The chemistry, mineralogy, and rates of transport of sediments in the ...

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10 log Pra - 1 .0892 + 0 .9073 log Ad + 1 .1828 log AE -2 .8210 log F, R2 - 0 .98 ; ( 2 ) log PWg - 1 .0243 + 1 .1333 log Ad + 0 .6353 log AE - 3 .3231 log F, R2 - 0 .97 ; (3) log PE - 4 .5434 + 1 .0059 log Ad + 1 .8438 log AE - 2 .0173 log P and - 3 .7420 log F, R 2 - 0 .98 ; ( 4 ) log •STQ - 8 .8995 + 1 .2741 log Ad + 1 .1417 log AE - 2 .6367-log P - 6 .1278 log F, R2 - 0 .98 ( 5 ) These predictive relationships would likely be improved by inclusion of meterorological and soil-permafrost-vegetation parameters, by increased frequency of sampling, and a more widespread geographic distribution of river discharge, suspended sediment, and chemical measurement stations . In particular, small mountain streams and intermediate sized rivers (i .e . Hare Indian, Horn, Blackwater, North Nahanni, Root Rivers) are not represented in our data set . DISCUSSION The UsefulnessofRelationshipsBetweenConcentrationsofParticulate_ Material andDischarge As shown in Figs . 1, 3, 4 and Table 2, the concentrations of suspended sediments (SS4), and to a lesser extent particulate phosphorus (PP,), particulate nitrogen (PNi), and particulate carbon (PCB), vary in logarithmic proportion with discharge (Qi) . Such relationships (usually only for SS,) have been investigated in Temperate Zone rivers by Leopold et al . (1964, p : 220) and Abrahams and Kellerhalls (1973) . Sediment rating curves, such as Fig . 1, have been used to estimate, suspended sediment concentrations between sampling dates (such as in Davies, 1974) . Abrahams and Kellerhalls (1973) suggest that, with careful evaluation of 5-9 years of data, these relationships may be useful in predictive estimation of sediment concentrations and rates of transport of sediments . When a longer period of measurement of Qi and SSi is available,, these relationships (Fig . 1) could contribute to a method to observe the effects of terrain disturbance on suspended . sediment loads of smaller rivers and streams (i .e . similar in size and character to the rivers of Group 2 in Table 1) . If there have been no recent natural erosion events (fires or landslides) in a watershed under technological development (e .g ., rights-of-way clearing for pipelines or roads), then Qi and SSi data points that fall greatly above the regression lines (or their confidence limits, not shown) in Fig . 1 might indicate
11 increased sediment concentrations caused by terrain disturbance . However, it seems likely that variable fractions of the sediment added to the stream by terrain disturbances would settle to the stream bed . This would especially affect Group 2 type streams in summer, fall, and winter periods of low velocity and Qi. Such added sediment may be dispersed to pool areas of the stream or transported out of the stream only during periods of maximum velocity such as during spring and summer floods . We have observed the .atream's Mean's fractionation of point-source sediment addition at Caribou Bar Creek (where a natural landslide flowed into the stream), at the Dempster Highway crossing of the Rengleng River, and at the Mackenzie Highway crossing of the Martin River .(see Rosenberg and Snow, 1975) . In the case of the Caribou Bar and Rengleng examples, sands and silts appeared to accumulate near the point of entry of the added sediment to the river channel, but finer silts and clays were transported a short . distance (
Page 1 and 2: Department of the Environment Minis
Page 3 and 4: iii TABLE OF-CONTENTS Page List of
Page 5 and 6: V TABLE 8 . Page Mean annual rates
Page 7 and 8: vii LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1 .
Page 9 and 10: ix ABSTRACT Brunskill, G . J ., P .
Page 11 and 12: xi RESUMt Brunskill, G . J ., P . C
Page 13 and 14: 1 INTRODUCTION In regions of northe
Page 15 and 16: 3 Stream and river bottom sediments
Page 17 and 18: Annual rates of transport were obta
Page 19 and 20: 7 The total mass of sediments remov
Page 21: 9 Only two clay minerals were found
Page 25 and 26: 13 changes in albedo, and the gener
Page 27 and 28: 15 Increases in the concentrations
Page 29 and 30: 17 which is positively related to w
Page 31 and 32: 19 and velocity (Fig . 1) . For the
Page 33 and 34: 21 It will be necessary to quantify
Page 35 and 36: 23 CONCLUSIONS 1 . For selected riv
Page 37 and 38: 25 REFERENCES Abrahams, A . D . and
Page 39 and 40: 27 Corbel, J . 1964 . L erosion ter
Page 41 and 42: 29 Hughes, 0 . L ., J . J . Veillet
Page 43 and 44: 33 McRoberts, E . C . and N . R . M
Page 45 and 46: 33 Tarnocai, C . 1973 . Soils of th
Page 47 and 48: , 35 e TABLE 2a . Slopes ') and int
Page 49 and 50: 37 i TABLE 2c . Slopes (b) and inte
Page 51 and 52: i 39 b TABLE 3 . Average annual mas
Page 53 and 54: 41 v b TABLE 5 . Cation exchange ca
Page 55 and 56: N c . P TABLE 7a . Ranges of concen
Page 57 and 58: I a m r TABLE 8 . Mean annual rates
Page 59 and 60: 01 TABLE 10. Mean annual rates of t
Page 61 and 62: 49 TABLE 12 . Significance of regre
Page 63 and 64: TABLE 14 . Mean concentrations of s
Page 65 and 66: 9 Q TABLE 16 . A comparison of annu
Page 67 and 68: TABLE 17 . cont'd River Year Date S
Page 69 and 70: S TAME 17 . cont'd River Year Date
Page 71 and 72: TABLE 17 . cont'd River Year Date Q
Page 73 and 74:
It • TABLE 17 . cont'd River Year
Page 75 and 76:
TABLE 17 . cant 'd River Year Date
Page 77 and 78:
2 =0.67 100,000- N E Y a 10,000- Y
Page 79 and 80:
c 11 I C- 10 - E n I, 0 10- E e 0.1
Page 81:
II (m 3 vnnr - ' v In'6 1 r r, m A
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