228 • Cynthia McDougall, Ravi Prabhu and Robert Fisher Additional resources and guidel<strong>in</strong>es Hartanto, H., Lorenzo, M.C., Valmores, C., Arda-M<strong>in</strong>as, L., Burton, E.M. and Prabhu, R. 2003 Learn<strong>in</strong>g together: respond<strong>in</strong>g to change and complexity to improve <strong>community</strong> <strong>forests</strong> <strong>in</strong> the Philipp<strong>in</strong>es. CIFOR, Bogor. Kusumanto, T., Yuliani, E.L., Macoun, P., Indriatmoko, Y. and Adnan, H. 2005 Learn<strong>in</strong>g to adapt: manag<strong>in</strong>g <strong>forests</strong> together <strong>in</strong> Indonesia. CIFOR, YGB & PSHK-ODA Bogor. McDougall, C., Pandit, B.H., Paudel, K.P., Banjade, M., Paudel, N.S., Maharjan, M., Rana, S., Bhattarai, T. and Dangol, S. 2007 Forests <strong>of</strong> learn<strong>in</strong>g: an adaptive <strong>collaborative</strong> <strong>management</strong> approach to <strong>community</strong> forestry <strong>in</strong> Nepal. A guidebook for facilitators at the <strong>community</strong> forest user group level. CIFOR, Bogor. Vanclay, J., Prabhu, R. and S<strong>in</strong>clair, F. 2006 Realis<strong>in</strong>g <strong>community</strong> futures: a practical guide to harness<strong>in</strong>g natural resources. Earthscan, London.
CIFOR is a lead<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>ternational forestry research organisation established <strong>in</strong> 1993 <strong>in</strong> response to global concerns about the social, environmental, and economic consequences <strong>of</strong> forest loss and degradation. CIFOR is dedicated to develop<strong>in</strong>g policies and technologies for susta<strong>in</strong>able use and <strong>management</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>forests</strong>, and for enhanc<strong>in</strong>g the wellbe<strong>in</strong>g <strong>of</strong> people <strong>in</strong> develop<strong>in</strong>g countries who rely on tropical <strong>forests</strong> for their livelihoods. CIFOR is one <strong>of</strong> the 15 centres <strong>of</strong> the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). With headquarters <strong>in</strong> Bogor, Indonesia, CIFOR has <strong>of</strong>fices <strong>in</strong> Brazil, Bolivia, Burk<strong>in</strong>a Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, India, Zambia and Zimbabwe, and it works <strong>in</strong> over 30 other countries around the world. Donors CIFOR receives its major fund<strong>in</strong>g from governments, <strong>in</strong>ternational organizations, private foundations and regional organizations. In 2006, CIFOR received f<strong>in</strong>ancial support from Australia, <strong>Asia</strong>n Development Bank (ADB), African Wildlife Foundation, Belgium, Canada, Carrefour, Cec<strong>of</strong>orma, Ch<strong>in</strong>a, Centre de coopération <strong>in</strong>ternationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Convention on Biological Diversity, Cordaid, Conservation International Foundation (CIF), European Commission, F<strong>in</strong>land, Food and Agriculture Organization <strong>of</strong> the United Nations (FAO), Ford Foundation, France, German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ), German Federal M<strong>in</strong>istry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), German Foundation for International Cooperation, Global Forest Watch, Indonesia, Innovative Resource Management (IRM), International Institute for Environment and Development, International Development Research Centre (IDRC), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), Israel, Italy, the World Conservation Union (IUCN), Japan, Korea, MacArthur Foundation, Netherlands, Norway, Netherlands Development Organization, Overseas Development Institute (ODI), Peruvian Secretariat for International Cooperation (RSCI), Philipp<strong>in</strong>es, Spa<strong>in</strong>, Sweden, Swedish University <strong>of</strong> Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Switzerland, The Overbrook Foundation, The T<strong>in</strong>ker Foundation Incorporated, The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Tropical Forest Foundation, Tropenbos International, United States, United K<strong>in</strong>gdom, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF), Wagen<strong>in</strong>gen International, World Bank, World Resources Institute (WRI) and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).
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iv • Contents Chapter 5. Muddling
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vi • Foreword problem solving. Th
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viii • About the Contributors God
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Acknowledgements In early 1999, two
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Chapter 1. Introduction: People, Fo
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