“Fighting the Battle Against Impaired Driving” - State of Michigan

“Fighting the Battle Against Impaired 

Driving” 

MI Office of Highway Safety Planning 

March 12, 2008 

Ernie Floegel, IACP 

Officer Jeramey Peters, Auburn Hills PD

Drugged Driving? 

Is it a problem? 

Who’s doing it? 

How do we prevent it?

New Data – Washington State 

2003 – Study by Dr. Barry Logan 

revealed that 44 percent of drivers killed 

in crashes in Washington tested 

positive for alcohol. 

Of those, 38 percent were also positive 

for psychoactive drugs and 30 percent 

of the drivers who were alcohol free, 

were positive for drugs. (WA DRE Newsletter, 2004)

Hand-Sanitizers 

• 62 % Alcohol 

• Licking 

• Rubbing on Gums 

• Poisonous

Huffing 

• North Little Rock, AR 

• 16 Year Old Female 

• Unconscious / Ambulance 

• Vapor Heavier Then Air – Displaces 

Oxygen 

• Knowledge Came From PO /

Zamboni 

• Newark, NJ 

• 0.12 % 

• Beer, Vodka, Sambuca & Valium

Horseback 

• Sylvania, Alabama 

• Midnight / City Street 

• 40 Year Old Female 

• Under the Influence of a Controlled 

Substance, Drug Possession, etc. etc. 

• Crystal Meth, Marijuana

“Cheese”: The New Face of 

Heroin 

+ = 

Black Tar Heroin 

Tylenol PM or generic 

“Cheese”

What is “Cheese”? 

Black tar heroin combined with crushed Tylenol 

PM tablets 

Highly Addictive and very dangerous 

Tan-colored powder usually snorted through the 

nose with a tube, straw, or small ballpoint pen 

Packaged in a small paper bindle or zip lock 

baggie 

Can be bought for as little as $2 

Popular among Hispanic juveniles, both male and 

female 

Has been identified in more than a dozen Dallas 

ISD secondary and surrounding suburbs

Symptoms of Use 

Drowsiness and Lethargy 

Euphoria 

Excessive Thirst 

Disorientation 

Sleepiness and Hunger 

Sudden change in grades & friends

References 

Information for this presentation obtained from: 

• Dallas ISD Police and Safe and Drug-Free 

Schools/Abstinence Education Programs, 

February 2007 

• TEA Region X Conference Presentation by 

Jeremy Liebbe, CPES, DISD Police Department

The Drugged Driving Problem - 

What Are We Doing About It? 

Are our prosecutors 

properly trained to 

prosecute drugged 

drivers? 

Are we training our 

officers properly? 

Do officers know 

what to look for?

IMPAIRED DRIVER 

ENFORCEMENT PROGRAMS 

Standardized Field Sobriety Testing 

Drug Evaluation Classification Program 

Provides “One-Two Knockout Punch” for 

detecting impaired drivers.

Standardized Field Sobriety 

Testing (SFST’s) 

“Foundation” to all impaired driving training 

Developed by NHTSA 

Training began in the early 1980’s 

By 1995 – all 50 states involved 

“Standardized” curriculum

THE THREE TESTS 

• Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus Test (HGN) 

• Walk and Turn Test (WAT) 

• One Leg Stand (OLS)

ACCURACY 

• These tests, especially HGN and WAT, 

when administered correctly and sufficient 

clues are observed, have an 80% reliability 

that the subject is at or above a .08 BAC 

• SFS Tests enable the office to determine 

whether or not the operator is impaired. 

• A trained officer can administer the three 

test battery on the road.

TRAINING DETAILS 

• Training is 32 hours. 

• Student to instructor ratio of 3 or 4. 

• Unique hands-on learning. 

• Two alcohol workshops / Dry or Wet 

• NHTSA and International Association of Chiefs 

of Police (IACP) have sanctioned the SFST 

Training. The SFST training and national 

standards are under the auspices of the IACP’s 

Highway Safety Committee’s Technical Advisory 

Panel.

