TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR BARIUM AND COMPOUNDS ...

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10 2. HEALTH EFFECTS Hematological Effects. Low serum potassium level was observed in a 22-year-old factory worker accidentally exposed by acute inhalation to barium carbonate powder (Shankle and Keane 1988). Altered hematological parameters were observed in rats following inhalation for an intermediate exposure period to 3.6 mg barium/m 3 as barium carbonate dust (Tarasenko et al. 1977). Reported changes included decreased blood hemoglobin, decreased thrombocyte count, decreased blood glucose, decreased albumin, increased leukocyte count, and increased blood phosphorus. Musculoskeletal Effects. After accidental exposure to a large amount of barium carbonate powder by acute inhalation, a 22-year-old factory worker developed progressive muscle weakness and paralysis of the extremities and neck (Shankle and Keane 1988). X-ray analysis of the bones and skeletal muscles of the pelvis and thighs of workers chronically exposed to barium carbonate dust revealed no apparent build up of barium in these tissues (Essing et al. 1976). No studies were located regarding musculoskeletal effects in animals after inhalation exposure to barium. Hepatic Effects. No studies were located regarding hepatic effects in humans after inhalation exposure to barium. Impaired detoxifying function of the liver was noted in one study in which rats were treated by intermediate inhalation exposure to 3.6 mg barium/m 3 as barium carbonate dust (Tarasenko et al. 1977). No other details were reported. Renal Effects. Renal failure occurred in a 22-year-old worker accidentally exposed by acute inhalation to barium carbonate powder (Shankle and Keane 1988). No studies were located regarding renal effects in animals after inhalation exposure to barium. Other Systemic Effects. No studies were located regarding other systemic in humans after inhalation exposure to barium. Decreased body weight and decreased urinary calcium developed in rats following inhalation for an intermediate exposure period to 3.6 mg barium/m 3 as barium carbonate dust (Tarasenko et al. 1977). 2.2.1.3 Immunological Effects No studies were located regarding immunological effects in humans or animals after inhalation exposure to barium. 2.2.1.4 Neurological Effects Absence of deep tendon reflexes was observed in a 22-year-old man accidentally exposed by acute inhalation to barium carbonate powder (Shankle and Keane 1988). No studies were located regarding neurological effects in animals after inhalation exposure to barium.
11 2. HEALTH EFFECTS 2.2.1.5 Developmental Effects No studies were located regarding developmental effects in humans after inhalation exposure to barium. Only one limited report was available regarding developmental effects in animals after intermediate inhalation to barium (Tarasenko et al. 1977). Reduced survival, underdevelopment, lowered weight gain, and various hematologic alterations (erythropenia, leukocytosis, eosinophilia, neutrophilia) were reportedly noted in the offspring of female rats exposed by inhalation for an intermediate period to 2.2 or 9.4 mg barium/m 3 as barium carbonate dust (Tarasenko et al. 1977). No other significant details regarding this developmental study were reported. 2.2.1.6 Reproductive Effects No studies were located regarding reproductive effects in humans after inhalation exposure to barium. Only one limited report was available regarding reproductive effects in animals following intermediate inhalation exposure to barium carbonate (Tarasenko et al. 1977). Disturbances in spermatogenesis, including decreased number of sperm, decreased percentage of motile sperm, and decreased osmotic resistance of sperm, were reportedly observed in male rats exposed by inhalation for one cycle of spermatogenesis to 15.8 mg barium/m 3 as barium carbonate dust. The testicles of these treated rats reportedly had an increase in the number of ducts with desquamated epithelium and a reduced number of ducts with 12 th -stage meiosis. The condition of the testicles of treated rats returned to normal 30 days after cessation of barium carbonate treatment (Tarasenko et al. 1977). Similar observations were noted in a second experiment in which male rats were exposed by inhalation for an intermediate period to 3.6 mg barium/m 3 as barium carbonate dust. In a third experiment by the same authors, female rats exposed by inhalation for an intermediate period to 2.2 or 9.4 mg barium/m 3 as barium carbonate dust reportedly developed a shortened estrous cycle and alterations in the morphological structure of the ovaries. 2.2.1.7 Genotoxic Effects No studies were located regarding genotoxic effects in humans or animals after inhalation exposure to barium. Genotoxicity studies are discussed in Section 2.4. 2.2.1.8 Cancer No studies were located regarding cancer in humans or animals after inhalation exposure to barium.
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Page 3: iii FOREWORD The Superfund Amendmen
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71 4. PRODUCTION, IMPORT, USE, AND
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73 5. POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN EXPOSURE
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105 8. REFERENCES ACGIH. 1982. TLVs
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107 8. REFERENCES *Boothe PN. James
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109 8. REFERENCES Clary JJ, Tardiff
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111 8. REFERENCES Douglas WW, Rubin
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113 8. REFERENCES *EPA. 1984. Healt
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115 8. REFERENCES *FSTRhC. 1988. Fe
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117 8. REFERENCES *Hem JD. 1959. St
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119 8. REFERENCES Kolpakov W. 1971.
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121 8. REFERENCES *McCauley PT, Dou
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123 8. REFERENCES NIOSH. 1987a. NIO
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125 8. REFERENCES *Pierce FD, Brown
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127 8. REFERENCES *Sax NI, Lewis RJ
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129 8. REFERENCES Simmonds RJ, Jame
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131 8. REFERENCES Syed IB, Hosain F
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133 8. REFERENCES Weiss G, ed. 1986
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136 9. GLOSSARY Immediately Dangero
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138 9. GLOSSARY Short-Term Exposure
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A-2 APPENDIX A three LSE tables and
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A-4 APPENDIX A (18). Estimated Uppe
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A-8 APPENDIX A MRL users should be
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