1985 - Mycological Society of America
1985 - Mycological Society of America
1985 - Mycological Society of America
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can be assumed that even the Ustilaginales s. str.<br />
seem not to represent a homogeneous taxon.<br />
On that basis a number <strong>of</strong> species <strong>of</strong> the genera<br />
Anthracoidea, Far sia, ~icrobotr~um, S hacelotheca<br />
soorisorium. ~- ~<br />
a&laao<br />
~<br />
were restu#kTGTiE;<br />
mbrphologicai characteristics and the germinat ion <strong>of</strong><br />
teliospores.<br />
In consideration <strong>of</strong> the host plants, the site and<br />
morphology <strong>of</strong> the sori, tel iospore formation and<br />
germination, as well as the criteria cited above, the<br />
phragmobasidial Ustilaginales can be divided into at<br />
least three clusters.<br />
1) Genera which parasitize monocotyledonous hosts,<br />
2) genera which parasiteze dicotyledonous hosts -<br />
these groups show an obvious affinity to the<br />
heterobasidiomycetous yeast genera Leucosporidium<br />
and Rhodos oridium -, and<br />
3) Far ria, aPgenus which is unique because <strong>of</strong> the<br />
&on <strong>of</strong> the tel iospores.<br />
Dorner, J. W., see Yates, I. E., et. al.<br />
Dugas, C. M., see Blackwell, M., et. al.<br />
Dunn, P. H., see Durall, 0. M.<br />
P. H. DUNN, S. C. BARRO, AND M. A. POTH. USDA Forest<br />
Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment<br />
Station, Forest Fire Laboratory, 4955 Canyon Crest Dr.,<br />
Riverside, CA 92507. Comparison <strong>of</strong> physiological<br />
methods to measure soil microbial biomass.<br />
Fungi generally account for three-fourths <strong>of</strong> the<br />
microbial biomass in soil. Two <strong>of</strong> the preferred<br />
physiological methods <strong>of</strong> measuring the total microbial<br />
biomass are the fumigation and incubation technique<br />
<strong>of</strong> Jenkinson and Powlson and the glucose addition<br />
technique <strong>of</strong> Anderson and Domsch. The glucose<br />
addition method gives potential biomass for a site<br />
while the fumigation technique gives a measure <strong>of</strong><br />
current biomass. The soil microbial biomass in a<br />
chaparral chronosequence (six separate sites) was<br />
evaluated with both methods using soil from beneath<br />
several Adenostoma fasciculatum (~f) and Ceanothus<br />
greggii (Cg) shrubs at each site. The two methods<br />
indicated similar trends in biomass fluctuation with<br />
stand age. Regression analysis showed that the two<br />
methods were directly related for both shrub species<br />
(Af: r= 0.85, Cg: r= 0.62, combined: r= 0.73).<br />
D. M. and P. H. WNN. Pacific Southwest<br />
Forest and mge Experiment Station, Forest Service,<br />
U. S. Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Forest Fire Laboratory,<br />
4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA 92507.<br />
The use <strong>of</strong> an ultrasonic probe for renwing fungal<br />
spores from California bay ( m a r i a cal ifornica<br />
(H. & A.) Nutt.) leaves.<br />
Root, leaf, and soil washing techniques were developed<br />
to facilitate the isolation <strong>of</strong> fmgi present in the<br />
vegetative state rather than those in a transient<br />
spore state. These techniques have used shaking<br />
and txlbbling mechanics to remwe transient spores,<br />
leaving behind resident fmgi. The resident fmgi<br />
can then be isolated by plating leaf, root, and<br />
soil particles onto growing media. The washing<br />
efficiency <strong>of</strong> these methods has been low. In some<br />
studies, as many as 60 one-minute washings per sanple<br />
were required. In bacteriological research, an<br />
ultrasonic probe has been used to dislodge bacteria<br />
from soil. Ramval efficiency is higher than that<br />
achieved by shaking mechanics. Results <strong>of</strong> washing<br />
cal if ornia bay leaves and subsequent f ungal isolation<br />
confirm previous studies m bacteria. Ultrasonicaticm<br />