Program Transition 

• Program oversight was transitioned to the 

States in the early 1990s. 

• State Highway Safety Offices had the 

oversight and responsibility to ensure the 

program was administered properly across 

the State.

What Happened(1)? 

• Like many programs, record keeping 

was lax. 

• The proficiency of law enforcement 

skills declined. 

• Some States required law enforcement 

to be certified, generally through each 

State’s Peace Officers Standards and 

Training Council (POST).

What Happened(2)? 

• Less than optimal communications between 

law enforcement, Highway Safety Offices, 

Regional Office and NHTSA HQ. 

• As a result, the training often did not follow 

updated NHTSA/IACP curricula. 

• Deterioration of skills caused difficulty in 

some courts.

Purpose of SFST Program 

Assessment 

• Evaluate the status of a State SFST 

Program. 

• Improve the administration, operation, 

prosecution, and adjudication of impaired 

driving cases. 

• Improve continuity of program on a State 

level. 

• Identify resources available to the State.

PICTURE THIS SENARIO 

A police officer stops a 

driver operating a vehicle 

unable to maintain a single 

lane of travel. The officer 

finds a clearly impaired 

driver who is confused, 

disoriented.

DRIVER FAILS 

• The driver fails the roadside tests and is 

arrested for DUI. However, a breath test fails 

to detect the presence of alcohol. 

• Is the driver impaired? What evidence is 

needed to convict the driver?

SOLUTION 

• Police officers frequently encounter this 

type of scenario and the aftermath on our 

roads caused by drug-impaired drivers. 

Many times the impaired drivers are 

arrested, but not convicted. Hampered 

by this type of situation, law 

enforcement officers sought out other 

solutions to identify and convict drugged 

impaired drivers.

New York State Police 

• Erratic vehicle stopped by Non-DRE 

• Issued several UTT’s 

• Ready to cut her loose 

• DRE assisted, interviewed 

• Arrested for DWAI Drugs 

• CNS Depressants & Cannabis 

• $60,000 Drug Money 

• Appendix #II & III

Drug Evaluation and 

Classification Program 

Developed in Los Angeles in 1970’s as 

the Drug Recognition Expert (DRE) 

Program 

1987 - NHTSA assisted 

in the development and 

expansion of the program

DEC Program 

Trains officers to be Drug Recognition 

Experts or Drug Recognition Evaluators 

(DREs) 

Program oversight to IACP in 1989 

44 states in the program 

Over 6,000 DREs in U.S. (01-01-08)

DRUG RECOGNITION 

EXPERT 

What is a DRE? 

A police officer highly 

trained in detecting and 

recognizing impairment 

caused by substances 

other than alcohol.

What Does the DRE Do? 

Normally post arrest 

Provides expertise and assistance 

in drug impaired driving 

investigations 

Requested when impairment is not 

consistent with the arrestee’s BAC 

Drug training expertise 

Quality DWI enforcement

DRE Determines: 

1. If the subject is impaired 

2. If the impairment is drug 

or medically related 

3. If drug related, which 

category of drug(s) is 

likely causing the impairment

The DRE Drug Influence 

Evaluation 

12 –Step 

Standardized 

and 

Systematic 

Process

Drug Recognition Training 

 

 

 

 

 

Phase I - DRE Pre-School (16 hours) 

Phase II - DRE School (56 hours) 

Phase III - Certification Training (40-60 hours) 

Re-Certification training every two years 

On-going training

THE TWO DAY PRE-SCHOOL 

• Includes an introduction to the DRE Program. 

• Overview of the seven drug categories. 

• Includes an introduction to the twelve step 

process. 

• Includes the proper techniques of taking vital 

signs. 

• Overview and proficiency of the standardized 

field sobriety tests.

THE SEVEN DAY 

DRE SCHOOL 

• Drugs In Society 

• Development and effectiveness of the DEC Program 

• The seven drug categories and the signs and effects 

with each category. 

