Initial Conquest of India by Turks and Their Slaves - IOSR

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Influencing factors of Mental Health of Adolescents at School Level [16] Joyce.L.Epstein & Jame M.Mcpartland (1976). The Concept of Measurement of Quality of School life, American Educational Research Journal, Vol.13, No.1 pp.15-30. [17] KamlajeetKaur Mehta (1994), “Parent child relation-An imp. envtal variable influencing intelligence of children, Journal of Psychological Researches Vol-38 PP 10-13.) [18] Kundu, Ramanath; Basu, Jayanti (1991). Frustration reactions as predictors of academic achievement and personality dimensions of school children. Psychological Studies, Vol 36(3), 146-155. [19] Kupersmidt, J. B., & Patterson, C. J. (1991). Child-hood peer rejection, aggression, withdrawal, and perceived competence as predictors of self-reported behavior problems in preadoles-cence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychol-ogy, 19, 427-449. [20] La Greca, A. M., & Prinstein, M. J. (1999). The peer group. InW. K. Silverman & T. H. Ollendick (Eds.), Developmental issues in the clinical treatment of children and adolescents (pp. 171–198.) Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. [21] Little, S.A., & Garber, J. (1995). Aggression, depression, and stressful life events predicting peer rejection in children. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 845-856. [22] PrahbhjotMalhi (2000), Guiding Parents in effective disciplining strategies that work, journal of community guidance and research, vol 17, pp 129-141. [23] Rao N 1989. Parent Child Relation Scale. Agra:National Psychological Corporation. [24] S. Rueger, C. Malecki, M. Demaray 2010. Relation between multiple sources of perceived social support and psychological and academic adjustment in early adolescence: Comparisons across gender. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39 (2010), pp. 47–61. [25] Scholte RHJ, van Lieshout CFM, van Aken MAG. Perceived relational support in adolescence: dimensions, configurations, and adolescent adjustment. J Res Adolesc. 2001;11:71–94. [26] Shanty, K.J &Anita Ravindran (1998) Parental Discplinary practices and adolescent reactions to frustration, Journal of community guidance & Research, vol 15 pp 55-61. [27] Sowaid.M et al (1986), A study of Parent child interaction and achievement motivation among tribal high school students, Journal of Institute of Educational Research 10(3), pp. 24-27 [28] Steinberg L; Lamborn, S.D; Dornbusch, S.M & Darling N (1992) Impact of parenting practices on adolescent achievement Authoritative parenting school involvement and encouragement to succeed. Child Development, 63, 1266-1281. [29] SudhaKatyal&PromilaVasudeva (1998) affect of socio-personal Factors on Academic stress among Adolescents, Indian Journal ofApplied Psychology, vol 35 pp 35-37. [30] Suman L.N (1997) Parent-Child relation and achievement motivation journal of psychological researches, vol 41 pp 66-73. [31] Suman L.N and A.Umapathy (2003), Parent Child Relation And Achievement Motivation, Indian Psychological review, 61, 20 -27. [32] Sunitha, B., and Mayuri,K., (2001). Age and Gender differences on factors affecting high academic achievement. Journal of Community guidance and Research 18(2): 197 – 208. [33] Uma Devi L & Royal U.J.R (2004) Adolescents perception About Family Environment and Emotional Intelligence, Indian psychological Review, vol 62, pp 157-167. [34] Vernberg, E. M. (1990). Psychological adjustment and experiences with peers during early adolescence: Reciprocal, incidental, or unidirectional relations? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,18, 187–198. [35] Wentzel, K. R. & Asher, S. R. (1995). The academic lives of neglected, rejected, popular, and controversial children. Child Development. 66, 754-763. [36] World Health Report 2001 - Mental Health: New Understanding, New Hope, World Health Organization, 2001. www.iosrjournals.org 56 | Page
