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24 11 . The increase in the rate of supply of sediments and other particulate elements to streams and rivers caused by technological disturbances and deforestation of the watershed will likely be proportional to the land area of terrain disturbance and deforestation . 12 . Small watershed streams will suffer proportionately greater sediment supply-increments from a given terrain disturbance, compared to larger rivers . This is because a larger proportion of a small stream's watershed will be disturbed, compared to the same disturbance in a large watershed . 13 . Computed sedimentation rates for suspended sediment,_ particulate C, N, and P in the Mackenzie Delta and deltaic regions of the Beaufort Sea agree well with bottom sediment analyses . This indicates that there is little or no alteration of Mackenzie and Peel River sediments upon deposition in the Delta, with respect to C, N and P . 14 . More discharge, suspended sediment, and meteorological stations are required in the Mackenzie Valley and northern Yukon to improve descriptive and predictive studies on sediments, sedimentation, and their effects on stream substrates and stream biology . This is particularly true for smaller watersheds . 15 . Experimental research watersheds in representative regions of the Mackenzie Valley . and northern Yukon should be established, instrumented, and monitored to obtain control and disturbance-related changes in the watershed ecosystem . Experimental research watersheds should also be used to test hypotheses on the effects of terrain disturbances in a scientific and a controlled manner . These experimental research watersheds should be maintained for the duration of major technological developments, in the Mackenzie Valley and northern Yukon . a 3
25 REFERENCES Abrahams, A . D . and . R . Kellerhalls . 1973 . Correlation s between water discharge and concentrations of suspended solids for four large prairie rivers, p . 96-113 . In Fluvial processes and sedimentation . Proc . Hydrol . Symp . Univ . Alberta, Edmonton, May 8, 9 ; 1973 . Allan, R . J ., J . Brown, and S . Rieger . 1969 . Poorly drained soils with permafrost in Interior Alaska . Proc . Soil Sci . Soc . Am . 33(4) : 599-605 . Anderson, J . C . 1974 . Permafrost - Hydrology Studies at Boot Creek and Peter Lake Watersheds, N .W .T ., p . 39-44 . 1n , J . Demers (ed .) Permafrost Hydrology . Canada Nat . Comm . Int . Hydrol . Decade, Env . Canada, Ottawa . Arnborg, L ., H . J . Walker, and J . Peippo . 1966 . Water discharge Colville River, 1962 . Geogr . Ann . 48 A(4) :195-210 . in the Arnborg, L ., H . J . Walker, and J . Peippo . 1967 . Suspended load in the Colville River, Alaska, 1962 . Geogr . Ann . 49A (2-4) :131-144 . Balster, C . A . and R . B . Parsons . 1968 . . Sediment transportation on steep terrain, Oregon Coast Range . Northwest Sci . 42(2) :62-70 . Beattie, C . A ., D . Erickson, A . Martin, and D . M . Grey . 1973 . Energy budget studies in the Arctic over areas subjected to different levels of vehicular activity - 1972-73 . Canada Task Force N . Oil Dev . Env . Soc . Comm . Report 73-23 . Information Canada Cat . No . R72-8873 . QS-1527-000-EE-Al : 32p . Bliss, L . C . (ed .) . 1973 . Botanical studies of natural and man-modified habitats in the Mackenzie Valley, eastern Mackenzie Delta region, and the Arctic islands . ALUR72-73-14 . Canada Task Force N . Oil Dev . Env . Soc . Comm . Report 73-41. Information Canada Cat . No . R72-8673 . LAND Publ . No . QS-1539-000-EE-Al . 162 p . Bostock, H . S . 1964 . A provisional physiographic map of Canada ., Geol . Surv . Can . Dept . Mines and Tech . Surv . Paper 64-35 . Bormann, F . H ., G . E . Likens, and J . S . Eaton . 1969 . Biotic regulation of particulate and solution losses from a forest ecosystem . Bio Science 19(7) :600-610 . Brown, R . J .-E . 1970 . Permafrost in Canada . Its influence on northern development .. Univ . of Toronto Press, Toronto . 234 p .
Page 1 and 2: Department of the Environment Minis
Page 3 and 4: iii TABLE OF-CONTENTS Page List of
Page 5 and 6: V TABLE 8 . Page Mean annual rates
Page 7 and 8: vii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1 .
Page 9 and 10: ix ABSTRACT Brunskill, G . J ., P .
Page 11 and 12: xi RESUMt Brunskill, G . J ., P . C
Page 13 and 14: 1 INTRODUCTION In regions of northe
Page 15 and 16: 3 Stream and river bottom sediments
Page 17 and 18: Annual rates of transport were obta
Page 19 and 20: 7 The total mass of sediments remov
Page 21 and 22: 9 Only two clay minerals were found
Page 23 and 24: 11 increased sediment concentration
Page 25 and 26: 13 changes in albedo, and the gener
Page 27 and 28: 15 Increases in the concentrations
Page 29 and 30: 17 which is positively related to w
Page 31 and 32: 19 and velocity (Fig . 1) . For the
Page 33 and 34: 21 It will be necessary to quantify
Page 35: 23 CONCLUSIONS 1 . For selected riv
Page 39 and 40: 27 Corbel, J . 1964 . L erosion ter
Page 41 and 42: 29 Hughes, 0 . L ., J . J . Veillet
Page 43 and 44: 33 McRoberts, E . C . and N . R . M
Page 45 and 46: 33 Tarnocai, C . 1973 . Soils of th
Page 47 and 48: , 35 e TABLE 2a . Slopes ') and int
Page 49 and 50: 37 i TABLE 2c . Slopes (b) and inte
Page 51 and 52: i 39 b TABLE 3 . Average annual mas
Page 53 and 54: 41 v b TABLE 5 . Cation exchange ca
Page 55 and 56: N c . P TABLE 7a . Ranges of concen
Page 57 and 58: I a m r TABLE 8 . Mean annual rates
Page 59 and 60: 01 TABLE 10. Mean annual rates of t
Page 61 and 62: 49 TABLE 12 . Significance of regre
Page 63 and 64: TABLE 14 . Mean concentrations of s
Page 65 and 66: 9 Q TABLE 16 . A comparison of annu
Page 67 and 68: TABLE 17 . cont'd River Year Date S
Page 69 and 70: S TAME 17 . cont'd River Year Date
Page 71 and 72: TABLE 17 . cont'd River Year Date Q
Page 73 and 74: It • TABLE 17 . cont'd River Year
Page 75 and 76: TABLE 17 . cant 'd River Year Date
Page 77 and 78: 2 =0.67 100,000- N E Y a 10,000- Y
Page 79 and 80: c 11 I C- 10 - E n I, 0 10- E e 0.1
Page 81: II (m 3 vnnr - ' v In'6 1 r r, m A

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