Dichlorvos (DDVP) Risk Characterization Document - California ...
Dichlorvos (DDVP) Risk Characterization Document - California ... Dichlorvos (DDVP) Risk Characterization Document - California ...
VIII. REFERENCES Abbott, D.C., S. Crisp, K.R. Tarrant, and J.O'G. Tatton, 1970. Pesticide residues in the total diet in England and Wales, 1966-1967. III. Organophosphorus pesticide residues in the total diet. Pestic. Sci. 1:10-13. Aldridge, W.N., and M.K. Johnson, 1977. Mechanisms and structure-activity relationships providing a high safety factor for anti-cholinesterase insecticides. Proceedings 1977 British Crop Protection Conference. Vol. 3: 721-729. Amvac Chemical Corp., 1987. Data submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the pesticide contamination act of 1985 (AB-2021) for DDVP technical grade organophosphorus insecticide. DPR Vol. 235-086. Aquilina, G., R. Benigni, M. Bignami, A. Calcagnile, E. Dogliotti, E. Falcone, and A. Carere, 1984. Genotoxic activity of dichlorvos, trichlorfon and dichloroacetaldehyde. Pest. Sci. 15:439-442. (in DPR Vol. 235-075 #35440). Barclays California Code of Regulations, 1991. Standards Presentation to California Occupational Safety and Health Standards Board. Table AC-1 Permissible Exposure Limits for Chemical Contaminants. Title 8 Section 5155, p. 788. Barolo, D. 1993. Memorandum to registrants on ranking of acute risks and Data Call-in Notice. Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, USEPA., Washington, D.C. Batham, P., B.E. Osborne, C. Bier, P. Araujo, B. Broxup, and B.G. Procter (Bio-Research Laboratories Ltd.), 1984. Dibrom chronic oral toxicity/carcinogenicity study in rats. Chevron Chemical Company. DPR Vol. 215-064 to 071 #037591. Beavers, J., C.P. Driscoll, V. Dukes, and M. Jaber (Wildlife International Ltd.), 1988. DDVP: An acute delayed neurotoxic study in chickens. Amvac Chemical Corp. DPR Vol. 235-094 #74931. Bedford, C.T., and J. Robinson, 1972. The alkylating properties of organophosphates. Xenobiotica 2(4):307-337. Benford, D.J., S.C. Price, J.N. Lawrence, P. Grasso, and J.N. Bremmer, 1994. Investigations of the genotoxicity and cell proliferative activity of dichlorvos in mouse forestomach. Toxicol. 92:203- 215. Beroza, M. and K.R. Hill (USDA Agricultural Research Service), 1968. Report of residue analysis. DPR Vol. 235-114 #98266. Blair, D., K.M. Dix, and P.F. Hunt (Tunstall Laboratory), 1974. Two year inhalation exposure of rats to dichlorvos vapour. DPR Vol. 235-050 #88033. Blair, D., E.C. Hoadley, and D.H. Hudson, 1975. The distribution of dichlorvos in the tissues of mammals after its inhalation or intravenous administration. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 31: 243- 253. Blair, D., K.M. Dix, P.F. Hunt, E. Thorpe, D.E. Stevenson, and A.I.T. Walker, 1976. Dichlorvos- A 2- year inhalation carcinogenesis study in rats. Arch. Toxicol. 35:281-294. 81
Bomhard, E., and M. Rinke, 1994. Frequency of spontaneous tumours in Wistar rats in 2-year studies. Exp. Toxic. Pathol. 46:17-29. Boyer, A.C., L.J. Brown, M.B. Slomka, and C.H. Hine, 1977. Inhibition of human plasma cholinesterase by ingested dichlorvos: effect of formulation vehicle. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 41: 389-394. Braun, R., J. Schoneich, L. Weissflog, and W. Dedek, 1982. Activity of organophosphorus insecticides in bacterial tests for mutagenicity and DNA repair- direct alkylation vs. metabolic activation and breakdown. Chem.- Biol. Interact. 39:339-350. (in DPR Vol. 235-075 #35444). Bremmer, J.N., A.I.T. Walker, and P. Grasso, 1988. Is dichlorvos a carcinogenic risk for humans? Mutat. Res. 209:39-44. (in DPR Vol. 235-094 #74930). Brimijoin, S. (USEPA), 1992. Enzymology and biology of cholinesterases. In: Proceedings of the U.S. EPA Workshop on Cholinesterase Methodology. December 4-5, 1991. Bronzan and Jones, 1989. Assembly bill 2161, Addition to the Food and Agriculture Code SEC 8 section 13060. California Food and Agriculture Code, Sacramento, CA. Bull, R.J., J.M. Brown, E.F. Meierhenry, T.A. Jorgenson, M. Robinson, and J.A. Stober, 1986. Enhancement of hepatotoxicity of chloroform in B6C3F1 mice by corn oil: Implications for chloroform carcinogenesis. Environ. Hlth. Perspect. 