Dichlorvos (DDVP) Risk Characterization Document - California ...
Dichlorvos (DDVP) Risk Characterization Document - California ... Dichlorvos (DDVP) Risk Characterization Document - California ...
TABLE 3: Annual Average and Lifetime Average Daily Dosage (AADD & LADD) for persons using or incidentally exposed to DDVP. Weight of adult male worker for dosage calculation is 70 kg. Dermal absorption is 13 percent (see dermal absorption section) and inhalation uptake is 50 percent (Raabe, 1988). Career lifetime for workers is 40 years. Lifetime is 70 years. ================================================================================ TWA Air Air Potential Dose Absorbed Daily Exposure Levels Exposure Dermal/Inhal. a Dosage Days Type [ug/L] Time mg/day ug/kg/day Exposed AADD b LADD c Warehouse 12hr-post 0.12 8 hr. ND / 1.67 12 17 d 0.6 0.3 Struct. PCO 0.02 2 hr. 4.7 / 0.07 9 30 0.8 0.4 Livestock applicator 0.55 8 hr. 3.8 / 7.66 62 27 4.6 2.6 Resident e 0.10 16 hr. NS / 0.71 5 6 0.1 0.06 f Resident g 0.20 16 hr. NS / 1.42 10 6 0.2 0.11 f Child h 0.04 24 hr. 0.4 i / 0.24 16 6 0.3 0.10 j Child k 0.14 24 hr. NS / 0.85 40 60 l 6.6 3.1 j Child m 0.10 24 hr. NS / 0.60 29 60 l 4.8 2.2 j Pet Owner n 0.02 1 hr. NS / 0.04 0.3 60 l 0.05 0.03 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- a. inhalation dose = (air level)(exposure time)(29 LPM breathing rate, EPA, 1987). b. ug/kg/day/year. c. ug/kg/day/lifetime (Assuming children's body surface and weight increases are proportional to increases in the exposure). d. application every 3 weeks. e. exposed to home-use fogger air residue, breathing rate 7.4 LPM [resting (EPA, 1987)]. f. 40 years exposure. g. exposed to SPCO application residue, breathing rate 7.4 LPM [resting]. h. child weighs 10.5 kg, body surface area of 3925 cm 2 , breathing rate 4.2 LPM (Snyder, 1974), exposed to fogger residue at six hours post-ventilation and LADD calculated for 16 years. i. DDVP transfer factor [McDonald, 1991]: (4 percent/hr)(6 hr contact/day) (0.4 ug/cm 2 , Maddy, 1984). j. 16 years as a child and 24 years as an adult in a 70-year lifetime. k. from resin strip air-levels which caused inhibition in pseudo-AChE (Cavagna, 1969) l. 10 days of high exposure/strip replaced every 2 months m. from resin air-levels which did not cause inhibition in pseudo-AChE (Maddy, 1984) n. collar is 1/10 th weight of resin strip, thus 1/10 th residue exposure from resin strip. ND - no data NS - not significant, material primarily airborne vapor or not available for dermal contact. ================================================================================ Fong, WH&S, 1993 A more recent DDVP indoor fogger exposure study was conducted in three phases in a hotel in British Columbia, Canada (McDonald, 1991). The first phase monitored residue fallout on the carpet, airborne residues, and carpet residue transfer to wipe fabrics at various intervals during 24 hours following treatment of rooms with a 0.5% DDVP fogger. The second phase monitored residue transfer from the carpet to the clothing (used as dosimeters) of four human volunteers performing Jazzercise R routines and stretches at various times after the fogger treatment. The Jazzercise R routines were used to conduct reproducible motions with extensive floor contact. Urine and blood samples were also collected in this phase for dimethyl phosphate (DMP) and cholinesterase (ChE) analysis, respectively. The third phase monitored urinary DMP and blood ChE activity of volunteers wearing shorts only and performing the same routines and stretches in DDVP treated rooms. The volunteers performed the routines for 20 minutes each time, for a total of 160 minutes in phase II and 80 minutes in phase III. In phase II, DDVP airborne residues were 395, 234, and 50 ug/m 3 at three, nine, and 27 hours post-treatment, respectively. Clothing dosimeters contained 2010, 1506, and 1269 ug/person/20 minutes at three, six, and nine hours 6
post-treatment, respectively. Gloves contained 99 ug/person/20 minutes at three hours and 67 ug/person/20 minutes at nine hours post-treatment. Urinary DMP averaged 390 ug/person/hour of exposure in phase II and 432 ug/person/hour of exposure in phase III, suggesting that the tight-fitting clothing worn in phase II did not provide significant exposure protection. Blood acetyl-ChE activities of collected samples were within the normal range. The results for pseudo-ChE activities were inconclusive because of some missing or lost samples. Estimated absorbed daily dosages (ADD) for adult and child from dermal, inhalation, and non-dietary ingestion exposure to DDVP (Table 4) is based on average airborne residues and residues found in clothing dosimeters. ADDs based on urinary DMP are also shown in Table 4. TABLE 4: DDVP Estimated Absorbed