Dichlorvos (DDVP) Risk Characterization Document - California ...

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Table 20. Potential acute combined occupational and residential exposures to DDVP. Occupational Residential Dietary Total Daily Dosage Exposure Exposure Exposure Exposure type (ug/kg-day) a (ug/kg-day) b (ug/kg-day) c (ug/kg-day) Warehouse worker 12 74 0.69 87 Structural PCO 9 74 0.69 84 Livestock applicator 62 74 0.69 137 a/ b/ c/ Exposure levels were derived from Table 16. Exposure level of adults exposed to foggers (Table 16). Exposure level of adult subgroups (males 13-19 years) from Table 18. Table 21. Potential chronic and lifetime combined occupational and residential exposures to DDVP. Chronic Lifetime Exposure Exposure Exposure type (ug/kg-day) a (ug/kg-day) b Warehouse worker 2.1 1.22 Structural PCO 2.3 1.32 Livestock applicator 6.1 3.52 a/ b/ Exposure levels were sum of AADD for workers and adults using home-use fogger (adult) (Table 16), and chronic dietary exposure levels for males (13-19 years) (Table 18). Exposure levels were sum of LADD for workers and adults using home-use fogger (adult) (Table 16), and chronic dietary exposure levels for U.S. population (Table 18). 69
C. RISK CHARACTERIZATION The potential health hazard associated with the use of DDVP was considered for occupational and residential exposures. Non-oncogenic effects were characterized in terms of margins of safety (MOS), defined as the ratio of the NOEL to the potential exposure dosage. The risk of cancer was characterized in terms of theoretical probability of excess cancer risk in a lifetime, and is calculated by potency factor and exposure levels. The critical NOELs (in terms of adjusted dosages) and potency factors used to address the various exposure scenarios for humans are listed in Table 22. Table 22. The critical no-observed-effects levels (NOELs) and potency factors for risk characterization. Scenarios Potential routes of human exposure Adjusted NOEL a ug/kg-day Corrected NOEL b ug/kg-day Effects in animal studies References c Acute occupational residential combined inhalation 650 325 death (2-3 days) Thorpe et al., 1971b dietary oral 500 500 cholinergic signs (within 1 day) Lamb, 1992 and Lamb, 1993a Chronic occupational residential combined inhalation 50 25 brain ChE inhibition, reduced body weights Blair et al., 1974 dietary oral 50 50 brain ChE inhibition and cholinergic signs Markiewicz, 1990* Potency factors rat mg/kg-day -1 human mg/kg-day -1 Lifetime oral inhalation q 1 =0.058 q 1 *=0.10 q 1 =0.20 q 1 *=0.35 mononuclear leukemia Chan, 1989* a/ b/ c/ NOELs were adjusted by converting doses to mg/kg-day units using equations in Appendix D. The NOEL from inhalation studies were corrected for 50% absorption factor. The oral absorption is assumed to be 100%. * indicates study was acceptable to DPR according to FIFRA guidelines. 70
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DICHLORVOS (DDVP) RISK CHARACTERIZA
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transmitter of signals from the ner
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Contributors and Acknowledgments Pr
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List of Tables Pages 1. The acute t
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hematocrit) in rats. From studies w
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II. INTRODUCTION The human health r
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food service facilities); hand-held
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G. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE Summary: DDVP
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III. TOXICOLOGY PROFILE Pharmacokin
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Inhalation - Rat Carworth Farm stra
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DIMETHYL PHOSPHATE Oral - Rat Rats
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B. ACUTE TOXICITY Summary: The acut
Page 25 and 26: Oral - Human One hundred and eight
Page 27 and 28: Table 1. The acute toxicity of DDVP
Page 29 and 30: Table 1. The acute toxicity of DDVP
Page 31 and 32: Table 2. Selected no-observed-effec
Page 33 and 34: dose-related manner. At a dosage of
Page 35 and 36: pretreatment levels, respectively.
Page 37 and 38: Table 3. Selected no-observed-effec
Page 39 and 40: Gavage - Rat In a study conducted b
Page 41 and 42: ate (Appendix D) and the assumption
Page 43 and 44: Gavage - Mouse In a study conducted
Page 45 and 46: Capsules - Dog DDVP (97.3-99.5% pur
Page 47 and 48: Table 9. The no-observed-effect lev
Page 49 and 50: Mice exposed to DDVP by inhalation
Page 51 and 52: F. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Summary: E
Page 53 and 54: Table 11. The dosages and the inhib
Page 55 and 56: G. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY Summary:
Page 57 and 58: levels not verified, too few pregna
Page 59 and 60: H. NEUROTOXICITY Summary: Possible
Page 61 and 62: IV. RISK ASSESSMENT A. HAZARD IDENT
Page 63 and 64: Acute Toxicity Inhalation The criti
Page 65 and 66: ates were not statistically signifi
Page 67 and 68: In mice, there were dose-related in
Page 69 and 70: B. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT The exposure
Page 71 and 72: The U.S. Department of Agriculture
Page 73 and 74: Acute Exposure Estimates of potenti
Page 75: Table 19. Commodity contribution of
Page 79 and 80: Table 23. The margins of safety for
Page 81 and 82: Table 25. The margins of safety of
Page 83 and 84: label between treatment and the ava
Page 85 and 86: VI. TOLERANCE ASSESSMENT A. BACKGRO
Page 87 and 88: VII. CONCLUSIONS The toxicological
Page 89 and 90: Bomhard, E., and M. Rinke, 1994. Fr
Page 91 and 92: DPR, 1992. Sampling for pesticide r
Page 93 and 94: Horn, K.-H., B. Teichmann, and T. S
Page 95 and 96: NTP (National Toxicology Program),
Page 97 and 98: TAS, 1992a. Exposure 4 . Detailed
Page 99 and 100: Warf Institute Inc., 1977c. Acute e
Page 101 and 102: APPENDIX A U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTE
Page 103 and 104: APPENDIX B Department of Pesticide
Page 105 and 106: TABLE 2: Percent DDVP Dermal Absorp
Page 107 and 108: RESIDENT EXPOSURES Environmental mo
Page 109 and 110: post-treatment, respectively. Glove
Page 111 and 112: Ross, J.H., H.R. Fong, , T. Thongsi
Page 113 and 114: APPENDIX C NALED TOXICOLOGY OF NALE
Page 115 and 116: APPENDIX D CALCULATION EQUATIONS 1.
Page 117 and 118: APPENDIX E ONCOGENICITY POTENCY CAL
Page 119: APPENDIX E (continued) ONCOGENICITY
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