Lynne Wong's PhD thesis
Lynne Wong's PhD thesis Lynne Wong's PhD thesis
The analytical results shown in Tables 4.17-4.21 were analysed statistically by making use of GENSTAT for Windows (Version 8.0). The objective of this analysis was to determine the effect of replication in the field, cane variety, size of cane component (fibre or fines/pith), age, replication of their interactions, cane component parts and location of crop growth, on the Brix-free water content. The results of the analyses of variance are shown in Table 4.23. Statistical significance refers to P < 0.05(*), P < 0.01 (**) and P < 0.001 (***) levels. 4.7.3.2 Replication The three replicates in the field did not differ significantly in the Brix-free water content of dry leaf fibre and fines, green leaf fibre and fines, top fibre and rind fibre and fines, whereas in the case of stalk fibre and pith, the difference was highly significant (P < 0.001). This is because the Brix-free water values of pith in certain replicates of all cane varieties at 52 weeks were high, notably the 3 rd replicate of R 579, the 1 st replicate of R 570, the 2 nd replicate of M 1557/70 and the 1 st replicate of M 1400/86. These replicates were in a flowering state and had probably developed pithiness which led to higher Brixfree water values. 4.7.3.3 Cane variety When the fibre and fines of each component part as well as all the three ages were considered together, there was a highly significant main effect of cane variety (P < 0.001) for all component parts except stalk indicating that the Brix-free water in dry leaf is different in the four cane varieties, similarly for green leaf, top and rind. However in stalk, when the combined effect of fibre and pith and the three ages were considered, the four cane varieties were not different. 4.7.3.4 Size: fibre or fines When all the four cane varieties and all the three ages were considered together, there was a highly significant (P < 0.001) main effect of size (whether fibre or fines) on the Brix-free water values in all components examined. The fines of a cane component part generally have about a unit higher Brix-free water value than the corresponding fibres except in stalk where the difference is much larger.
Table 4.23. Analysis of variance (Brix-free water of five component fibres, four varieties and three ages). Variate: BFW (dry leaf) Source of variation d.f. s.s. m.s. v.r. F pr. Rep stratum 2 4.871 2.435 2.14 NS Variety 3 21.015 7.005 6.15 * * * Age 2 6.968 3.484 3.06 * Size 1 28.676 28.676 25.17 * * * Variety.Age 6 33.859 5.643 4.95 * * * Variety.Size 3 8.215 2.738 2.4 NS Age.Size 2 2.604 1.302 1.14 NS Variety.Age.Size 6 18.047 3.008 2.64 * Residual 118 134.458 1.139 Total 143 258.713 Variate: BFW (green leaf) Source of variation d.f. s.s. m.s. v.r. F pr. Rep stratum 2 1.0407 0.5203 0.53 NS Variety 3 63.9123 21.3041 21.5 * * * Age 2 11.1698 5.5849 5.64 * * Size 1 52.1043 52.1043 52.57 * * * Variety.Age 6 53.3321 8.8887 8.97 * * * Variety.Size 3 21.6693 7.2231 7.29 * * * Age.Size 2 3.2411 1.6205 1.64 NS Variety.Age.Size 6 34.8555 5.8093 5.86 * * * Residual 118 116.9474 0.9911 Total 143 358.2726 Variate: BFW (top) Source of variation d.f. s.s. m.s. v.r. F pr. Rep stratum 2 2.6806 1.3403 1.44 NS Variety 3 34.2414 11.4138 12.23 * * * Age 2 23.5971 11.7985 12.64 * * * Variety.Age 6 7.2579 1.2097 1.3 NS Residual 58 54.1214 0.9331 Total 71 121.8983 Variate: BFW (rind) Source of variation d.f. s.s. m.s. v.r. F pr. Rep stratum 2 0.212 0.106 0.09 NS Variety 3 102.602 34.201 27.76 * * * Age 2 46.892 23.446 19.03 * * * Size 1 98.903 98.903 80.27 * * * Variety.Age 6 67.59 11.265 9.14 * * * Variety.Size 3 43.531 14.51 11.78 * * * Age.Size 2 36.73 18.365 14.91 * * * Variety.Age.Size 6 14.66 2.443 1.98 NS Residual 118 145.387 1.232 Total 143 556.505 Variate: BFW (stalk) Source of variation d.f. s.s. m.s. v.r. F pr. Rep stratum 2 23.368 11.684 7.92 * * * Variety 3 10.488 3.496 2.37 NS Age 2 102.388 51.194 34.72 * * * Size 1 1905.104 1905.104 1292.17 * * * Variety.Age 6 16.044 2.674 1.81 NS Variety.Size 3 97.102 32.367 21.95 * * * Age.Size 2 235.477 117.739 79.86 * * * Variety.Age.Size 6 38.068 6.345 4.3 * * * Residual 118 173.973 1.474 Total 143 2602.012 NS Not significant * P < 0.05 ** P < 0.01 *** P < 0.001
- Page 155 and 156: from Figure 2.9 that the change in
- Page 157 and 158: Table 3.18. Fibre % cane results by
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- Page 163 and 164: dry fibre, or a factor, is used in
- Page 165 and 166: Steuerwald (1912) applied sucrose s
- Page 167 and 168: solution/fibre ratio was lowered fr