69:49-58. CDFA (California Department of Food and Agriculture) and DPR (Department of Pesticide Regulation), 1989-1991. Residues in Fresh Produce-1989. Sacramento, CA. Caroldi, S., and M. Lotti, 1981. Delayed neurotoxicity caused by a single massive dose of dichlorvos to adult hens. Toxicology Letters 9: 157-159. Carson, S. (Food and Drug Research Laboratories), 1969. Teratology studies in rabbits. Shell Chemical Company. DPR Vol. 235-072 #35429. Casebolt, D.B., S.L. Leary, and L. Undeutsch, 1990. Effects of dichlorvos treatment on mouse reproduction. Lab. Animal Science 40(1):65-67. Casida, J.E., L. McBride, and R.P. Niedermeier, 1962. Metabolism of 2,2-dichlorvinyl dimethyl phosphate in relation to residues in milk and mammalian tissues. J. Agric. Food Chem. 10:370-377 (in DPR Vol. 235-085 #58945). Cavagna, F., G. Locati, & E.C. Vigliani, 1969. Clinical effects of exposure to DDVP (Vapona) insecticide in hospital wards. Arch. Environ. Health 19: 112-123. Cavagna, G., G. Locati, and E.C. Vigliani, 1970. Exposure of newborn babies to Vapona insecticide. J.E.T., Janvier-Fevrier No. 1: 49-57. Chan, P.C. (National Toxicology Program), 1989. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of dichlorvos in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). U.S. DHHS, National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series No. 342. DPR Vol. 235-100. Chandra, M., M.G.I. Riley, and D.E. Johnson, 1992. Spontaneous neoplasms in aged spraguedawley rats. Arch. Toxicol. 66:496-502. 82
- Page 37 and 38: Table 3. Selected no-observed-effec
- Page 39 and 40: Gavage - Rat In a study conducted b
- Page 41 and 42: ate (Appendix D) and the assumption
- Page 43 and 44: Gavage - Mouse In a study conducted
- Page 45 and 46: Capsules - Dog DDVP (97.3-99.5% pur
- Page 47 and 48: Table 9. The no-observed-effect lev
- Page 49 and 50: Mice exposed to DDVP by inhalation
- Page 51 and 52: F. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Summary: E
- Page 53 and 54: Table 11. The dosages and the inhib
- Page 55 and 56: G. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY Summary:
- Page 57 and 58: levels not verified, too few pregna
- Page 59 and 60: H. NEUROTOXICITY Summary: Possible
- Page 61 and 62: IV. RISK ASSESSMENT A. HAZARD IDENT
- Page 63 and 64: Acute Toxicity Inhalation The criti
- Page 65 and 66: ates were not statistically signifi
- Page 67 and 68: In mice, there were dose-related in
- Page 69 and 70: B. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT The exposure
- Page 71 and 72: The U.S. Department of Agriculture
- Page 73 and 74: Acute Exposure Estimates of potenti
- Page 75 and 76: Table 19. Commodity contribution of
- Page 77 and 78: C. RISK CHARACTERIZATION The potent
- Page 79 and 80: Table 23. The margins of safety for
- Page 81 and 82: Table 25. The margins of safety of
- Page 83 and 84: label between treatment and the ava
- Page 85 and 86: VI. TOLERANCE ASSESSMENT A. BACKGRO
- Page 87: VII. CONCLUSIONS The toxicological
- Page 91 and 92: DPR, 1992. Sampling for pesticide r
- Page 93 and 94: Horn, K.-H., B. Teichmann, and T. S
- Page 95 and 96: NTP (National Toxicology Program),
- Page 97 and 98: TAS, 1992a. Exposure 4 . Detailed
- Page 99 and 100: Warf Institute Inc., 1977c. Acute e
- Page 101 and 102: APPENDIX A U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTE
- Page 103 and 104: APPENDIX B Department of Pesticide
- Page 105 and 106: TABLE 2: Percent DDVP Dermal Absorp
- Page 107 and 108: RESIDENT EXPOSURES Environmental mo
- Page 109 and 110: post-treatment, respectively. Glove
- Page 111 and 112: Ross, J.H., H.R. Fong, , T. Thongsi
- Page 113 and 114: APPENDIX C NALED TOXICOLOGY OF NALE
- Page 115 and 116: APPENDIX D CALCULATION EQUATIONS 1.