• Physiology and drugs 

• The DRE 12-Step process 

• Vital signs 

• Eye examinations (pupil size, reaction to light, 

nystagmus) 

• Successful completion of a final written exam.

FIELD EVALUATIONS 

• DRE must complete a minimum of 12 drug 

evaluations, administering at least six. 

• DRE must correctly evaluate people under 

the influence of at least three of the seven 

drug categories. 

• Evaluations must be confirmed through 

toxicology.

DRE PROCEEDURES 

• 12- Step standardized and systematic 

process 

• DREs are trained to follow an evaluation 

checklist 

• Proceeds from BAC through assessment of 

signs of impairment to toxicological 

analysis 

• Similar to standard medical diagnosis 

procedures 

• Takes approximately 60 minutes to complete 

an evaluation

Step 1: 

Blood Alcohol Content 

• DRE or Arresting 

Officer determines if 

alcohol is involved.

Step 2: 

Interview the Arresting Officer 

• DRE determines the 

reason for the arrest 

• Driving observed? 

• SFST results? 

• Statements made? 

• Other relevant matters

Step 3: 

Preliminary Examination 

• Fork-In-Road 

• Determines if the subject is impaired 

• Determines if the impairment is drug or 

medically related 

• If drug related, the DRE determines 

which category of drug's) is likely 

causing the impairment

DRE Training 

Medical Rule Outs 

• Tempe, AZ 

• Diabetic 

• Nancy

DRE tests for: 

• Horizontal Gaze 

Nystagmus (HGN) 

• Vertical Nystagmus 

(VGN) 

• Eye Convergence 

Step 4: 

Eye Examinations

• Romberg Balance 

• Walk and Turn 

• One-Leg Stand 

• Finger-To-Nose 

Step 5: 

Divided Attention 

DRE administers the following 

divided attention tests:

Step 6: 

Vital Signs Examination 

DRE conducts three vital signs 

examinations: 

• Body temperature 

• Blood pressure 

• Pulse rate (Taken 3 

times)

Step 7: 

Dark Room Examination 

• Pupillometer used to 

estimate the suspect’s 

pupil sizes in three 

different light levels. 

• Includes examination 

of nasal and oral 

cavities.

Step 8: 

Muscle Tone 

• DRE examines 

arrestee’s arms for 

muscle tone; flaccid, 

rigid, or normal.

• Arms 

• Neck 

• Ankles 

Step 9: 

Examine For Injection Sites 

DRE examines for injection sites. Most 

frequently used areas include:

Step 10: 

Statements & Interview 

• DRE conducts a structured interview 

• Miranda warnings given if not previously 

done 

• Suspect questioned about drug use based 

upon the results of the evaluation 

• DRE records admissions

Step 11: Opinion of the DRE 

• DRE forms an opinion as to the drug influence and 

the category(s) of drug(s) 

• Makes an “informed opinion” based upon totality 

of evaluation and evidence 

• Symptomology Chart used to 

form final opinion

• DRE requests urine or 

blood sample for 

analysis 

Step 12: 

Toxicology 

• Implied Consent 

• Statutes followed

DRE: HOW EFFECTIVE? 

• Currently in 44 states and growing 

• Proven to increase DUID arrests 

• Oregon, 130% increase since 1995 

• Washington, 75% increase since 1996 

• Approximately 80% confirmation rate 

nationally (based upon toxicology) 

• Increased acceptance in courts nationally

OREGON DRE VALIDATION 

STUDY 

• 3,364 DRE evaluations reviewed from 1996 

- 2002 

• Urine test results used 

• Included over 150 Oregon DREs statewide 

• Data entered and analyzed by the Oregon 

State Police and Pacific University College 

of Optometry 

• Modeled after the Arizona DRE Validation 

Study (June 1994 by Adler and Burns)

OREGON DRE STUDY 

OBJECTIVES 

• Determine relationship and trends of drug 

signs and symptoms to various drug 

categories and drug combinations 

• Identify driving behaviors associated to 

various drug categories and combinations 

• Determine overall effectiveness of the 

Oregon DEC Program

Drug Recognition and the Drug 

Evaluation Classification 

Program is a proven, effective 

tool to detect and apprehend 

drug-impaired drivers and 

reduce the injuries and fatalities 

they cause.

