Lynne Wong's PhD thesis
Lynne Wong's PhD thesis Lynne Wong's PhD thesis
10% sulfuric acid at 30 o C Mixture of triplicates R570 aged 52 weeks Table 5.7. Typical EMC results of nine sugar cane components at 30 °C under atmosphere of 10 and 20% sulfuric acid. Mass of empty bottle/g Mass of bottle + "dry" sample/g Mass of bottle + sample after equilibrium/g Mass of bottle + sample/g after drying at 105°C Residual moisture/% after vacuum oven drying Mass/g of dry sample (m 1) Mass of moisture/g gained at equilibrium (m 2) Equilibrium moisture content/% = 100m 2/m 1 1 Stalk fibre 92.8647 93.8976 94.0860 93.8779 2.73 1.0132 0.2081 20.54 2 Stalk pith 93.2474 94.2588 94.4947 94.2358 4.00 0.9884 0.2589 26.19 3 Rind fibre 91.6727 92.5348 92.6840 92.5172 4.66 0.8445 0.1668 19.75 4 Rind fines 93.5350 94.4518 94.6163 94.4360 3.12 0.9010 0.1803 20.01 5 Top 91.9143 92.7810 92.9717 92.7385 2.65 0.8242 0.2332 28.29 6 Dry leaves fibre 91.3431 92.3068 92.5004 92.2631 3.33 0.9200 0.2373 25.79 7 Dry leaves fines 91.9515 92.8675 93.0607 92.8495 3.78 0.8980 0.2112 23.52 8 Green leaves fibre 92.2999 93.2865 93.4892 93.2696 4.42 0.9697 0.2196 22.65 9 Green leaves fines 92.9738 93.9486 94.1517 93.9051 3.79 0.9313 0.2466 26.48 20% sulfuric acid at 30 o C Mixture of triplicates R570 aged 52 weeks Mass of empty bottle/g Mass of bottle + "dry" sample/g Mass of bottle + sample after equilibrium/g Mass of bottle + sample/g after drying at 105°C Residual moisture/% after vacuum oven drying Mass/g of dry sample (m 1) Mass of moisture/g gained at equilibrium (m 2) Equilibrium moisture content/% = 100m 2/m 1 1 Stalk fibre 90.0370 90.9952 91.1157 90.9784 2.94 0.9414 0.1373 14.58 2 Stalk pith 93.3375 94.3522 94.5116 94.3310 3.96 0.9935 0.1806 18.18 3 Rind fibre 90.4363 91.4232 91.5451 91.4077 3.43 0.9714 0.1374 14.14 4 Rind fines 96.4609 97.4557 97.5802 97.4392 2.70 0.9783 0.1410 14.41 5 Top 97.9062 98.8040 98.9341 98.7588 1.75 0.8526 0.1753 20.56 6 Dry leaves fibre 96.8486 97.8598 97.9987 97.8401 3.33 0.9915 0.1586 16.00 7 Dry leaves fines 90.0554 91.0211 91.1571 90.9997 3.41 0.9443 0.1574 16.67 8 Green leaves fibre 93.8058 94.7114 94.8389 94.6946 3.10 0.8888 0.1443 16.24 9 Green leaves fines 90.8766 91.8400 91.9772 91.8224 3.55 0.9458 0.1548 16.37 193
Table 5.8. Equilibrium moisture content (on a dry basis) of stalk fibre from R 570 aged 52 weeks and 36 weeks at various temperatures and water activities. 30 o C 45 o C 55 o C 60 o C Water water adsorbed Water water adsorbed Water water adsorbed Water water adsorbed m/m of 96% activity, a w (g/100g dry fibre) activity, a w (g/100g dry fibre) activity, a w (g/100g dry fibre) activity, a w (g/100g dry fibre) H 2SO 4 soln 52 weeks 36 weeks 52 weeks 36 weeks 52 weeks 36 weeks 52 weeks 36 weeks 5% 0.9808 23.60 24.29 0.9812 25.21 25.79 0.9816 26.26 26.79 0.9818 31.04 26.52 26.08 24.10 27.46 27.47 30.71 27.32 33.40 21.18 mean 24.84 24.20 26.34 26.63 28.49 27.06 32.22 23.85 10% 0.9746 20.54 25.63 0.9751 25.46 25.98 0.9760 30.66 27.94 0.9764 32.82 27.11 19.81 22.30 23.76 29.53 24.81 26.44 24.42 27.76 mean 20.18 23.97 24.61 27.76 27.74 27.19 28.62 27.44 20% 0.8814 15.26 