- Page 117 and 118: APPENDIX E ONCOGENICITY POTENCY CAL
- Page 119: APPENDIX E (continued) ONCOGENICITY
Bomhard, E., and M. Rinke, 1994. Frequency of spontaneous tumours in Wistar rats in 2-year<br />
studies. Exp. Toxic. Pathol. 46:17-29.<br />
Boyer, A.C., L.J. Brown, M.B. Slomka, and C.H. Hine, 1977. Inhibition of human plasma<br />
cholinesterase by ingested dichlorvos: effect of formulation vehicle. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.<br />
41: 389-394.<br />
Braun, R., J. Schoneich, L. Weissflog, and W. Dedek, 1982. Activity of organophosphorus<br />
insecticides in bacterial tests for mutagenicity and DNA repair- direct alkylation vs. metabolic<br />
activation and breakdown. Chem.- Biol. Interact. 39:339-350. (in DPR Vol. 235-075 #35444).<br />
Bremmer, J.N., A.I.T. Walker, and P. Grasso, 1988. Is dichlorvos a carcinogenic risk for humans?<br />
Mutat. Res. 209:39-44. (in DPR Vol. 235-094 #74930).<br />
Brimijoin, S. (USEPA), 1992. Enzymology and biology of cholinesterases. In: Proceedings of the<br />
U.S. EPA Workshop on Cholinesterase Methodology. December 4-5, 1991.<br />
Bronzan and Jones, 1989. Assembly bill 2161, Addition to the Food and Agriculture Code SEC 8<br />
section 13060. <strong>California</strong> Food and Agriculture Code, Sacramento, CA.<br />
Bull, R.J., J.M. Brown, E.F. Meierhenry, T.A. Jorgenson, M. Robinson, and J.A. Stober, 1986.<br />
Enhancement of hepatotoxicity of chloroform in B6C3F1 mice by corn oil: Implications for<br />
chloroform carcinogenesis. Environ. Hlth. Perspect. 69:49-58.<br />
CDFA (<strong>California</strong> Department of Food and Agriculture) and DPR (Department of Pesticide<br />
Regulation), 1989-1991. Residues in Fresh Produce-1989. Sacramento, CA.<br />
Caroldi, S., and M. Lotti, 1981. Delayed neurotoxicity caused by a single massive dose of dichlorvos<br />
to adult hens. Toxicology Letters 9: 157-159.<br />
Carson, S. (Food and Drug Research Laboratories), 1969. Teratology studies in rabbits. Shell<br />
Chemical Company. DPR Vol. 235-072 #35429.<br />
Casebolt, D.B., S.L. Leary, and L. Undeutsch, 1990. Effects of dichlorvos treatment on mouse<br />
reproduction. Lab. Animal Science 40(1):65-67.<br />
Casida, J.E., L. McBride, and R.P. Niedermeier, 1962. Metabolism of 2,2-dichlorvinyl dimethyl<br />
phosphate in relation to residues in milk and mammalian tissues. J. Agric. Food Chem.<br />
10:370-377 (in DPR Vol. 235-085 #58945).<br />
Cavagna, F., G. Locati, & E.C. Vigliani, 1969. Clinical effects of exposure to <strong>DDVP</strong> (Vapona)<br />
insecticide in hospital wards. Arch. Environ. Health 19: 112-123.<br />
Cavagna, G., G. Locati, and E.C. Vigliani, 1970. Exposure of newborn babies to Vapona insecticide.<br />
J.E.T., Janvier-Fevrier No. 1: 49-57.<br />
Chan, P.C. (National Toxicology Program), 1989. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of<br />
dichlorvos in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (gavage studies). U.S. DHHS, National<br />
Toxicology Program Technical Report Series No. 342. DPR Vol. 235-100.<br />
Chandra, M., M.G.I. Riley, and D.E. Johnson, 1992. Spontaneous neoplasms in aged spraguedawley<br />
rats. Arch. Toxicol. 66:496-502.<br />
82
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