Results 

More suspected drugged impaired 

drivers arrested and removed from 

highways 

More people identified with drug abuse 

problems and treated 

Greater awareness of police officers 

More successful DUID prosecutions 

Increased public awareness of drugged 

driving and drug effects

Goals 

Expand the DEC program to all 50 

states 

Expand and increase basic drugged 

driving training to all law enforcement 

Train more DREs nationally 

Educate more judges and prosecutors 

in drugged driving issues 

Expand drugged driving research and 

detection measures

Pinellas Park, FL – 8/23/07 

• Drug Expert Spotted Use By Ex-Buc 

• PO Eric Schroder 

• David Boston – Asleep at the wheel / Traffic light 

• Failed OLS and WAT 

• No BAC 

• No illegal substance 

• Based on DRE / HGN / evaluation asked for 

another test 

• 3 Weeks later / GHB

Now police officers from across the country are learning 

the telltale signs of intoxication produced by drugs other 

than alcohol. They also determine the class of drug(s) 

involved, and, most important, get convictions for driving 

under the influence of drugs. 

In police language, they are training to become 

”Drug Recognition Experts" 

One chief’s comments on the value of Drug Recognition Experts 

"When you have a Drug Recognition Expert at the scene, it makes it 

so much easier to get a conviction down the road," In the past, 

drug-intoxicated drivers may have had an easier time avoiding 

prosecution. But as the number of recognition experts grows, that’s 

getting tougher. “ 

Pennsauken NJ Police Chief John Coffey 

5-6-2001 Philadelphia Inquirer

DRE Seven Drug Categories: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CNS Depressants 

CNS Stimulants 

Hallucinogens 

Dissociative Anesthetic 

Narcotic Analgesics 

Inhalants 

Cannabis

MI DRE 

• Officer Jeramey Peters – Auburn Hill PD

DRE Seven Drug Categories: 

CNS Depressant 

CNS Stimulants 

Hallucinogens 

Dissociative Anesthetic 


Inhalants 

Cannabis

Central Nervous System Depressants 

DITEP – Drug Impairment Training for Educational Professionals

The most familiar CNS Depressant is 

Alcohol 

Other CNS Depressants are legally 

prescribed for depression, anxiety, 

phobias, and other psychotic 

disorders; and slow down the process 

of the brain and many other functions 

that the brain controls. 


The CNS Depressant category 

has six sub-categories: 

R 

Barbiturates 

R 

R 

R 

R 

Anti-anxiety tranquilizers 

Anti-depressant tranquilizers 

Anti-psychotics 

Non-barbiturates 

R 

Combinations 


General Indicators 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

Drowsiness 

Thick slurred speech 

Uncoordinated, fumbling 

Flaccid muscle tone 

Sluggish 

Eyelids may be droopy 

Eyes may be bloodshot and watery 


Sleep Driving 

• Ambien – 26.5 million prescriptions 

• Warning – Don’t mix with alcohol 

• Appendix # I

Central Nervous System 

Stimulants 


CNS Stimulants Include: 

R 

R 

R 

R 

Cocaine / Crack 

Amphetamines 

Methamphetamines 

General Cellular 



R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

Restlessness 

Anxiety 

Excited 

Exaggerated reflexes 

Bruxism 

Runny nose 

Paranoia 

Euphoria 

Loss of appetite 

Loss of weight 


Hallucinogens 


Hallucinogens 

Hallucinogens are drugs that cause 

hallucinations. The user perceives 

things differently from the way they 

actually are. 


