RELATIONS OF DOMINANCE AND EQUALITY IN D. H. LAWRENCE

RELATIONS OF DOMINANCE AND EQUALITY IN D. H. LAWRENCE RELATIONS OF DOMINANCE AND EQUALITY IN D. H. LAWRENCE

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elation to dominance and submission and this includes not only 'masculine' women who become feminine, like March, but 'feminine' men, like Kenry or the little, soft voiced Cipriano, who prove their masculinity. In the case of Cipriano, for example, he proves his 'masculinity' by killing people who do not agree with the Quetzalcoatl religion or in his sexual sadism with Kate. Also the pattern of X-shaped plots can be said to be the result of Lawrence's desire to 'remarry' his parents in fiction. This 'remarriage' represents the author's wish to redeem his father because he gives him the upper hand — the blood conscious male Who becomes 'superior' to the mind-conscious woman. Apart from this, Lawrence also attempts to create a new kind of relationship which may replace the man-to-woman relation. This new relation begins in Women in Love through the frustrated Blutbruderschaft between Gerald and Birkin and is fully developed in the period of the leadership novels. At first bloodbrotherhood is seen as additional to marriage but in Lawrence's leadership phase it becomes the alternative to marriage. The Plumed Serpent is where this relation seems more successful because Ramon and Cipriano are still together by the end of the novel in a clear reference to the author's predilection for the relation between men. The woman is seen as an intruder and she no longer is the most important partner for the man. However, this period in which the friendship between men replaces the relation between man and woman is still a period of conflict because bloodbrotherhood is something related to the darkness. In daylight these men are still married to women and this seems to imply that the author is not really convinced that man and man form the ideal pair. That seems why the author is divided in himself when he has to end his books. The open-endings of his

stories show his internal conflict in terms of the fierce battle between his feelings. conscious intention and his unconscious Feelings always contradict the author's intention. This is perhaps a clear sign of the author's artistic honesty and because of this the conflict of the characters is never fully solved. And although the author sometimes tries to press his thumb in the scale to favor his intentions, he does not achieve it because his feelings are stronger and, therefore, there is always ambiguity in the way he finishes his stories. As for the theme of 'star-polarity' or balance in the whole opus of the author, I believe that it does not exist. It is more a question of who in the relation has sufficient strength to fight off the partner who wants to dominate. The so-called union of body and soul could not be reconciled or united by Lawrence. He simply could not do it in any of his stories. Here, I repeat, perhaps.the most 'balanced' relation seems to be Birkin and Ursula's, but we know that Birkin is a chauvinist and Ursula may succumb at his feet, although she protests against this side of her lover's theory. In the whole opus there is not really a balanced 'marriage' between the two halves of the self. Daleski and Sagar, for instance, think that in The Rainbow and Women in Love, specifically, there is a successful presentation of balance between the couples. But there is not. Balance between the characters implies balance between conflicting impulses (male vs female, body vs soul) in the author. This is not really reconciled. In the novels of the leadership phase, the search for balance is replaced by the search for power, for dominance. It may be useful here to quote from Mark Schorer's essay "On 3 Lady Chatterley's Lover" where Schorer discusses the distinction 3 Modern British Fiction (New York, 1961).

stories show his internal conflict in terms of the fierce battle<br />

between his<br />

feelings.<br />

conscious intention and his unconscious<br />

Feelings always contradict the author's intention.<br />

This is perhaps a clear sign of the author's artistic honesty and<br />

because of this the conflict of the characters is never fully<br />

solved.<br />

And although the author sometimes tries to press his<br />

thumb in the scale to favor his intentions, he does not achieve<br />

it because his feelings are stronger and, therefore, there is<br />

always ambiguity in the way he finishes his stories.<br />

As for the theme of 'star-polarity' or balance in the whole<br />

opus of the author, I believe that it does not exist.<br />

It is more<br />

a question of who in the relation has sufficient strength to<br />

fight off the partner who wants to dominate.<br />

The so-called union<br />

of body and soul could not be reconciled or united by Lawrence.<br />

He simply could not do it in any of his stories.<br />

Here, I repeat,<br />

perhaps.the most 'balanced' relation seems to be Birkin and<br />

Ursula's, but we know that Birkin is a chauvinist and Ursula may<br />

succumb at his feet, although she protests against this side of<br />

her lover's theory.<br />

In the whole opus there is not really a<br />

balanced 'marriage' between the two halves of the self.<br />

Daleski<br />

and Sagar, for instance, think that in The Rainbow and Women in<br />

Love, specifically, there is a successful presentation of<br />

balance between the couples. But there is not. Balance between<br />

the characters implies balance between conflicting impulses<br />

(male vs female, body vs soul) in the author. This is not really<br />

reconciled.<br />

In the novels of the leadership phase, the search<br />

for balance is replaced by the search for power, for dominance.<br />

It may be useful here to quote from Mark Schorer's essay "On<br />

3<br />

Lady Chatterley's Lover" where Schorer discusses the distinction<br />

3 Modern British Fiction (New York, 1961).

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