Daily Dosages from Clothing Dosimetry vs. Biological Monitoring Following DDVP Indoor Fogger Use for Resident Children and Adults. ================================================================================ dermal Inhalation Ingestion ADD AADD ** LADD (ug/kg/day) Clothing Dosimetry (C.D.): Adult 57.2 31.5 1.1 89.8 1.48 0.84 Child 84.6 33.3 16.6 134.5 2.21 1.01 Biological Monitoring (B.M.): Adult 73.0 * 1.1 74.1 1.22 0.70 Child 107.9 * 16.6 124.5 2.05 0.88 * - Dermal and inhalation for six hours of activity based on urinary DMP corrected for the ratio of DDVP/DMP molecular weights (1.754) plus inhalation for 18 hours of light activity and rest. **- Six days in a year. Based on: Six hours of activity and 18 hours of light activity and rest, dermal absorption of 13% (Jeffcoat, 1990), Inhalation uptake of 50% (Raabe, 1988), urinary DMP corrected for DDVP molecular weight and ratio of children body surface area over body weight to that of an adult. Adult Child Reference Clothing (C.D./B.M.) none/shorts none/diaper - Body weight (kg) 70 10.5 Snyder, 1974 Body surface (cm 2 ) 17700 3925 Snyder, 1974 Inhalation rate (m 3 /hr) 1.74 | 0.44 0.25 | 0.09 EPA, 1987 Hand residue ingestion (%) 5 50 Ross, 1992 Lifetime exposure (years) 40/70 16+24/70 - ================================================================================ Formoli, WH&S, 1992 The estimates of exposure based on clothing dosimetry and biological monitoring for home residents in Table 4 are very close. Biological monitoring is a more reliable indicator of exposure compared to passive dosimetry. 7
- Page 57 and 58: levels not verified, too few pregna
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- Page 61 and 62: IV. RISK ASSESSMENT A. HAZARD IDENT
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- Page 87 and 88: VII. CONCLUSIONS The toxicological
- Page 89 and 90: Bomhard, E., and M. Rinke, 1994. Fr
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- Page 113 and 114: APPENDIX C NALED TOXICOLOGY OF NALE
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post-treatment, respectively. Gloves contained 99 ug/person/20 minutes at three hours and 67 ug/person/20 minutes<br />
at nine hours post-treatment. Urinary DMP averaged 390 ug/person/hour of exposure in phase II and 432<br />
ug/person/hour of exposure in phase III, suggesting that the tight-fitting clothing worn in phase II did not provide<br />
significant exposure protection. Blood acetyl-ChE activities of collected samples were within the normal range. The<br />
results for pseudo-ChE activities were inconclusive because of some missing or lost samples. Estimated absorbed<br />
daily dosages (ADD) for adult and child from dermal, inhalation, and non-dietary ingestion exposure to <strong>DDVP</strong><br />
(Table 4) is based on average airborne residues and residues found in clothing dosimeters. ADDs based on urinary<br />
DMP are also shown in Table 4.<br />
TABLE 4: <strong>DDVP</strong> Estimated Absorbed Daily Dosages from Clothing Dosimetry vs. Biological Monitoring<br />
Following <strong>DDVP</strong> Indoor Fogger Use for Resident Children and Adults.<br />
================================================================================<br />
dermal Inhalation Ingestion ADD AADD ** LADD<br />
(ug/kg/day)<br />
Clothing Dosimetry (C.D.):<br />
Adult 57.2 31.5 1.1 89.8 1.48 0.84<br />
Child 84.6 33.3 16.6 134.5 2.21 1.01<br />
Biological Monitoring (B.M.):<br />
Adult 73.0 * 1.1 74.1 1.22 0.70<br />
Child 107.9 * 16.6 124.5 2.05 0.88<br />
* - Dermal and inhalation for six hours of activity based on urinary DMP corrected for the ratio of <strong>DDVP</strong>/DMP<br />
molecular weights (1.754) plus inhalation for 18 hours of light activity and rest.<br />
**- Six days in a year.<br />
Based on: Six hours of activity and 18 hours of light activity and rest, dermal absorption of 13% (Jeffcoat, 1990),<br />
Inhalation uptake of 50% (Raabe, 1988), urinary DMP corrected for <strong>DDVP</strong> molecular weight and ratio of children<br />
body surface area over body weight to that of an adult.<br />
Adult Child Reference<br />
Clothing (C.D./B.M.) none/shorts none/diaper -<br />
Body weight (kg) 70 10.5 Snyder, 1974<br />
Body surface (cm 2 ) 17700 3925 Snyder, 1974<br />
Inhalation rate (m 3 /hr) 1.74 | 0.44 0.25 | 0.09 EPA, 1987<br />
Hand residue ingestion (%) 5 50 Ross, 1992<br />
Lifetime exposure (years) 40/70 16+24/70 -<br />
================================================================================<br />
Formoli, WH&S, 1992<br />
The estimates of exposure based on clothing dosimetry and biological monitoring for home residents in Table 4 are<br />
very close. Biological monitoring is a more reliable indicator of exposure compared to passive dosimetry.<br />
7