Illusions / Delusions 

• Illusions: A false perception 

• Delusions: A false belief 


Synesthesia 

The transposition of sensory modes. 

“Seeing Sounds” 

“Hearing Colors” 



R Dazed appearance 

R Body tremors 

R Perspiring 

R Paranoia 

R Disoriented 

R Nausea 

R Difficulty with speech 

R Piloerection 

R Statements suggesting hallucinations 


Dissociative 

Anesthetics 


Dissociative Anesthetics will: 

R 

R 

R 

Slow down the thought process like 

CNS Depressants 

Speed up the vital signs like CNS 

Stimulants 

Cause hallucinations like the 

Hallucinogen category 


PCP and Its Analogs 

R Phencyclidine is a shortened form of the 

chemical name PhenylCyclohexylPiperidine 

or PCP. 

R An “analog” is a “chemical first cousin.” 

R An analog has a slightly different chemical 

structure but produces the same effects. 

R Ketamine, an analog of PCP, is legally 

manufactured for use in surgery. It is often 

times stolen from veterinary offices 



R Blank stare 

R Loss of memory 

R Perspiring heavily 

R Warm to touch 

R Incomplete, slurred verbal responses 





Natural Alkaloids: occur naturally in Opium. 

Synthetics: chemically produced Narcotic 

Analgesics with no relations to opium but 

produce similar effects. 


Commonly-Abused Opiates and Their 

Derivation From Opium 

Raw Opium 

Powdered Opium 

(Smoking Opium) 

Other Alkaloids 

Morphine 

Codeine 

Thebaine 

Diacetyl Morphine 

(Heroin) 

Hydromorphone 

(Dilaudid) 

Hydrocodone 

(Lortab) 

Oxymorphone 

(Numorphan) 

Oxycodone 

(Oxycontin) 

XVII-6


R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

“Track marks” 

“On the nod” 

Slowed reflexes 

Low, slow, raspy speech 

Facial itching 

Dry mouth 

Euphoria 

Flaccid muscle tone 


Inhalants 


Inhalants 

R 

R 

R 

Volatile solvents (gasoline) 

Aerosols (hair spray) 

Anesthetic gases (Ether) 



R 

Odor of inhaled substance 

R 

Dizziness, numbness 

R 

Possible traces of substance around the 

face and nose 

R 

Bloodshot, watery eyes 

R 

Distorted perception, time and space 


Cannabis 


Cannabis 

The primary psychoactive 

ingredient in Cannabis is: 

Delta-9 

Tetrahydrocannabinol 

(THC) 


Types Of Cannabis 

Marijuana 

Hashish 

Hashish Oil 

Marinol 



R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

R 

Odor of marijuana 

Relaxes inhibitions 

Marked reddening of the conjunctiva 

Body tremors 

Disorientation 

Impairs attention 

Impaired perception of time and 

distance 


Relationships to the Categories 

CNS 

Depressant 

CNS 

Stimulant 

Hallucinogen Dissociative 

Anesthetic 

Narcotic 

Analgesic 

Inhalant 

Cannabis 

HGN 

Present 

None 

None 

Present 

None 

Present 

None 

VGN 

Present * 

None 

None 

Present 

None 

Present * 

None 

LOC 

Present 

None 

None 

Present 

None 

Present 

Present 

Pupil 

Size 

Normal* 

Dilated 

Normal 

Dilated Normal Constricted 

Normal * 

Dilated * 

Reaction 

To Light 

Slow 

Slow 

Normal * 

Normal 

Little or 

None 

Visible 

Slow 

Normal 

High dose for that particular person. 

Pupil size may be dilated for Soma and Quaaludes 

Pupil size may be dilated for some inhalants 

Pupil size may be normal 

Certain psychedelic amphetamines 

may cause slowing.

