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BGS Technical Report WA/97/03 15 December 1997
infilled, partly with power station fly ash and partly with construction and domestic waste.
7.1.3 Landscaped Ground
The Landscaped Ground symbol has been used for areas where the original land surface has
been extensively re-modelled by earth-moving and tipping, but where it is impractical or
impossible to delineate individual deposits of made-up ground or backfill. Made Ground is
usually extensive in such areas and substantial thicknesses may be present locally. It normally
consists of topsoil, subsoil and rubble but commonly includes material brought in from
elsewhere, including waste and mining spoil. Landscaping is ubiquitous in urban areas and
should be expected where urban development is shown on the topographical base map.
7.2 Mineral Resources
7.2.1 Brick Clay and Mar1
The silty mudstones of the Gunthorpe and Edwalton formations of the Mercia Mudstone Group
were formerly dug for marl from small pits dotted across the outcrop. These are typically
between 30 and 100 m across and are indicated on the map mostly by the worked out symbol.
They are particularly numerous in the Edwalton Formation on the north side of the hill between
Etwall and Burnaston.
The interbedded red and green mudstones and siltstones of the Gunthorpe Formation were dug
from below the Etwall Sand and Gravel at a borrow pit [257 3151 near Hilton Lodge during
construction of the Etwall Bypass.
7.2.2 Sand and gravel
The Etwall Sand and Gravel and the Egginton Sand and Gravel have been extensively worked
in the past for sand and gravel aggregate. These relatively high level terrace deposits could be
worked above the water table.
Eagle Moor Sand and Gravel
This sandy deposit was possibly worked from a small pit E274 3211 to the east of Etwall.
Etwall Sand and Gravel
This deposit was worked extensively north of Hilton E252 3 141, initially by the Hilton Sand and
Gravel Co. and later by Blue Circle. These pits, said to have been started c. 1924, were still active
in the 1940s. They are now either infilled or restored as a nature reserve. A completely filled pit
E253 3 121, worked by BCA, now underlies the new road interchange. The deposit was relatively
recently dug from a pit [257 3 151 situated north-west of Hilton Lodge during the construction
of the Etwall Bypass. A small degraded nineteenth century pit [273 3091 occurs to the south-east
of Etwall. A minor degraded pit E2817 31041 that was also extended downwards for marl is
situated to the south of New Close Farm.
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