- Page 169 and 170: leave some residual moisture on the
- Page 171 and 172: instead of 150 g of 10° Brix sucro
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- Page 179 and 180: In order to test for homogeneity of
- Page 181 and 182: Table 4.7. Results of the repeat de
- Page 183 and 184: The experiment was repeated with th
- Page 185 and 186: e any residual moisture in the samp
- Page 187 and 188: By means of the same technique, Won
- Page 189 and 190: was still hot. Since the filter was
- Page 191 and 192: value determined could be corrected
- Page 193 and 194: Qin and White’s finding was confi
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- Page 197 and 198: Figure 4.4. Fibre samples drying in
- Page 199 and 200: - One large fibre sample (rind) of
- Page 201 and 202: Table 4.18. Brix-free water values/
- Page 203 and 204: Table 4.20. Brix-free water values/
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- Page 209 and 210: pointing out that at 52 weeks old,
- Page 211 and 212: The crop of R 570 sampled in 2001 w
- Page 213 and 214: 4.7.4. Estimated Brix-free water co
- Page 215 and 216: The main difference in the two sets
- Page 217 and 218: Table 4.27. Predicted Brix-free wat
- Page 219 and 220: 4.8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS An anal
- Page 221 and 222: component parts, and verify the Bri
- Page 223 and 224: 3) Thermodynamic, water in equilibr
- Page 225 and 226: Langmuir (1916, 1917, 1918) propose
- Page 227 and 228: to determine the moisture sorption
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- Page 231 and 232: Lomauro et al. (1985) found that wi
- Page 233 and 234: and on agricultural products such a
- Page 235 and 236: Bruijn (1963) studied the mass incr
- Page 237 and 238: After measuring the EMC of dry corn
- Page 239 and 240: approached, that is, either by adso
- Page 241 and 242: Table 5.4. Water activity (a w ) of
- Page 243 and 244: 5.6.3 Procedure to determine equili
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- Page 251 and 252: Table 5.12. Equilibrium moisture co
- Page 253 and 254: 30 o C 45 o C 55 o C 60 o C Water w
- Page 255 and 256: m/m of 96% activity, a w (g/100g dr
Table 4.23. Analysis of variance (Brix-free water of five component<br />
fibres, four varieties and three ages).<br />
Variate: BFW (dry leaf)<br />
Source of variation d.f. s.s. m.s. v.r. F pr.<br />
Rep stratum 2 4.871 2.435 2.14 NS<br />
Variety 3 21.015 7.005 6.15 * * *<br />
Age 2 6.968 3.484 3.06 *<br />
Size 1 28.676 28.676 25.17 * * *<br />
Variety.Age 6 33.859 5.643 4.95 * * *<br />
Variety.Size 3 8.215 2.738 2.4 NS<br />
Age.Size 2 2.604 1.302 1.14 NS<br />
Variety.Age.Size 6 18.047 3.008 2.64 *<br />
Residual 118 134.458 1.139<br />
Total 143 258.713<br />
Variate: BFW (green leaf)<br />
Source of variation d.f. s.s. m.s. v.r. F pr.<br />
Rep stratum 2 1.0407 0.5203 0.53 NS<br />
Variety 3 63.9123 21.3041 21.5 * * *<br />
Age 2 11.1698 5.5849 5.64 * *<br />
Size 1 52.1043 52.1043 52.57 * * *<br />
Variety.Age 6 53.3321 8.8887 8.97 * * *<br />
Variety.Size 3 21.6693 7.2231 7.29 * * *<br />
Age.Size 2 3.2411 1.6205 1.64 NS<br />
Variety.Age.Size 6 34.8555 5.8093 5.86 * * *<br />
Residual 118 116.9474 0.9911<br />
Total 143 358.2726<br />
Variate: BFW (top)<br />
Source of variation d.f. s.s. m.s. v.r. F pr.<br />
Rep stratum 2 2.6806 1.3403 1.44 NS<br />
Variety 3 34.2414 11.4138 12.23 * * *<br />
Age 2 23.5971 11.7985 12.64 * * *<br />
Variety.Age 6 7.2579 1.2097 1.3 NS<br />
Residual 58 54.1214 0.9331<br />
Total 71 121.8983<br />
Variate: BFW (rind)<br />
Source of variation d.f. s.s. m.s. v.r. F pr.<br />
Rep stratum 2 0.212 0.106 0.09 NS<br />
Variety 3 102.602 34.201 27.76 * * *<br />
Age 2 46.892 23.446 19.03 * * *<br />
Size 1 98.903 98.903 80.27 * * *<br />
Variety.Age 6 67.59 11.265 9.14 * * *<br />
Variety.Size 3 43.531 14.51 11.78 * * *<br />
Age.Size 2 36.73 18.365 14.91 * * *<br />
Variety.Age.Size 6 14.66 2.443 1.98 NS<br />
Residual 118 145.387 1.232<br />
Total 143 556.505<br />
Variate: BFW (stalk)<br />
Source of variation d.f. s.s. m.s. v.r. F pr.<br />
Rep stratum 2 23.368 11.684 7.92 * * *<br />
Variety 3 10.488 3.496 2.37 NS<br />
Age 2 102.388 51.194 34.72 * * *<br />
Size 1 1905.104 1905.104 1292.17 * * *<br />
Variety.Age 6 16.044 2.674 1.81 NS<br />
Variety.Size 3 97.102 32.367 21.95 * * *<br />
Age.Size 2 235.477 117.739 79.86 * * *<br />
Variety.Age.Size 6 38.068 6.345 4.3 * * *<br />
Residual 118 173.973 1.474<br />
Total 143 2602.012<br />
NS Not significant<br />
* P < 0.05<br />
** P < 0.01<br />
*** P < 0.001
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