Vital Sign Relationship to the 

Seven Drug Categories 

CNS 

Depressant 

CNS 

Stimulant 

Hallucinogen 

Dissociative 

Anesthetic 

Narcotic 

Analgesic 

Inhalant 

Cannabis 

Pulse 

Down * 

Up 

Up 

Up 

Down 

Up 

Up 

Blood 

Pressure 

Down 

Up 

Up 

Up 

Down 

Up/ 

Down* 

Up 

Body 

Temp 

Normal 

Up 

Up 

Up 

Down 

Up/ 

Normal/ 

Down 

Normal 

Quaaludes and ETOH may elevate. 

Up for aerosols and volatile solvents and down for anesthetic gases. 


National DRE Data 

Tracking System 

www.dretracking.org

DRE Database 

2007 

Currently there are more than 1,642 evaluators 

using the system in 37 States. 

Currently, there are 9,222 evaluations for 2007. 

The National ratio for evaluators vs. evaluations is 

5.6 evaluations.

Report Results:Opinion and Toxicology 

Results Match 

All States 2007 

9222 Total records for all evaluations that 

meet selected criteria 6066 Records have 

completed toxicology 5305 of which 

Opinion is Supported 5947 evaluations 

are considered 89.2% Supported

Medical Ruleouts 

• 1.87 % - 2005 

• 1.62 % - 2006 

• 1.80 % - 2007

Challenges 

• People will do almost anything to 

beat a DUI charge 

• The youngest and most 

inexperienced assistants 

prosecute these cases 

• Some of the most experienced 

and highly paid defense attorneys 

(with incredible resources) 

defend them

Resource Prosecutor 

Michigan 

• Ken Stecker – (517)449-5646 

• MI Prosecutors Association

• NHTSA’s Prioritizing of Prosecutors: TSRP, What 

Does it Mean and How Can It Help You? 

• Stop, Look and Listen: Prosecutors at the Crash Scene 

• Event Data Recorders (EDR) – Recording Automotive 

Crash Event Data 

• Crawford Made Simple 

• Above and Beyond 

• Selling the Obvious

Contact Information 

National Traffic Law Center 

(NTLC) 

Joanne Michaels 

Phone: (703) 549-4253 

Fax: (703) 836-3195 

E-mail: joanne@ndaa.org

http://www.ndaaapri.org/apri/programs/traffic/ntlc_h 

ome.html

Website 

• DRE Publication – Phoenix Prosecutor 

http://phoenix.gov/phxpros.html

Advanced Roadside Impaired 

Driving Enforcement 

I(ARIDE) 

National Highway Traffic Safety 

Administration

Advanced Roadside Impaired 

Driving Enforcement (ARIDE) 

ARIDE trains law enforcement officers to 

observe, identify, and articulate the 

signs of impairment related to drugs, 

alcohol at roadside.

ARIDE Training 

• SFST training a pre-requisite 

• 16-hour course 

• Bridges the gap between SFST and DRE 

• Promotes use of DREs 

• Trains law enforcement 

and prosecutors together

Overall Course Goal 

I 

This course will train law enforcement 

officers to observe, identify and articulate 

the signs of impairment related to drugs, 

alcohol or a combination of both in order to 

reduce the number of impaired driving 

incidents, traffic fatalities and serious 

injuries.

Important Note 

I 

This course is not intended to be a 

substitute for the Drug Evaluation and 

Classification Program. 

This course will NOT qualify or certify 

the student as a DRE.

Foundations of ARIDE 

I 

DWI Detection Process 

Phase One: Vehicle in Motion 

Phase Two: Personnel Contact 

Phase Three: Pre-arrest Screening 

SFST Test Battery 

Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus 

Walk and Turn 

One Leg Stand

Difference Between 

DECP and ARIDE 

I 

DREs are required to: 

• Complete 72 Hrs of classroom training 

• Field certifications 

• Comprehensive final knowledge 

examination 

• Maintain certification through continuing 

education

Bridging the Gap 

I 

• ARIDE training will allow the student to 

build on SFST skills and knowledge 

• ARIDE will provide the student with 

information which will assist them to 

identify the drug impaired driver 

• ARIDE is designed to support the DECP

DITEP 

• Drug Impairment Training for Educational 

Professionals 

• 26 States 

• 2 day Training – Day 1 ALL – Day 2, 

School Nurses & SROs

DRE List Serve 

• http://www.drug-recognition-l.org/ 

• 900 plus, police, prosecutors, toxicologist 

highway safety and medical professionals 

personnel

DRE Website 

• http://www.decp.org/ 

• What’s new, updates, history, training 

conference information. 

