Lecture 9 - Åbo Akademi

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Some driving forces: Scalability • Bus technology not very scalable with respect to • High performance • Effective on-chip communication • Reasonable cost • Segmenting buses • Bus: long wire, globally clocked, stretching on whole chip • Bus segments: separate groups of locally clocked, bundled wires, BRIDGED with each other at each end • Difficult for complex SoCs and multicore chips • Need manual design for different segments suiting specific chip architectures (core placements and configurations) • Expensive and time-consuming
Some driving forces • Technical Issues • Wires get closer to one another => physical problems leading to bad bus performance • Parasitic capacitance • Unwanted storage of an electrical charge between close wires • Design Productivity gap • Increasingly smaller transistors => more fit on chips
Page 1 and 2: Special Course in Computer Science:
Page 3 and 4: Network-on-Chip (NoC) Why NoC OCP S
Page 5 and 6: From simpler to more complex chips
Page 7: Problems to solve • Cores that pe
Page 11: NoC illustration
Page 14 and 15: OCP standard for on-chip communicat
Page 16 and 17: OCP Characteristics • IP Core •
Page 18 and 19: Flexibility of OCP • Several usef
Page 20 and 21: Some fundamental OCP concepts: Addr
Page 22 and 23: Some fundamental OCP concepts: In-b
Page 24 and 25: Some fundamental OCP concepts: Side
Page 26 and 27: Introduction • Network-on-chip (N
Page 28 and 29: Introduction • ISO/OSI network pr
Page 30 and 31: NoC Topology • Most direct networ
Page 32 and 33: NoC Topology • Folding torus topo
Page 34 and 35: NoC Topology • Indirect Topologie
Page 36 and 37: NoC Topology • (m, n, r) symmetri
Page 38 and 39: NoC Topology • Irregular or ad ho
Page 40 and 41: Switching strategies • Two main m
Page 42 and 43: Switching strategies • Allocating
Page 44 and 45: Switching strategies • VCT (virtu
Page 46 and 47: Routing algorithms • Static and d
Page 48 and 49: Routing algorithms • Minimal and
Page 50 and 51: Routing algorithms • Routing algo
Page 52 and 53: ACK/NACK flow control scheme • wh
Page 54 and 55: Clocking schemes • Fully synchron
Page 56 and 57: NoC Architectures examples
Page 58 and 59:
HERMES • Developed at the Faculda
Page 60 and 61:
Nostrum • Developed at KTH in Sto
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QNoC • Developed at Technion in I
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SPIN • Scalable programmable inte
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Emerging NoC paradigms Overall goal
Page 68 and 69:
Novel Interconnect Paradigms for Mu
Page 70 and 71:
Motivation • Increasingly harder
Page 72 and 73:
Emerging Alternatives • Optical I
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Optical Interconnects • Board-to-
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Optical Interconnects • Waveguide
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Optical Interconnects • OIs have
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Optical Interconnects: Open Problem
Page 82 and 83:
RF/Wireless Interconnects • Micro
Page 84 and 85:
RF/Wireless Interconnects • Paths
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RF/Wireless Interconnects: Open Pro
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CNT Interconnects • Carbon nanotu
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Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT)
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Conceptual transmitter and receiver
Page 98 and 99:
3D and NoCs • 3D stacking technol
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Lecture 9 - Åbo Akademi

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