Lynne Wong's PhD thesis
Lynne Wong's PhD thesis Lynne Wong's PhD thesis
Brix (refractometric) is the percentage by mass of soluble solid matter (sucrose and soluble non-sucrose) in solution as indicated by a sugar refractometer or as derived from the refractive index of a solution and reference to tables of equivalent percent sucrose and refractive indices. Brix-free water or “hydrated water” as referred to in South Africa, or “adsorption water” or “hygroscopic water” as in Australia, is defined as the water strongly adsorbed onto the cane fibre and, unavailable for dissolving the soluble components in sugar cane. It cannot be separated from the natural cane fibre by mechanical means, only at elevated temperatures, and it is assumed to be 25% on dry fibre. Cane crushing rate is the rate at which cane is crushed by the mills. Chemisorption is the chemical adsorption process in which the adsorbed molecules are attached by strong chemical bonding. Desorption – see adsorption. Dextran is a high molecular mass polysaccharide formed by the action of certain species of bacteria, mainly leuconostoc mesenteroides, on sucrose. Dry matter (in cane) is taken as the Brix and fibre in the cane. Equilibrium moisture content (EMC) is the moisture content attained when a hygroscopic material is kept in contact with air at constant temperature and humidity until equilibrium is reached. Extraction (pol) is the percentage of pol in cane which passes into mixed juice. Analogous definitions apply to sucrose extraction, Brix extraction and juice extraction. Extraneous matter in cane is all foreign matter (e.g. cane tops, dry and green leaves, soil, rocks, cane roots, etc) delivered with the cane. Some authors used the word “trash” as a collective term for all extraneous matter, or more frequently, as the dry leaves associated with cane stalks. In this study, the term “trash”, if used, will refer to the dry leaves associated with cane stalks. Fibre in cane is the dry water-insoluble component of cane. Natural fibre is that fibre with chemically bound (Brix-free) water present in its structure. Filter cake is the residue removed by filtration in the process of juice clarification. (xl)
Filterability of a raw sugar is measured by comparing the filtration rate of the sugar with that of a standard sucrose solution under specified conditions. It is expressed as a percentage of the filtration rate of the standard sugar. Imbibition is the process in which water or juice is applied to bagasse to enhance juice extraction at the mill tandem. Imbibition water is the water used in the imbibition process. Lime saccharate is obtained from a mixture of milk of lime and a sucrose solution in a certain proportion, and is used in cane juice clarification. Massecuite is the mixture of sugar crystals and mother liquor discharged from a vacuum pan. Massecuite are classified according to descending purity as A, B, etc or first, second, etc. Mill extraction is the percent mass of sucrose originally in the cane that has been extracted into the mixed juice. Mixed juice is the mixture of juices leaving the milling train or a cane diffuser for further processing. Molasses is the mother liquor of massecuite separated from the crystals by mechanical means. It is designated as for the massecuite from which it is extracted, e.g. A-molasses. Final molasses is molasses obtained from the final massecuite and from which no further sugar will be removed. Net isosteric heat of sorption (q st ), or the enthalpy of sorption is defined as the isosteric heat of sorption (Q st ) minus the heat of vaporisation of water at the system temperature. Non-pol is dry substance minus pol, and dry substance is the material remaining after drying a product to constant mass under such conditions that it does not suffer chemical change. Non-sucrose is analogous to non-pol, it is dry substance minus sucrose. Overall recovery is the percentage of the pol in cane that passes into sugar (see boiling house recovery). (xli)
- Page 1 and 2: THE BRIX-FREE WATER CAPACITY AND SO
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- Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am particularly
- Page 7 and 8: Page 1.5 THE DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF
- Page 9 and 10: Page 2.2 THE PHENOMENON OF BRIX-FRE
