =0.67 100,000- N E Y a 10,000- Y
Page 79 and 80:
c 11 I C- 10 - E n I, 0 10- E e 0.1
Page 81:
II (m 3 vnnr - ' v In'6 1 r r, m A
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