Adaptive collaborative management of community forests in Asia ...
Adaptive collaborative management of community forests in Asia ...
Adaptive collaborative management of community forests in Asia ...
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Chapter 4: Improv<strong>in</strong>g Forest Quality and Livelihoods <strong>in</strong> Indonesia • 105<br />
Diagnosis Plann<strong>in</strong>g Implementation<br />
Diagnosis<br />
1. Identify problem situations<br />
2. Identify other stakeholders with<br />
stake <strong>in</strong> same problem situation<br />
3. Develop mutual appreciation <strong>of</strong><br />
stakes that others have <strong>in</strong> problem<br />
situation<br />
Plann<strong>in</strong>g<br />
4. Frame problem situation<br />
5. F<strong>in</strong>d strategies to improve problem<br />
situation<br />
Implementation<br />
6. Observe<br />
7. Plan<br />
8. Act<br />
9. Reflect<br />
10. Plan<br />
11. Act<br />
12. Reflect<br />
etc.<br />
Figure 4-2. Three phases <strong>of</strong> ACM <strong>in</strong>tervention<br />
Diagnostic phase<br />
The diagnosis <strong>of</strong> problems makes explicit people’s concern so that they<br />
can communicate about them and take action. This phase was essential: it<br />
laid down the basis for subsequent processes <strong>of</strong> learn<strong>in</strong>g and collaboration.<br />
No strict prescription guided how long this phase should last. In Jambi the<br />
diagnostic stage required about six months, but <strong>in</strong> Pasir it took less than<br />
two months. It comprised three steps, all carried out by the local actors:<br />
• identification <strong>of</strong> problem situations;<br />
• identification <strong>of</strong> other stakeholders; and<br />
• development <strong>of</strong> mutual appreciation about the stakes that others<br />
had <strong>in</strong> a given problem.<br />
In practice the three diagnostic steps were not discrete, <strong>in</strong> neither time<br />
nor substance; rather, they overlapped with one another. Moreover, the<br />
order <strong>of</strong> the three steps was not strictly consecutive; <strong>in</strong>stead, they blended<br />
flexibly <strong>in</strong>to one coherent process.<br />
The identification <strong>of</strong> problem situations aimed at f<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g and agree<strong>in</strong>g<br />
on local priorities, which <strong>in</strong> both sites centred on livelihoods. Local<br />
stakeholders expressed their specific priorities as ‘learn<strong>in</strong>g questions’ (Table<br />
4-2) to guide them <strong>in</strong> their action research.