16.03 0.8839 16.54 15.38 0.8868 16.02 16.04 0.8882 16.06 15.19 17.28 14.94 15.30 15.55 14.67 13.12 14.39 15.58 mean 16.27 15.49 15.92 15.47 15.35 14.58 15.23 15.39 30% 0.7549 13.79 12.41 0.7629 14.45 12.26 0.7684 12.66 10.32 0.7711 11.15 11.83 15.20 10.66 11.24 12.70 10.53 11.63 10.88 10.32 mean 14.50 11.54 12.85 12.48 11.60 10.98 11.02 11.08 40% 0.5711 9.65 8.21 0.5866 9.60 7.66 0.5948 7.76 8.18 0.5989 7.89 7.49 7.62 7.65 11.05 7.79 7.85 7.86 8.04 7.59 mean 8.64 7.93 10.33 7.73 7.81 8.02 7.97 7.54 50% 0.3574 5.40 4.69 0.3765 5.16 5.40 0.3879 5.33 5.55 0.3936 5.32 5.10 5.30 6.89 5.34 4.53 4.83 5.59 4.57 4.04 mean 5.35 5.79 5.25 4.97 5.08 5.57 4.95 4.57 60% 0.1677 4.93 4.15 0.1834 3.47 3.38 0.1937 3.35 3.56 0.1988 3.21 2.45 4.33 3.92 3.51 3.26 2.80 3.16 3.32 2.76 mean 4.63 4.04 3.49 3.32 3.08 3.36 3.27 2.61 194
- Page 195 and 196: A sample size of 3.5 g with 75 g co
- Page 197 and 198: Figure 4.4. Fibre samples drying in
- Page 199 and 200: - One large fibre sample (rind) of
- Page 201 and 202: Table 4.18. Brix-free water values/
- Page 203 and 204: Table 4.20. Brix-free water values/
- Page 205 and 206: 4.7.3 Statistical analysis It is es
- Page 207 and 208: Table 4.23. Analysis of variance (B
- Page 209 and 210: pointing out that at 52 weeks old,
- Page 211 and 212: The crop of R 570 sampled in 2001 w
- Page 213 and 214: 4.7.4. Estimated Brix-free water co
- Page 215 and 216: The main difference in the two sets
- Page 217 and 218: Table 4.27. Predicted Brix-free wat
- Page 219 and 220: 4.8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS An anal
- Page 221 and 222: component parts, and verify the Bri
- Page 223 and 224: 3) Thermodynamic, water in equilibr
- Page 225 and 226: Langmuir (1916, 1917, 1918) propose
- Page 227 and 228: to determine the moisture sorption
- Page 229 and 230: Table 5.1. Some commonly used isoth
- Page 231 and 232: Lomauro et al. (1985) found that wi
- Page 233 and 234: and on agricultural products such a
- Page 235 and 236: Bruijn (1963) studied the mass incr
- Page 237 and 238: After measuring the EMC of dry corn
- Page 239 and 240: approached, that is, either by adso
- Page 241 and 242: Table 5.4. Water activity (a w ) of
- Page 243 and 244: 5.6.3 Procedure to determine equili
- Page 245: 5.6.4 Results and discussion An exa
- Page 249 and 250: Table 5.10. Equilibrium moisture co
- Page 251 and 252: Table 5.12. Equilibrium moisture co
- Page 253 and 254: 30 o C 45 o C 55 o C 60 o C Water w
- Page 255 and 256: m/m of 96% activity, a w (g/100g dr
- Page 257 and 258: vaporisation generally decreases fr
- Page 259 and 260: 30 o C isotherm 45 o C isotherm 55
- Page 261 and 262: 4 0 Stalk fibre 5 0 Stalk pith 5 0
- Page 263 and 264: 5.6.4.4 Fitting of sorption models
- Page 265 and 266: Table 5.19. Parameters of the sorpt
- Page 267 and 268: Table 5.21. Parameters of the sorpt
- Page 269 and 270: Table 5.23. Parameters of the sorpt
- Page 271 and 272: Table 5.25. Parameters of the sorpt
- Page 273 and 274: Table 5.27. Parameters of the sorpt
- Page 275 and 276: Modified GAB Kuhn Iglesias - Chirif
- Page 277 and 278: Table 5.28. Classification of resid