• State Coordinators. Password access for 

Forms, Standards, Manuals, etc.

The Technical 

Advisory Panel 

(TAP) 

Subcommittee of IACP 

Highway Safety 

Ensures integrity of the DECP 

and SFST training (standards, 

curricula) 

# #

The Role of the TAP 

Asst. Comm. Earl M. Sweeney 

Chair, Technical Advisory Panel 

and 

IACP Highway Safety Committee

TAP Membership 

• HSC Chairman 

• IACP Staff ( One Vote) 

• DRE Representatives From Each of the 

Four Regions 

• Police Administrator


(cont’d) 

• DRE Section Chair ( 1 year) 

• At Large 

• Highway Safety Representative 

• Medical / Optometry 

• Medical / MD


(cont’d) 

• NHTSA (Ex-Officio Member) 

• Police Training Institution 

• IADLEST member (POST 

director or designee) 

• Prosecutor


(cont’d) 

•State DEC Coordinator 

• Toxicologist

Results 

More suspected drugged impaired 

drivers arrested and removed from 

highways 

More people identified with drug abuse 

problems and treated 

Greater awareness of police officers 

More successful DUID prosecutions 

Increased public awareness of drugged 

driving and drug effects

GENERAL SUPPORT FOR DEC 

State/local law enforcement training 

Alcohol, Drug Abuse Department 

Drug/Alcohol Treatment Providers 

Governor’s Traffic Safety Commission 

Private Traffic Safety groups (MADD) 

NHTSA Regional HQ 

Chief’s and Sheriff’s Association 

Motor Vehicles Division

Specific Support For DEC 

• Legislation – 1) submit to more than one 

test; 2) of blood and or urine as well as 

breath; 3) for the purpose of determining the 

alcohol/and or drug content of his/her 

blood. 

• Enforcement – SFST trained 

• Prosecution – Be aggressive in seeking 

court acceptance of SFST evidence, 

including HGN 

• Toxicology

HOW 

Site visit 

Criteria is met or close to 

Designate someone to lead 

Designee submits plan to TAP – 

TAP meets twice a year 

Approval / Disapproval

Approval / Support 

Support in setting up the program 

Support in setting up schools 

Support from IACP / NHTSA 

with out of state instructors 

Expert witnesses 

Technical support (TAP)

Approval / Support, cont’d 

Technical Advisory Panel – DRE 

Instructors, Toxicology, Prosecution, 

Medical, Highway Safety, IACP & 

NHTSA 

DRE Conference 

Regional Meetings

Surrounding States 

Indiana 

Illinois 

Ohio 

Wisconsin 

Canada

Surrounding States DREs and Number of 

Evaluations 

• Indiana – 96 DREs – 353 Evals 

• Illinois – 10 DREs – 0 Evaluations 

• Ohio – 4 DREs 

• Wisconsin – 86 DREs – 350 Evaluations 

• *Pennsylvania – 15 DREs – 203 Evaluations

Pennsylvania 

•1 st DRE Training 2005 

• Total DREs to date – 36 

• 2006 – 203 DRE Evaluations 

• 2007 – 440 Evaluations + 600 DWI

DEC Program Contact Information 

Ernie Floegel 

Drug Programs Coordinator 

Hopewell Junction, New York 

Telephone: 845-226-8058 

E-mail: iacpdre@frontiernet.net

“Fighting the Battle Against Impaired Driving” - State of Michigan

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