Lynne Wong's PhD thesis
Lynne Wong's PhD thesis Lynne Wong's PhD thesis
ased on the manner in which the Brix-free water determination is performed on the sample (Mangion and Player, 1991). This is done by adding 150 mL of a 10° Brix sucrose solution to 8 g of dry sample (here the moist cake is assumed to contain 50% moisture and hence double this mass is used in the calculation), and measuring the increase of Brix in the resulting solution. The washing was repeated on the remainder of the sample until all was free from residual Brix. To separate pith from the fibre, the cakes from the Pinette Emidecau press were soaked in a bucket of water. A sieve assembly was mounted with a 2 mm, 1.18 mm and 38 μm sieve in order on top of each other. A handful of fibre and pith mixture was put onto the top sieve, and running tap water was used to wash the pith into the bottom sieve. Separation of pith from the fibre in the sample was thus effected. The separated fibre was hand pressed and placed in a metal tray for drying in an oven at 65 °C to constant mass. The separated pith was also dried in the same way. The dried fibre samples sometimes still contained some pith, and dry sieving by using a 1.18 mm sieve mounted on top of a receiver was used to ensure complete separation. 3.4.3.2 Rind, dry leaves and green leaves These samples were treated as for the cane stalk. Pre-treatment in a Jeffco cutter-grinder was necessary, the sample mass and the time of disintegration are indicated in Table 3.4. Table 3.4. Preparatory treatment process for fibre extraction from sugar cane plant components. Sample Cutter-grinder Mass used in the Jeffco wet disintegrator/g Disintegration time/s Top Stalk Rind Dry leaves Green leaves - 400 500 300 100 300 60 30 75 60 30 3.4.3.3 Cane tops After the cane tops were detached from the stalks at the point where they naturally broke off the stalks, they were cut into 10 cm lengths and into thin strips lengthwise; in so doing, 83
pre-treatment in a Jeffco cutter-grinder was not necessary. The top sample was then treated as for the cane stalk; the sample mass and the time of disintegration required are indicated in Table 3.4. The three replicates (four stalks each) of the four varieties aged 44 weeks were treated in the same manner the following week, and those aged 36 weeks the week thereafter. Some relevant fibre extraction processes from the sugar cane plant are illustrated in Figs 3.9 – Fig 3.21. Figure 3.9. Removal of cane nodes. Figure 3.10. Removal of green leaves. Figure 3.11. Green leaf sample before and after cutter-grinding. Figure 3.12. Washing of green leaf sample after cutter-grinding and retting. 84
- Page 81 and 82: 2.1.4 Results The analytical result
- Page 83 and 84: Table 2.3. Analytical results of re
- Page 85 and 86: Table 2.5. Composition of dry trash
- Page 87 and 88: Table 2.7. Predicted factory perfor
- Page 89 and 90: Boiling house recovery 91.0 89.8 89
- Page 91 and 92: 0 5 10 15 20 % EM in cane y = 0.572
- Page 93 and 94: % EM in cane 0 5 10 15 20 0 -2 -4 -
- Page 95 and 96: 1 y = 0.020 (% D) R 2 = 1.00 = 0.03
- Page 97 and 98: % EM in cane 0 5 10 15 20 0 -2 y =
- Page 99 and 100: esulting in 0.015 unit sucrose loss
- Page 101 and 102: 2.2.1 Experimental procedure Cane m
- Page 103 and 104: filter paper, rejecting the first f
- Page 105 and 106: Table 2.9. Effect of increased addi
- Page 107 and 108: Table 2.11. Effect of increased add
- Page 109 and 110: Table 2.13. Effect of increased add
- Page 111 and 112: various components such as stalk fi
- Page 113 and 114: in the presence of dry leaves, if c
- Page 115 and 116: Table 2.17. Moisture content in sug
- Page 117 and 118: CHAPTER 3. SEPARATION OF THE SUGAR
- Page 119 and 120: Table 3.1. It can be seen that the
- Page 121 and 122: Table 3.2. Fibrous physical composi
- Page 123 and 124: R 579 R 570 M 1557/70 M 1400/86 74
- Page 125 and 126: loosen the fibre. The woody core is
- Page 127 and 128: agitate the mixture in the pot, and
- Page 129 and 130: Figure 3.7. Custom-built fibre-pith
- Page 131: The extraction of fibres starting f
- Page 135 and 136: Figure 3.19. Stalk cake washed free
- Page 137 and 138: not have many dry leaves attached t
- Page 139 and 140: Table 3.5. Masses of cane samples a
- Page 141 and 142: Table 3.7. Masses of cane samples a
- Page 143 and 144: Table 3.9. Masses of cane component
- Page 145 and 146: 3 57.6 126.3 23.7 97.2 31.1 53.8 11
- Page 147 and 148: Table 3.12. Material loss (%) from
- Page 149 and 150: 3.5.3 Fibre/pith ratios in cane com
- Page 151 and 152: Table 3.15. Effect of extraneous ma
- Page 153 and 154: Snow (1974) investigated the season
- Page 155 and 156: from Figure 2.9 that the change in
- Page 157 and 158: Table 3.18. Fibre % cane results by
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- Page 161 and 162: (a). Dry leaf (b). Green leaf (c).
- Page 163 and 164: dry fibre, or a factor, is used in
- Page 165 and 166: Steuerwald (1912) applied sucrose s
- Page 167 and 168: solution/fibre ratio was lowered fr
- Page 169 and 170: leave some residual moisture on the
- Page 171 and 172: instead of 150 g of 10° Brix sucro
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- Page 179 and 180: In order to test for homogeneity of
- Page 181 and 182: Table 4.7. Results of the repeat de
pre-treatment in a Jeffco cutter-grinder was not necessary. The top sample was then<br />
treated as for the cane stalk; the sample mass and the time of disintegration required are<br />
indicated in Table 3.4.<br />
The three replicates (four stalks each) of the four varieties aged 44 weeks were treated in<br />
the same manner the following week, and those aged 36 weeks the week thereafter.<br />
Some relevant fibre extraction processes from the sugar cane plant are illustrated in<br />
Figs 3.9 – Fig 3.21.<br />
Figure 3.9. Removal of cane nodes.<br />
Figure 3.10. Removal of green leaves.<br />
Figure 3.11. Green leaf sample before and after<br />
cutter-grinding.<br />
Figure 3.12. Washing of green leaf sample<br />
after cutter-grinding and retting.<br />
84
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