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Edwards et al., Curr Opin Struct Biol 2007

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M<strong>et</strong>abolite recognition by riboswitches <strong>Edwards</strong>, Klein and Ferré-D’Amaré 279<br />

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18.<br />

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Klein DJ, Ferré-D’Amaré AR: <strong>Struct</strong>ur<strong>al</strong> basis of glmS ribozyme<br />

activation by glucosamine-6-phosphate. Science 2006,<br />

313:1752-1756.<br />

Cryst<strong>al</strong> structures of the glmS ribozyme in pre- and post-cleavage states,<br />

tog<strong>et</strong>her with the demonstration of ribozyme activity in the cryst<strong>al</strong>line<br />

state, indicate that this riboswitch is remarkably rigid and folds in the<br />

absence of effector. The structure of the ribozyme bound to the antagonist<br />

Glc6P suggests how the activator functions as a coenzyme.<br />

19.<br />

<br />

Cochrane JC, Lipchock SV, Strobel SA: <strong>Struct</strong>ur<strong>al</strong> investigation<br />

of the glmS ribozyme bound to its cat<strong>al</strong>ytic cofactor.<br />

Chem <strong>Biol</strong> <strong>2007</strong>, 14:97-105.<br />

The structure of the glmS ribozyme bound to the activator GlcN6P<br />

confirms that its mode of binding is similar to that of the antagonist<br />

Glc6P. Kin<strong>et</strong>ic an<strong>al</strong>yses show that the K m but not the k cat of the reaction is<br />

pH dependent.<br />

20.<br />

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glmS ribozyme ligand binding pock<strong>et</strong>. Biochemistry 2006,<br />

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Biochemic<strong>al</strong> an<strong>al</strong>ysis of the glmS ribozyme-riboswitch provides evidence<br />

that the activator-binding site is largely pre-organized.<br />

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Transition state stabilization by a cat<strong>al</strong>ytic RNA. Science 2002,<br />

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The authors present a biophysic<strong>al</strong> and structur<strong>al</strong> an<strong>al</strong>ysis of the specificity<br />

of the purine riboswitch, in particular, the importance of Watson–Crick<br />

pairing of the effector with pyrimidine 74.<br />

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specific<strong>al</strong>ly bind the purine riboswitch. J Am Chem Soc 2006,<br />

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Wöhnert J: An intermolecular base triple as the basis of ligand<br />

specificity and affinity in the guanine- and adenine-sensing<br />

riboswitch RNAs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005, 102:1372-1377.<br />

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structure of an ATP-binding RNA aptamer reve<strong>al</strong>s a novel fold.<br />

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thiamine pyrophosphate sensing riboswitch. ChemBioChem<br />

2006, 7:1451-1456.<br />

30. Lim J, Winkler WC, Nakamura S, Scott V, Breaker RR: Molecularrecognition<br />

characteristics of SAM-binding riboswitches.<br />

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acids. Annu Rev Biochem 1999, 68:611-647.<br />

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aptamers. Science 2000, 287:820-825.<br />

34. Ferré-D’Amaré AR, Doudna JA: RNA folds: insights from<br />

recent cryst<strong>al</strong> structures. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol <strong>Struct</strong> 1999,<br />

28:57-73.<br />

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and binding. Nature 1986, 319:199-203.<br />

36. Nahvi A, Sudarsan N, Ebert MS, Zou X, Brown KL, Breaker RR:<br />

Gen<strong>et</strong>ic control by a m<strong>et</strong>abolite binding mRNA. Chem <strong>Biol</strong><br />

