Lynne Wong's PhD thesis
Lynne Wong's PhD thesis Lynne Wong's PhD thesis
2.2.2.5 Estimation of EM in cane using sucrose ratio in dirty cane relative to clean cane Larrahondo et al. (1998) derived an equation to predict the trash level in cane by assuming that sucrose in EM was negligible. ⎛ Thus, % EM in cane = 1 sucrosein dirtycane 100 sucrosein cleancane ⎟ ⎞ ⎜ − ⎝ ⎠ If pol instead of sucrose % cane data from Tables 2.9 – 2.12 are substituted in the above equation, calculated EM values can be obtained as shown in Table 2.14. When they were compared with known added EM contents, the equation appeared to apply well to green and wetted dry leaves, but at high levels of dry and extra dry leaves, the theoretical values tended to be underestimated. 2.2.2.6 Brix-free water determination in dry leaves The results of the Brix-free water determination by Mangion and Player’s (1991) method in dry leaves of the four main cane varieties cultivated in Mauritius are summarised in Table 2.15. Only M 695/69 had a low Brix-free water of 25.6% while the other three varieties averaged 28.3% Brix-free water. This is in agreement with the data obtained in Trial II (Table 2.10), carried out during the rainy season, when the trash was not quite dry, and averaged a moisture content of 29.8%. In this trial, the phenomenon of Brix-free water was not observed to be operating, as evidenced by the lower Clerget sucrose % press juice (14.29%) due to the addition of 5% dry trash than that in the control sample (14.46%). The same applies to the 10% and 20% addition of dry trash. This is also true for the values of pol % press juice. The indication would be that the Brix-free water of the dry leaves in this case was below 29.8%. This method of determining Brix-free water, gave reproducible results for dry leaves, but when tried on bagasse samples, the results were not reproducible. According to Qin and White’s (1991) finding, there are significant differences in the Brix-free water values of rind, stalk fibre and stalk pith fractions in bagasse sample, which explains why the Brixfree water value of bagasse is variable. This is probably because in each sample of bagasse tested there were varying proportions of fibre, pith, rind and trash, each with their own Brix-free water contents. It would therefore be of interest to separate sugar cane into its 63
various components such as stalk fibre, pith, rind fibre, top fibre, dry leaf fibre and green leaf fibre, and determine their Brix-free water content. Table 2.14. Comparison of actual and calculated EM % cane as obtained from the formula of Larrahondo et al. (1998). Extraneous matter actually added 5% green leaf 10% 20% 5% dry leaf 10% 20% 5% dry leaf (wetted) 10% 20% 5% dry leaf (oven-dried) 10% 20% ⎛ pol % dirty cane ⎞ t = ⎜ 1- ⎟ × ⎝ pol % clean cane ⎠ Theoretical EM % cane (t) as calculated from 100 using experimentaldata from Tables 2.9 - 2.12 Trial I Trial II Trial III Trial IV Mean 5.3 4.5 4.1 4.6 4.6 11.9 8.7 8.3 9.2 9.5 21.4 19.8 19.2 16.2 19.2 6.6 7.3 13.6 - - - - - - 5.1 6.7 16.2 5.1 10.0 18.7 - - - 6.1 12.0 19.7 5.5 10.5 19.5 4.6 9.1 17.2 - - - - - - - - - 5.9 8.7 16.5 5.3 10.3 19.1 4.6 9.1 17.2 Table 2.15. Brix-free water content of dry leaf from the four main cane varieties cultivated in Mauritius. Cane variety Brix-free water of dry leaf/% dry fibre Average M 695/69 25.0 26.3 25.6 M 3035/66 28.9 28.0 28.5 R 570 28.2 29.2 28.7 M 1658/78 27.9 27.8 27.8 2.2.3 Survey of moisture content in dry trash The cane payment system in Mauritius has been described in details by Anon. (1991). Essentially, cane is purchased on its quality, assessed by analysing its press juice. Therefore, if the cane is supplied with dry trash which has low moisture content below its Brix-free water content, the press juice analysed will have inflated results, which will certainly have an impact on the payment of cane. A survey was carried out in 2003 in four sugar factories to determine the moisture content in dry trash received with the cane supply. About 50 g of the dry trash were put in a 64
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- Page 97 and 98: % EM in cane 0 5 10 15 20 0 -2 y =
- Page 99 and 100: esulting in 0.015 unit sucrose loss
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- Page 123 and 124: R 579 R 570 M 1557/70 M 1400/86 74
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various components such as stalk fibre, pith, rind fibre, top fibre, dry leaf fibre and green<br />
leaf fibre, and determine their Brix-free water content.<br />
Table 2.14. Comparison of actual and calculated EM % cane as obtained<br />
from the formula of Larrahondo et al. (1998).<br />
Extraneous matter<br />
actually added<br />
5% green leaf<br />
10%<br />
20%<br />
5% dry leaf<br />
10%<br />
20%<br />
5% dry leaf (wetted)<br />
10%<br />
20%<br />
5% dry leaf (oven-dried)<br />
10%<br />
20%<br />
⎛ pol % dirty cane ⎞<br />
t = ⎜ 1-<br />
⎟ ×<br />
⎝ pol % clean cane ⎠<br />
Theoretical EM % cane (t) as calculated from<br />
100 using experimentaldata from Tables 2.9 - 2.12<br />
Trial I Trial II Trial III Trial IV Mean<br />
5.3 4.5 4.1 4.6<br />
4.6<br />
11.9 8.7 8.3 9.2<br />
9.5<br />
21.4 19.8 19.2 16.2<br />
19.2<br />
6.6<br />
7.3<br />
13.6<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
5.1<br />
6.7<br />
16.2<br />
5.1<br />
10.0<br />
18.7<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
6.1<br />
12.0<br />
19.7<br />
5.5<br />
10.5<br />
19.5<br />
4.6<br />
9.1<br />
17.2<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
-<br />
5.9<br />
8.7<br />
16.5<br />
5.3<br />
10.3<br />
19.1<br />
4.6<br />
9.1<br />
17.2<br />
Table 2.15. Brix-free water content of dry leaf from the four main cane<br />
varieties cultivated in Mauritius.<br />
Cane variety Brix-free water of dry leaf/% dry fibre Average<br />
M 695/69 25.0 26.3 25.6<br />
M 3035/66 28.9 28.0 28.5<br />
R 570 28.2 29.2 28.7<br />
M 1658/78 27.9 27.8 27.8<br />
2.2.3 Survey of moisture content in dry trash<br />
The cane payment system in Mauritius has been described in details by Anon. (1991).<br />
Essentially, cane is purchased on its quality, assessed by analysing its press juice.<br />
Therefore, if the cane is supplied with dry trash which has low moisture content below its<br />
Brix-free water content, the press juice analysed will have inflated results, which will<br />
certainly have an impact on the payment of cane.<br />
A survey was carried out in 2003 in four sugar factories to determine the moisture content<br />
in dry trash received with the cane supply. About 50 g of the dry trash were put in a<br />
64