was fmd to be more efficient than shaking in the<br />
renwal <strong>of</strong> transient spores from leaves. Results<br />
from sampling waste water for viable transient spores<br />
indicated that the duration <strong>of</strong> washing and the<br />
anperage used with the probe must be adjusted to<br />
aquire maximm remwal efficiency, but at the saw<br />
time avoid injury to the transient spores and<br />
vegetative mycel im.<br />
M.J.DYKSTRA and E.J.NOGA. School <strong>of</strong> Veterinary<br />
Medicine, North Carol ina State University, Raleigh,<br />
NC 27606. A Newly Described Oomycete Disease <strong>of</strong><br />
Fish, Menhaden Ulcerative Mycosi s (MUM).<br />
In the spring, summer, and fall <strong>of</strong> 1984, deep skin<br />
ulcers were noted in a large proportion <strong>of</strong> menhaden<br />
collected from the estuaries <strong>of</strong> North Carolina. Wet<br />
mounts <strong>of</strong> lesion material showed broad, aseptate<br />
hyphae in 54 out <strong>of</strong> 56 lesions. Histopathology<br />
revealed broad, aseptate hyphae in 90% <strong>of</strong> the lesions<br />
to which the fish had mounted an immune response leading<br />
to large granulomas surrounding the hyphae. Lesion<br />
material from 39 fish was placed on nutrient media for<br />
14 hours at room temperature at which time emerging<br />
hyphal tips were removed to fresh media. Twelve <strong>of</strong><br />
the lesions contained Achls or Sa role nia sp., 13<br />
contained imperfect fuF, and 9$kXdk fungi.<br />
In some cases, hyphae were teased from the lesion.<br />
After 14 hours, the growing tips were transferred and<br />
Achly; sp. was subsequently identified. The intense<br />
granu omatous response to the fungus coupled with the<br />
absence <strong>of</strong> any other predominant parasites in the<br />
lesions suggests the deep involvement <strong>of</strong> the fungus<br />
with the disease. The ubiquity <strong>of</strong> the fungal genera<br />
involved further suggests that other environmental<br />
factors are the primary cause <strong>of</strong> the disease with the<br />
fungi being heavily involved in the lethal end-stage<br />
<strong>of</strong> the disease. It is particularly unusual to find<br />
Oomycetes in the high salinities (up to 1.3 ppt) from<br />
which the fish were collected.<br />
J. J. ELLIS. Northern Regional Research Center, ARS,<br />
USDA, Peoria, IL 61604. Species and varieties in the<br />
Rhizopus microsporus group as indicated by their DNA<br />
complementarity.<br />
Deoxyribonucleic acid renaturation studies between<br />
authenticated strains <strong>of</strong> Rhizopus species that f om<br />
short sporangiophores support conclusions that most<br />
<strong>of</strong> those published species should be considered<br />
varieties <strong>of</strong> R. microsporus.<br />
Strains <strong>of</strong> R. chinensis<br />
var . liquefaciens , ;: . pseudochinensis, R . oligosporus,<br />
R. cohnii, R. rhizopodiformis, and R. pygmaeus<br />
gave high nuclear DNA relatedness with strains <strong>of</strong> R.<br />
microsporus and R. chinensis. In contrast, strains<br />
<strong>of</strong> R. tritici and R. niveus showed low relatedness<br />
with R. microsporus and R . chinensis, but much higher<br />
relatedness with strains <strong>of</strong> R . arrhizus . Theref ore,<br />
nuclear DNA complementarity studies are consistent,<br />
for the most part, with conclusions recently based on<br />
morphological observations concerning varieties and<br />
species <strong>of</strong> Rhizopus .<br />
J. T. ELLZEY, M. 0. COOPER and T. H. HAMMONS.<br />
Biological Sciences, University <strong>of</strong> Texas at<br />
El Paso, El Paso, TX. 79968-0519. Ultrastructure<br />
<strong>of</strong> membrane-bounded structures<br />
within hypovirulent strains <strong>of</strong> Endothia<br />
(Cryphonectria) parasitica.<br />
Transmission electron microscopy <strong>of</strong> freezesubstituted<br />
hyphae <strong>of</strong> virulent and hypovirulent<br />
strains <strong>of</strong> Endothia (Cryph0nectria)para-