1985 - Mycological Society of America
1985 - Mycological Society of America
1985 - Mycological Society of America
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38<br />
.otia in liquid shake cultures and the association with<br />
the format ion <strong>of</strong> the sclerotia <strong>of</strong> developmentally<br />
regulated phenoloxidases. The phenoloxidase associated<br />
with the hyphal tip light response appears to be<br />
different from those associated with sclerotial formation.<br />
Since sclerotia and primordia may share the<br />
same pathways, and phenoloxidases are associated with<br />
both kinds <strong>of</strong> development, the liquid shake culture<br />
system may be a convenient method for studying the<br />
regulation <strong>of</strong> the earliest stages <strong>of</strong> morphogenesis in<br />
this fungus.<br />
A. Y. ROSSMAN. Mycology Laboratory, Plant Protection<br />
Institute, U.S. Oepartment <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Be1 tsville<br />
Agricultural Research Center, Be1 tsville, Maryland<br />
20705. Recent developments at the National Fungus<br />
Collections.<br />
The National Fungus Collections houses almost one<br />
mill ion fungal specimens comprising the largest<br />
mycological herbarium in the world. In the last<br />
several years the Alexopoulos myxomycetes have been<br />
acquired, curated by Or. M. L. Farr, and incorporated<br />
into the general myxomycete collection which now<br />
consists <strong>of</strong> about 40,000 specimens. Initially in<br />
several parts, the Ames herbarium has been organized<br />
and is available for loan. The herbarium <strong>of</strong> Walter<br />
Snell, acquired in 1980, has now been incorporated<br />
into the general collections. Although housed<br />
separately up to now, the herbarium <strong>of</strong> West Virginia<br />
University will be incorporated shortly. The rare<br />
books <strong>of</strong> the John Stevenson Reference Room have been<br />
cleaned and oiled for preservation, damaged bindings<br />
have been reparied, and pamphlets reorganized.<br />
Roth, I. L., see Frederick, L., et. al.<br />
D. J. ROYSE. Department <strong>of</strong> Plant Pathology, Mushroom<br />
Research Center, 211 Buckhout Laboratory, The<br />
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA<br />
16802. Use <strong>of</strong> isozyme variation for cell line<br />
identification, homokaryon detection and hybrid<br />
confirmation <strong>of</strong> cultivated mushrooms.<br />
Most electrophoretic studies <strong>of</strong> fungi have focused<br />
primarily on general protein patterns, using some<br />
specific enzymes. The electrophoretic phenotypes<br />
were evaluated on the presence or absence <strong>of</strong> particular<br />
bands. Other workers, however, postulated genetic<br />
bases for the specific enzyme phenotypes observed.<br />
This latter type <strong>of</strong> approach provides far more information<br />
on genetic variability and its inheritance.<br />
Applications for genetic-based isozyme electrophoresis<br />
in selective breeding programs for edible mushrooms<br />
include: cell line authentication, homokaryon detection,<br />
and hybrid confirmation. Cell line authentication<br />
can be accomplished by assessing specific<br />
alleles at specific loci. Genotypic classes <strong>of</strong> isolates<br />
can be recognized by a series <strong>of</strong> loci having<br />
electrophoretic phenotypes with interpretable genetic<br />
bases. For examole. . , in the common cultivated mushroom,<br />
Agaricus brunnescens, over 20,000 genotypic<br />
classes may be recognized on the basis <strong>of</strong> possible<br />
genotypes from the allelic variability exp;essed at<br />
six polymorphic loci. Incorporation <strong>of</strong> breeding stock<br />
genomes into a single hypha can be confirmed by<br />
dimeric enzymes. Mycelial mixtures <strong>of</strong> parental breeding<br />
stocks are easily differentiated from crosses.<br />
The heterodimer can only be produced when both alleles<br />
are present in their separate nuclei in the same<br />
mycelium.<br />
NITIN SAKSENA and H.H.S. Tripathi. Department <strong>of</strong><br />
Botany, Univeristy <strong>of</strong> Saugar, Sagar (M.P.) 470 003,<br />
India.<br />
Fungistatic activity <strong>of</strong> Trichoderma volatiles against<br />
plant pathogens.<br />
The effect <strong>of</strong> volatitles from six cultures <strong>of</strong> Tricho-<br />
derma (L aureoviride, L, harzianum, T. lon ibrachi-<br />
atum, T. konin ii, T. v~ride and T<br />
TZiTat3-5iiAlTe A i i d ~ s ~ a n ~ was o r seen ~ , on<br />
four plant pathogens i.e. Curvularia lunata,<br />
Helminthosporium or zae, Alternaria s o l a n d<br />
Rhozopus nodosus. -&- e percentage <strong>of</strong> spore germination<br />
wasdetermined and it was found that spore<br />
germination was inhibited when the spores were in<br />
contact with the volatiles from Trichoderma species.<br />
NITIN SAKSEIIA and H.H.S. Tripathi. Oepartment <strong>of</strong><br />
Botany, Univeristy <strong>of</strong> Saugar, Sagar (M.P.) 470 003,<br />
India.<br />
Antagonistic effects <strong>of</strong> volatiles <strong>of</strong> Saccharornyces<br />
against some human pathogenic fungi.<br />
Ten species <strong>of</strong> Saccharomyces (S, bis orus<br />
carlsber ensis, ra ilis, T%TFFT: -%<br />
diastitick t r k s k , S. tvrbidans, S.<br />
uvarum, S. rouxii, and S. chevalieq were screenea<br />
forlai?mainst =me five human ~athoaenic<br />
Saccharom ces and that the gas mixtures produced in<br />
d i t e d the sporulation <strong>of</strong> the pathogens to<br />
a large extent.<br />
Schlagnhaufer, B., see Wach, M. P., et. al.<br />
Schoknecht, J. D., see Keller, H. W.<br />
Schulz, R. W., see Gessner, R. V., et. al.<br />
M. A. SHERWOOD-PIKE. Geology Department, University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403.<br />
Taxonomy <strong>of</strong> dispersed fossil fungus spores from<br />
Clarkia, northern Idaho.<br />
A diverse assemblage <strong>of</strong> fungal spores was recovered<br />
from Miocene lakebed sediments from Clarkia, Idaho<br />
using standard palynological techniques. Approximately<br />
150 distinct taxa are present. Of those which<br />
have modern analogues, the greatest number are dematiaceous<br />
hyphomycetes. Ascospores <strong>of</strong> Xylariaceae<br />
and loculoascomycetes are also abundant. Although<br />
small spores resembling basidiospores occur, they<br />
are not common. While conditions <strong>of</strong> preservation at<br />
Clarkia are exceptionally good, thin-walled and<br />
hyaline spores have undoubtedly been selectively<br />
destroyed. The absence <strong>of</strong> Uredinales is a striking<br />
feature <strong>of</strong> this and other Tertiary assemblages.<br />
Among the most spectacular spores found are several<br />
cheiroid types and conidia essentially identical to<br />
those <strong>of</strong> the modern aquatic hyphomycete Helicoon<br />
giganteum.<br />
M. A. SHERWOOD-PIKE, Geology Department, University<br />
<strong>of</strong> Oreeon. - - Eunene. - . OR 97403.<br />
Paleoecology <strong>of</strong> a Miocene Myc<strong>of</strong>lora.<br />
Fungal spores and fruitbodies are abundant in many<br />
Tertiary fossil assemblages. A detailed census <strong>of</strong><br />
isolated spores extracted using palynological techniques<br />
and fruitbodies occurring on leaves provided