Adaptive collaborative management of community forests in Asia ...

136 • Eva Wollenberg, Ramses Iwan, Godwin Limberg, Moira Moeliono, Steve Rhee and Made Sudana
Figure 5-1. Malinau District, East Kalimantan Province
Most of the accessible lowland forests, such as the area along the lower
Malinau River, are now fragmented and degraded from logging and
extensive swidden cultivation. Despite state claims to the land as public
forest and having to share the forest with timber concessions, local people
have retained access to large territories defined by customary use and
sometimes even by agreements among neighbouring villages (see Anau et
al. 2002).
Political reforms since 1998 6 in Indonesia have created the opportunity and
incentives for local government and communities to capture profits from
timber that had previously gone to the central government and concession
holders. The centrepiece of the district’s strategy has been small-scale
timber harvesting through Izin Pemungutan dan Pemanfaatan Kayu (IPPKs) 7 ,
small-scale logging permits of 100 to 5,000 ha given to local companies,
most of them hastily formed. Forty-six IPPKs were issued granting access