- Page 11 and 12: Page 3.4.3.3 Cane tops 83 3.4.4 Cha
- Page 13 and 14: 4.3.3 Temperature at which Brix-fre
- Page 15 and 16: 4.6.1 Materials 143 4.6.1.1 Samples
- Page 17 and 18: CHAPTER 6. PROPERTIES OF THE SORBED
- Page 19 and 20: APPENDIX 3. CALCULATIONS LEADING TO
- Page 21 and 22: LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1.1. Fi
- Page 23 and 24: Figure 3.1. Glucose and fructose an
- Page 25 and 26: Figure 5.11. Residual plots for the
- Page 27 and 28: total adsorbed water (m) and the pr
- Page 29 and 30: Table 2.18. Moisture content in sug
- Page 31 and 32: Page Table 4.4. Results of the dete
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- Page 37 and 38: Table 6.3. Heat of sorption of the
- Page 39: GLOSSARY OF TERMS Absorption is the
- Page 43 and 44: Sorption is the generic term used w
- Page 45 and 46: LIST OF MAIN SYMBOLS Symbol Descrip
- Page 47 and 48: s c s Slope of Caurie I isotherm pl
- Page 49 and 50: number of 255, and cane land covere
- Page 51 and 52: Nouvelle Mon In Trésor ustrie and
- Page 53 and 54: Figure 1.3. Cane sampling by core s
- Page 55 and 56: In Mauritius, most of the sugar fac
- Page 57 and 58: are: cane tops, dry and green leave
- Page 59 and 60: 1.4 TRENDS IN CANE QUALITY RECEIVED
- Page 61 and 62: campaign was launched to encourage
- Page 63 and 64: The level of extraneous matter in c
- Page 65 and 66: In Australia (Cargill, 1976), cane
- Page 67 and 68: The effect of soil on factory perfo
- Page 69 and 70: leaves increased the level of impur
- Page 71 and 72: • From 1976 to 1980, when the pro
- Page 73 and 74: Clerget purity of molasses 40 Clerg
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- Page 79 and 80: Figure 2.1. Jeffco cutter grinder.
- Page 81 and 82: 2.1.4 Results The analytical result
- Page 83 and 84: Table 2.3. Analytical results of re
- Page 85 and 86: Table 2.5. Composition of dry trash
- Page 87 and 88: Table 2.7. Predicted factory perfor
- Page 89 and 90: Boiling house recovery 91.0 89.8 89
Brix (refractometric) is the percentage by mass of soluble solid matter (sucrose and soluble<br />
non-sucrose) in solution as indicated by a sugar refractometer or as derived from the<br />
refractive index of a solution and reference to tables of equivalent percent sucrose<br />
and refractive indices.<br />
Brix-free water or “hydrated water” as referred to in South Africa, or “adsorption water” or<br />
“hygroscopic water” as in Australia, is defined as the water strongly adsorbed onto<br />
the cane fibre and, unavailable for dissolving the soluble components in sugar cane.<br />
It cannot be separated from the natural cane fibre by mechanical means, only at<br />
elevated temperatures, and it is assumed to be 25% on dry fibre.<br />
Cane crushing rate is the rate at which cane is crushed by the mills.<br />
Chemisorption is the chemical adsorption process in which the adsorbed molecules are<br />
attached by strong chemical bonding.<br />
Desorption – see adsorption.<br />
Dextran is a high molecular mass polysaccharide formed by the action of certain species of<br />
bacteria, mainly leuconostoc mesenteroides, on sucrose.<br />
Dry matter (in cane) is taken as the Brix and fibre in the cane.<br />
Equilibrium moisture content (EMC) is the moisture content attained when a hygroscopic<br />
material is kept in contact with air at constant temperature and humidity until<br />
equilibrium is reached.<br />
Extraction (pol) is the percentage of pol in cane which passes into mixed juice. Analogous<br />
definitions apply to sucrose extraction, Brix extraction and juice extraction.<br />
Extraneous matter in cane is all foreign matter (e.g. cane tops, dry and green leaves, soil,<br />
rocks, cane roots, etc) delivered with the cane. Some authors used the word “trash”<br />
as a collective term for all extraneous matter, or more frequently, as the dry leaves<br />
associated with cane stalks. In this study, the term “trash”, if used, will refer to the<br />
dry leaves associated with cane stalks.<br />
Fibre in cane is the dry water-insoluble component of cane. Natural fibre is that fibre with<br />
chemically bound (Brix-free) water present in its structure.<br />
Filter cake is the residue removed by filtration in the process of juice clarification.<br />
(xl)
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