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (JHSS) ISSN: 2279-0837, ISBN: 2279-0845. Volume 5, Issue 4 (Nov. - Dec. 2012), PP 57-59 Www.Iosrjournals.Org A Study of Social Realism in Kamala Markandaya’s Nectare in a Sieve Dr. S. Shanmugam Assistant Professor Of English Cum Principal Sri Vidya Mandir College Of Arts And Science, Neikkarapatty, Salem-636 010, Tamil Nadu, India. Abstract: In our day-to-day life, everyone is facing many problems. Facing the problems is not important, but sustaining it very important. Every newspaper is coming out every day at least with a suicide. Kamala Markandaya’s contribution is different, because her characters try to survive in every angle. Kamala Markandaya is an Indo–Anglian novelist. She has also studied the fatalism of the Indians and their passive acceptance of the given lot. Human relationship, especially the husband and wife relationship which causes much maladjustment leading to the disintegration of the family are also examined. Kamala Markandaya’s novels are complex work of art and it is possible to read them on several levels. She has deftly delineated fully developed and charming character in her novels. The people most respected in Markandaya’s world are those who are loyal, vital, sincere and compassionate. Her characters are devoid of individuality; for instance, in Nectar in a Sieve Rukmani and Nathan are representatives of uprooted peasants. Like the Shakespearean comedy, Kamala Markandaya’s fiction is a woman’s world. A fine feminine sensibility pervades her world of fiction. This fatalism and spirit of calm acceptance are seen clearly in Nectar in a Sieve in the lives of the central character. Nathan and Rukmani silently suffer what life inflicts upon them. They do not grumble or complain, but accept silently. Mutual love, trust, sympathy, reconciliation and co-operation are the cures for all social evils. Her novel, the rural novel, the domestic novel, and psychological novel establish her true merit as a social critic. The rural, social and moral picture of modern India that emerges from them serves as an eyeopener to the various faults and flaws found in it. It makes an impassioned plea for practising the nobler values of love, kindness humanity, sympathy, understanding and friendship in their life. Thus giving the persons in ideal human conduct, and laying the foundations of a better and jester and social order in which all strife, misunderstanding, hatred, jealousy, cruelty, enmity, suffering and injustice will yield place to the greatest happiness. Besides, this novel is a representative of her expressions of social condition. Her manifold virtues have made her a great novelist. In our day-to-day life, everyone is facing many problems. Facing the problems is not important, but sustaining it very important. Every newspaper is coming out every day at least with a suicide. Kamala Markandaya‟s contribution is different, because her characters try to survive in every angle. Kamala Markandaya is an Indo–Anglian novelist. She has also studied the fatalism of the Indians and their passive acceptance of the given lot. Human relationship, especially the husband and wife relationship which causes much maladjustment leading to the disintegration of the family are also examined with help of Social Realism. Kamala Markandaya‟s novels are complex work of art and it is possible to read them on several levels. She has deftly delineated fully developed and charming character in her novels. The people most respected in Markandaya‟s world are those, who are loyal, vital, sincere and compassionate. She has been a laurel both in India and abroad. Dr. A.V. Krishna Rao opines that Kamala Markandaya‟s novels, in comparison with those of her contemporary woman writers, seem to be more fully reflective of the awakened feminine sensibility in modern India as she attempts to project the image of the changing traditional society. Kamala Markandaya‟s treatment of Indian rural life is comprehensive and all– embracing. It is realistic and trustful. Through her treatment, she has focused attention on the wretched. Plight of the poor and the destitute and has shown a way of life remarkable for its heroic endurance and innate goodness. Nectar in a Sieve deals with the peasants and their activities, problems and anxieties, hopes and expectations, and joys and sorrows. It is therefore natural to find in it an emphasis on rural ethos and rural value system. Dr.K.R.Srinivasa Iyengar says, “women are natural story-tellers!” (435). Kamala Markandaya‟s fiction suffers from a serious defect, that is, she has no vision of life. Her characters narrate, describe and generalize but there is no depth and psychological conflict in them. She tells a story but does not proper into the minds of the characters. Internal conflict in a person is seldom presented with skill and dexterity. There is also another defect in her fiction, that is, vagueness and generalization. Her characters are devoid of individuality; for instance, in Nectar in a Sieve Rukmani and Nathan are representatives of uprooted peasants. Like the Shakespearean comedy, Kamala Markandaya‟s fiction is a woman‟s world. A fine feminine sensibility pervades her world of fiction. www.iosrjournals.org 57 | Page
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