- Page 279 and 280: Stalk fibre Stalk pith Rind fibre 4
- Page 281 and 282: 5.6.4.5 Calculated EMC values of re
- Page 283 and 284: Table 5.30. Calculated equilibrium
- Page 285 and 286: m/m of 96% Table 5.32. Calculated e
- Page 287 and 288: Table 5.33. Parameters of the Hailw
- Page 289 and 290: CHAPTER 6. PROPERTIES OF THE SORBED
- Page 291 and 292: where m is the equilibrium moisture
- Page 293 and 294: Stalk fibre Stalk pith Rind fibre 8
- Page 295 and 296: Stalk fibre Stalk pith Rind fibre 4
10% sulfuric acid at 30 o C<br />
Mixture of triplicates<br />
R570 aged 52 weeks<br />
Table 5.7. Typical EMC results of nine sugar cane components at 30 °C under atmosphere of 10 and 20% sulfuric acid.<br />
Mass of empty<br />
bottle/g<br />
Mass of bottle +<br />
"dry" sample/g<br />
Mass of bottle +<br />
sample after<br />
equilibrium/g<br />
Mass of bottle +<br />
sample/g after<br />
drying at 105°C<br />
Residual moisture/%<br />
after vacuum<br />
oven drying<br />
Mass/g of dry<br />
sample (m 1)<br />
Mass of moisture/g<br />
gained at<br />
equilibrium (m 2)<br />
Equilibrium moisture<br />
content/% = 100m 2/m 1<br />
1 Stalk fibre 92.8647 93.8976 94.0860 93.8779 2.73 1.0132 0.2081 20.54<br />
2 Stalk pith 93.2474 94.2588 94.4947 94.2358 4.00 0.9884 0.2589 26.19<br />
3 Rind fibre 91.6727 92.5348 92.6840 92.5172 4.66 0.8445 0.1668 19.75<br />
4 Rind fines 93.5350 94.4518 94.6163 94.4360 3.12 0.9010 0.1803 20.01<br />
5 Top 91.9143 92.7810 92.9717 92.7385 2.65 0.8242 0.2332 28.29<br />
6 Dry leaves fibre 91.3431 92.3068 92.5004 92.2631 3.33 0.9200 0.2373 25.79<br />
7 Dry leaves fines 91.9515 92.8675 93.0607 92.8495 3.78 0.8980 0.2112 23.52<br />
8 Green leaves fibre 92.2999 93.2865 93.4892 93.2696 4.42 0.9697 0.2196 22.65<br />
9 Green leaves fines 92.9738 93.9486 94.1517 93.9051 3.79 0.9313 0.2466 26.48<br />
20% sulfuric acid at 30 o C<br />
Mixture of triplicates<br />
R570 aged 52 weeks<br />
Mass of empty<br />
bottle/g<br />
Mass of bottle +<br />
"dry" sample/g<br />
Mass of bottle +<br />
sample after<br />
equilibrium/g<br />
Mass of bottle +<br />
sample/g after<br />
drying at 105°C<br />
Residual moisture/%<br />
after vacuum<br />
oven drying<br />
Mass/g of dry<br />
sample (m 1)<br />
Mass of moisture/g<br />
gained at<br />
equilibrium (m 2)<br />
Equilibrium moisture<br />
content/% = 100m 2/m 1<br />
1 Stalk fibre 90.0370 90.9952 91.1157 90.9784 2.94 0.9414 0.1373 14.58<br />
2 Stalk pith 93.3375 94.3522 94.5116 94.3310 3.96 0.9935 0.1806 18.18<br />
3 Rind fibre 90.4363 91.4232 91.5451 91.4077 3.43 0.9714 0.1374 14.14<br />
4 Rind fines 96.4609 97.4557 97.5802 97.4392 2.70 0.9783 0.1410 14.41<br />
5 Top 97.9062 98.8040 98.9341 98.7588 1.75 0.8526 0.1753 20.56<br />
6 Dry leaves fibre 96.8486 97.8598 97.9987 97.8401 3.33 0.9915 0.1586 16.00<br />
7 Dry leaves fines 90.0554 91.0211 91.1571 90.9997 3.41 0.9443 0.1574 16.67<br />
8 Green leaves fibre 93.8058 94.7114 94.8389 94.6946 3.10 0.8888 0.1443 16.24<br />
9 Green leaves fines 90.8766 91.8400 91.9772 91.8224 3.55 0.9458 0.1548 16.37<br />
193
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