MILIOLIDAE - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica

MILIOLIDAE FROM MIOCENE OF POLAND 11
the group Spiroloculininae to the rank of subfamily, in which, in addition
to the above-mentioned genera, he placed also Tubinellina gen.n., Flintina
Cushman, Ptychomiliola Eimer et Fickert, Nubeculina Cushman and
Flintia Schubert, and separated two new genera on the basis of their
having a plate-like tooth in the aperture; these are Miliolinella and
Biloculinella. In this concection the genus Miliolina was split into three
genera: Miliolina Williamson proper, with a simple tooth, Miliolinella
gen.n., with a plate-like tooth, and Miliola Lamarck, with a trematophore
aperture, and the genus Biloculina into two genera: Biloculina proper (now
Pyrgo), with a bifid tooth, and Biloculinella gen.n., with a plate-like tooth.
Wiesner (1918) was, therefore, one of the first writers who acknowledged
the taxonomic value of such characters, hardly taken into consideration
up to then, as the shape of the aperture, the mode of its narrowing,
the type of the apertural tooth and the material of the test walls. He even
paid attention to the differences between the surfaces of tests in the
Miliolidae, distinguishing there degrees of lustre, dull, oily, and porcellaneous
or brilliant, and applying this differentiation in his division
into "Formenkreise". Unfortunately, the series of forms established by
him so meticulously are only of practical significance, they facilitate the
identification of species, rather than of systematic import, because they
do not include the internal structure of tests nor do they utilize the
criterion of apertural structure fUlly, although they show first steps taken
in this direction.
Bogdanowich (1947 and 1952), who in his studies based himself chiefly
on the classification of Brady (1884) and, partly, that of Wiesner (1932),
did not go any further. In his monograph of the Miliolidae of the USSR
(1952) he acknowledged the genus Miliolina Williamson together with its
synonyms, among which he also numbered Miliolinella Wiesner. Later,
Bogdanowich (in Rauzer-Chernousova & Fursenko, 1959) gave up the
genus Miliolina and recognized the genera Quinqueloculina and Triloculina.
He considered most of the former synonyms of Miliolina, e.g. Adelosina
d'Orbigny, Massilina Schlumberger and Miliolinella Wiesner to be synonymous
with the genus Quinqueloculina. However, he did not recognize
the genus Biloculinella Wiesner in the paper referred to and treated it as
a synonym of Pyrgo. As can be seen, in this classification the significance
of apertural characters diminished compared with Wiesner's views and
Bogdanowich laid stress on the internal structure and genetic relationships
instead.
The investigators who assented to and supplemented d'Orbigny's
division of the Miliolidae into genera were, in the first place, Reuss, active
in the middle of the nineteenth century, Schlumberger towards the end
of the nineteenth century, and Cushman at the beginning of the present
century. Reuss (1862) grouped the porcellaneous calcareous foraminifera