2002, 9:1043.<br />

37. Müller M, Weigand JE, Weichenrieder O, Suess B:<br />

Thermodynamic characterization of an engineered<br />

t<strong>et</strong>racycline-binding riboswitch. Nucleic Acids Res 2006,<br />

34:2607-2617.<br />

38. Mand<strong>al</strong> M, Lee M, Barrick JE, Weinberg Z, Emilsson GM,<br />

Ruzzo WL, Breaker RR: A glycine-dependent riboswitch<br />

that uses cooperative binding to control gene expression.<br />

Science 2004, 306:275-279.<br />

39. Carothers JM, Oestreich SC, Davis JH, Szostak JW:<br />

Information<strong>al</strong> complexity and function<strong>al</strong> activity of RNA<br />

structures. J Am Chem Soc 2004, 126:5130-5137.<br />

40.<br />

<br />

Carothers JM, Oestreich SC, Szostak JW: Aptamers selected for<br />

higher-affinity binding are not more specific for the targ<strong>et</strong><br />

ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2006, 128:7929-7937.<br />

The authors an<strong>al</strong>yzed the effect of structur<strong>al</strong> complexity on affinity and<br />

selectivity for 11 distinct classes of GTP aptamers.<br />

41. Lemay JF, Penedo JC, Tremblay R, Lilley DM, Lafontaine DA:<br />

Folding of the adenine riboswitch. Chem <strong>Biol</strong> 2006, 13:857-868.<br />

Ensemble and single-molecule FRET measurements demonstrated multiple<br />

Mg 2+ -dependent folded states of the adenine riboswitch in the<br />

absence of ligand.<br />

42.<br />

<br />

Noeske J, Buck J, Furtig B, Nasiri HR, Schw<strong>al</strong>be H, Wöhnert J:<br />

Interplay of ’induced fit’ and preorganization in the ligand<br />

induced folding of the aptamer domain of the guanine binding<br />

riboswitch. Nucleic Acids Res <strong>2007</strong>, 35:101-112.<br />

Solution NMR an<strong>al</strong>ysis of a guanine riboswitch reve<strong>al</strong>s pre-organization of<br />

the glob<strong>al</strong> fold, including the termin<strong>al</strong> loop–loop interaction, in the<br />

absence of effector.<br />

43. Lipfert J, Das R, Chu VB, Kudarav<strong>al</strong>li M, Boyd N, Herschlag D,<br />

Doniach S: <strong>Struct</strong>ur<strong>al</strong> transitions and thermodynamics of a<br />

glycine-dependent riboswitch from Vibrio cholerae.<br />

J Mol <strong>Biol</strong> <strong>2007</strong>, 365:1393-1406.<br />

44. Mironov AS, Gusarov I, Rafikov R, Lopez LE, Shat<strong>al</strong>in K,<br />

Kreneva RA, Perumov DA, Nudler E: Sensing sm<strong>al</strong>l molecules by<br />

nascent RNA: a mechanism to control transcription in<br />

bacteria. Cell 2002, 111:747-756.<br />

45. Wickiser JK, Cheah MT, Breaker RR, Crothers DM: The kin<strong>et</strong>ics<br />

of ligand binding by an adenine-sensing riboswitch.<br />

Biochemistry 2005, 44:13404-13414.<br />

46.<br />

<br />

Wickiser JK, Winkler WC, Breaker RR, Crothers DM: The speed of<br />

RNA transcription and m<strong>et</strong>abolite binding kin<strong>et</strong>ics operate an<br />

FMN riboswitch. Mol Cell 2005, 18:49-60.<br />

The rates of riboswitch transcription, the influence of transcription<strong>al</strong><br />

pause sites and the association rates of FMN are studied, showing that<br />

the FMN riboswitch is under kin<strong>et</strong>ic rather than thermodynamic control.<br />

47. Grundy FJ, Henkin TM: Regulation of gene expression by<br />

effectors that bind to RNA. <strong>Curr</strong> <strong>Opin</strong> Microbiol 2004,<br />

7:126-131.<br />

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intracellular Mg(2+). Cell 2006, 125:71-84.<br />

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basis for temperature sensing by an RNA thermom<strong>et</strong>er.<br />

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Cryst<strong>al</strong>lography & NMR system: a new software suite for<br />

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www.sciencedirect.com <strong>Curr</strong>ent <strong>Opin</strong>ion in <strong>Struct</strong>ur<strong>al</strong> <strong>Biol</strong>ogy <strong>2007</strong>, 17:273–279

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